3. (1)OHCNOMgBrOHCOOHOHCH3CH2CCH3CH3CH3CH C CHOCH2CH3(3)CH3CH2CHOOCH2CH2(2)CH3CH2CCH3OH(4)CH2CH3 H CHOCH C(5)H3COHCH2OH+ HCOOOH(6)CH3C H CHCHCH3(8) CH3CH2CH2CHCH3(7)CH2CH3CHN OH(9) CH3CH2COO + CHI3
① H2SO4②H2O4.*无机试剂和一个碳的有机试剂任选(溶剂例外)
(1) H2C CH2Ni , H2CH3CH2OHH2SO4CuCH3CHO稀NaOHCH3CH CHCHOHBrCH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH3CH CHCH3CH3CH2CHCH3 Br
或
H2C CH2HBr① H2SO4②H2OCH3CH2OHCuCH3CHO①干醚OHCH3CH2CHCH3 PBr3CH3CH2BrMg干醚CH3CH2MgBr②H2O/H+BrCH3CH2CHCH3(2)CH3Cl无水AlCl3
CH3Cl2光照CH2ClMg干醚CuCH2MgCl CH2ClH2ONaOHCH2OHCHO①干 醚②H2O/H+
OH O[O] H+CHCH2CCH2
Mg干醚OHCH3CH2CH2MgCl (3)CH3CH2CH2OHCuCH3CH2CHOSOCl2CH3CH2CH2Cl① CH3CH2CH2MgCl/干醚②H2OO/H+CH3CH2CHCH2CH2CH3KMnO4H+CH3CH2CCH2CH2CH3
OH (4)H2O/H+[O]H+T,POHCNOHH2O/H+CNOHCOOH
(5) 用(1)的中间产物和最终产物合成
CH3CH2CHCH3BrH2SO4 干醚MgCH3CH2CHCH3MgBr① CH3CHO/干醚②H2O/H+CH3CH CHCH2CH3 OHCH3CH3CH CHCH2CH3CH3
5. 能发生碘仿反应的是:(2) (4) (5) (8) (10) ; 能与NaHSO3加成的是:(1) (6) (8) (9) (10); 能被斐林试剂氧化的是:(1) (6) (8) (9) ;
能与羟胺生成肟的是:(1) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) 。
O 6. (1)ClCH2CHOO32O>CHCHO>CHCCH(CH)>33CCH3 >C
(2)O2NCHO >CHO >HC3CHO >CHO3CHO
√ 黄↓
I2/OH -
7. 丙醛 (1)
(2) 甲醛
(3)
丙醛 苯甲醛
斐林试剂 ×
丙酮 丙醇 异丙醇
2,4-二硝基苯肼
√ 黄↓ × ×
√ 黄↓
×√ 黄↓
√ 砖红色↓ 本尼迪试剂 ×
√ 砖红色↓
√ 砖红色↓ ×
苯乙醛 苯乙酮 1-苯基-1-丙酮
8. 环己醇
环己酮
√ Ag↓
托伦试剂 ↓
√ 黄↓
×
I2/OH-
×
蒸馏
液相 饱和NaHSO3 乙醚 环己醇/乙醚 ?-羟基磺酸钠
固相
H2O H+
环己醇
环己酮
O 9. A:C H3CH2CCHCH3OCH3OHB:CH3CH2CCHCH3CH3E:CH3CH2CHO C:CH3CH2C CHCH3 CH3D:CH3CCH3
O CH3CH2CCH(CH3)2OCH3CH2CCH(CH3)2OHCH3CH2CHCH(CH3)2 CH3CH2CHCH3CH3CH3CH2CHO COC(CH3)2I2NaOHAg(NH3)2+O CH2 10. A:CH3CHO CH2OCH3CHO CH2CH2H3O+NOHH2NOHCH3CH2CCH(CH3)2 OHCH3CH2CHCH(CH3)2H2/NiH2SO4KMnO4H+CH3CH2CHC(CH3)2CH3CH3CO CH3CH2CHO + CH3COONa + CHI3CH2CH2COOB:CH3CHOC:HOCH2CH2OH CH3CHO +HOCH2CH2OH HOAcCH3CHO + C6H5NHNH2CH3CHOI2NaOH斐林试剂CH3CHNNHC6H5 HCOONa + CHI3CH3CHOCH3COONa2CO2 + 2H2OHOCH2CH2OH KMnO4H+
第九章 羧酸、羧酸衍生物和取代酸
问题九 参考答案
COOH 9-1BrCH3OCH3NH2COOHCOOHCOOH 9-2CH3CH2OHH2SO4SOCl2CH3CH2ClCH2KMnO4H+O2/AgT, PMgEt2OO
1.Et2O2.H3O+Cl2少量PClCH3CH2CHCOOH CH3CH2MgClCH2CH3CH2CH2CH2OHCH3CH2CH2COOH
9-3 题中给出的四种羧酸衍生物的水解反应是双分子酰氧键断裂的亲核加成-消除机理,用下列通式
OCY Y=Cl,OCCH3,OC2H5,NH2 表示这四种化合物: CH3 如果C=O基团中碳原子的正电性越强,离去基团的离去倾向越大,反应物的活性也就越大。综合诱导效应和共轭效应,C=O基团中碳原子的正电性和离去基团的离去倾向次序为:乙酰氯>乙酸酐>乙酸乙酯>乙酰胺,所以水解反应的活性次序为:乙酰氯>乙酸酐>乙酸乙酯>乙酰胺。
9-4CH3CH2CNH3O+CH3CH2COOHNH3CH3CH2CONH2NaOBrNaOH1.Tollens2.H3O+CH3CH2NH2 O
9-5CH3CH2COOHCl2少量PCH3CHCOOHClNaOHH2OCH3CHCOOHOHCH3CCOOH 习题九 参考答案
1. (1) 2,5-二甲基庚酸 (2) (2E, 4E)-2,4-己二烯酸 (3) (E)-2-乙基-3-氯-3-溴丙烯酸 (4) 3-羟甲基苯甲酸 (5) 2,3-环氧丁酸 (6) 2-(2,4-二氯苯氧基)乙酸 (7) (1S,2S)-1,2-环丙基二甲酸 (8) 乙酸-2-羧基苯酯 (乙酰水杨酸) (9) 甲酸苯甲酯(甲酸苄酯) (10) 3-甲基-4-环己基丁酸 (11) 5-羟基-1-萘乙酸 (12) N-甲基氨基甲酸苯酯
CH3CH3(2)HOOCCOOH(4)BrHCH3CH3C(5)OHO(7)(CH3)2CHCH2C OCH(CH3)2O(9)OOOO(10)O(12)HOOC(CH2)4C NH2OOCOOH(6)COOOCOOH 2. (1) CH3CH2CH CHCOOH(3)HC CHOOCHCOOH(8)CH3(CH2)2C O C(CH2)2CH3 O2NOCH2C Br(11)H3CCOCH2CH2OCCH33.(1) 三氯乙酸 > 醋酸 > 碳酸 > 苯酚
(2)CH3CHCOOHF (3)CH3CH2CHCOOHO (4)
>CH3CHCOOHCl>CH3CHCOOHBr>CH3CHCOOHI>CH3CH2CHCOOH>CH3CHCH2COOH>CH2CH2CH2COOH OHOHOHOHCOOH > H2CO3 > H2O > OH 4. (1)CH3CHCH2COClCH3(4)CH3CH2COONH4COOH(6)COOHCOCH3CH2CONH2COO(7)CHOCOO(5)(CH3)2C CCH2OH (2)COOCH(CH3)2(3)COONa