数字式直流电机调速系统设计

摘 要

本文主要提到了直流调速的现状，研究状况，发展，控制方式和意义几个方面，直流调速具有调速范围宽，调速平滑，启动转矩大，启动性能好等优点，因而在工业传动系统中得到广泛的应用，直流调速技术不断发展，走向成熟化、完善化、系列化、标准化，在各个领域中起着越来越重要的作用。大量应用产品的出现，为数字式直流调速带来了更大的辉煌。

本文属于电机控制类的设计，本文主要是综合运用了电机学、单片机原理、EDA设计、电力拖动自动控制系统和MATLAB仿真技术，设计出数字式直流电动机的调速控制系统原理图，编制详细的软件流程，并运用MATLAB进行仿真分析。本文在硬件部分对单片机芯片的介绍较为详细，数据采集电路设计,显示模块设计,报警模块,键盘控制电路,输入执行模块设计采用了多种的不同的单片机芯片进行了设计。软件部分对主程序，时钟初值输入子程序,显示子程序,键扫描子程序KEY和键分析子程序KAYA,中断服务子程序，采样子程序，数据处理子程序，报警子程序进行了详细的设计，编制出了流程框图和相应的程序。利用MATLAB的Simulink进行了详细的双闭环仿真模块设计，对电流环和转速环进行了完整详细的设计

经测试各项指标达到设计的要求，成功验证了理论上的分析，仿真结果成功实现，设计成功。

I

关键词：单片机；双闭环；直流电机；数字式；MATLAB/Simulink

The Design of the Digital DC Motor Speed System

ABSTRACT

This paper mainly referred to the status quo, DC speed regulation system research, development, several control methods and significance, DC motor with wide speed range, speed smooth, large starting torque, the advantages of good starting performance, so it is widely used in industrial drive system, the continuous development of DC speed regulation technology, mature, perfect, seriation, standardization, plays a more and more important role in each field. Application of the product appearance, has brought greater glory for the digital DC speed regulation.

Design this paper belongs to the motor control class, this paper mainly adopts the motor system and MATLAB simulation technology of automatic control, SCM principles, EDA design, electric drive, design a control chart speed digital DC motor system principle, the preparation of detailed software flow chart, and the use of MATLAB simulation analysis. In hardware part introduces in detail on the chip, the data acquisition circuit design, display module, alarm module, the keyboard control circuit, the input module design uses a single chip to design different. The software part of the

II

main program, the initial input clock subroutines, display subroutines, key scan subroutine KEY and bond analysis subroutine KAYA, interrupt service subroutine, sampling subroutine, data processing, alarm subroutine are designed in detail, has developed a procedure frame diagram and the corresponding program. The design of double closed loop simulation module using MATLAB Simulink, the design of complete details of the current loop and speed loop

After testing various indexes meet the design requirements, successfully verifies the theoretical analysis, the simulation results successfully, successful design.

Key words: Single-chip computer；Double closed-loop ；DC speed control system；Digital model; MATLAB/Simulink.

III

目 录

数字式直流电机调速系统设计 ............................................ I

摘 要 ............................................................. I ABSTRACT ....................................................... II 1.1 直流电机调速系统的发展状况 ..................................... 1 1.2 数字式直流电机调速系统的研究概述 ............................... 2

1.2.1 国外研究概况 ............................................. 2 1.2.2 国内研究概况 ............................................. 3 1.2.3现阶段直流电机常用驱动方式 ................................ 4 1.3 数字式直流电机调速系统的设计意义 ............................... 5 1.4 本课题的主要研究内容 ........................................... 6 第2章 基本原理 ....................................................... 7

2.1 单片机概述 .................................................... 7

2.1.1单片机应用概念 ............................................ 7 2.1.2单片机的特点和应用 ....................................... 10 2.2 基于单片机控制的直流电机双闭环调速系统原理 .................... 15 第3章 硬件电路设计 .................................................. 16

3.1 硬件电路框图 .................................................. 16 3.2单片机系统 .................................................... 16

3.2.1 8051的各引脚功能 ........................................ 18 3.2.2单片机的基本组成 ......................................... 18 3.3数据采集电路设计 .............................................. 19

3.3.1 8155芯片的引脚结构 ...................................... 19 3.3.2 8155芯片引脚的功能 ...................................... 21 3.3.3 ADC0809芯片的引脚结构 ................................... 21 3.3.4 ADC0809芯片引脚的功能 ................................... 22 3.4显示模块设计 .................................................. 23

3.4.1 8255芯片的引脚功能 ...................................... 24 3.4.2 LED介绍 ................................................. 26 3.5报警模块 ...................................................... 27 3.6键盘控制电路 .................................................. 27

IV