C) men are also exploited greatly by fashion designers D) men are more stable and reliable in characters Passage 13

So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.”

Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity. It can be seen and observed.

Learning to read involves all that each individual does not make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny. If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easily, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”

When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfill them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of learning to read by reading. D 1. The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that _______. A) it is one of the most difficult school courses B) students spend endless hours in reading C) reading tasks are assigned with little guidance D)too much time is spent in teaching of reading B 2. The teaching of reading will be successful if ________. A) teachers can improve conditions at school for the students B) teachers can enable students to develop their own way of reading C) teachers can devise the most efficient system for reading D) teachers can make their teaching activities observably B 3. The word “security” (Para.3) most probably means ________.

A) inquiry B) observation C) control D) suspicion

A 4. According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when _______.

A) children become highly motivated

B) teacher and learner roles are interchangeable

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C) teaching helps children in the search for knowledge D) reading enriches children’s experience C 5. The main idea of the passage is that ________.

A) teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to read B) teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possible C) reading ability is something acquired rather than taught D) reading is more complicated than generally believed Passage 14

On Thursday afternoon Mrs. Clarke, dressed for going out, took her handbag with her money and her key in it, pulled the door behind her to lock it and went to the Over 60s Club. She always went there on Thursdays. It was a nice outing for an old woman who lived alone.

At six o’clock she came home, let herself in and at once smelt cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke in her house? How? Had someone got in? She checked the back door and the windows. All were locked or fastened, as usual. There was no sign of forced entry.

Over a cup of tea she wondered whether someone might have a key that fitted her front door-“a master key” perhaps. So she stayed at home the following Thursday. Nothing happened. Was anyone watching her movements? On the Thursday after that she went out at her usual time, dressed as usual, but she didn’t go to the club. Instead she took a short cut home again, letting herself in through her garden and the back door. She settled down to wait.

It was just after four o’clock when the front door bell rang. Mrs. Clarke was making a cup of tea at the time. The bell rang again, and then she heard her letter-box being pushed open. With the kettle of boiling water in her hand, she moved quietly towards the front door. A long piece of wire appeared through the letter-box, and then a hand. The wire turned and caught around the knob on the doorlock. Mrs. Clarke raised the kettle and poured the water over the hand. There was a shout outside, and the skin seemed to drop off the fingers like a glove. The wire fell to the floor, the hand was pulled back, and Mrs. Clarke heard the sound of running feet.

C 1. Mrs. Clarke looked forward to Thursday because ________.

A) she worked at a club on Thursday B) she had visitors on Thursday C) she visited a club on Thursday D) a special visitor came on Thursday A 2. If someone had made a force entry ________.

A) Mrs. Clarke would have found a broken door or window B) he or she was still in the house

C) things would have been thrown about D) he or she would have needed a master key

D 3. On the third Thursday Mrs. Clarke went out _______.

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A) because she didn’t want to miss the club again B) to see if the thief was hanging about outside C) to the club but then changed her mind D) in an attempt to trick the thief

B 4. The lock on letter-box was one which _______. A) needed a piece of wire to open it

B) could be opened from outside without a key C) couldn’t be opened without a key D) used a knob instead of a key D 5. The wire fell to the floor ________.

A) because Mrs. Clarke refused to open the door B) when the man’s glove dropped off C) because it was too hot to hold

D) because the man just wanted to get away Passage 15

There have been many great inventions, things that changed the way we live in. The first great invention was one that is still very important today--the wheel. This made it easier to carry heavy things and to travel long distances. For hundreds of years after that there were few inventions that had as much effect as the wheel. Then in the early 1800's the world started to change. There was little unknown land left in the world. People did not have to explore much anymore. They began to work instead to make life better. In the second half of the 19th century many great inventions were made. Among them were the camera, the electric light and the radio. These all became a big part of our life today.

The first part of the 20th century saw more great inventions. The helicopter in 1909. Movies with sound in 1926. The computer in 1928. And jet planes in 1930. This was also a time when a new material was first made. Nylon came out in 1935. It changed the kind of clothes people wear. The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people get over disease. They worked very well. They made people healthier and let them live longer lives. By the 1960's most people could expect to live to be at least 60. By this time most people had a very good life. Of course new inventions continued to be made. But man now had a desire to explore again. The world was known to man but the stars were not. Man began looking for ways to go into space. Russia made the first step. Then the United States took a step. Since then other countries, including China and Japan, have made their steps into space. In 1969 man took his biggest step away from earth. Americans first walked on the moon. This is certainly just a beginning though. New inventions will someday allow us to do things we have never yet dreamed of.

A 1. Camera was invented after ________.

A) 1850 B) 1950 C) 1800 D) 1900

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D 2. Why did the world start to change in the early 1800's?

A) Because there were few inventions that had as much effect as the wheel for hundreds of

years.

B) Because there was little unknown land left in the world. C) Because people did not have to explore much anymore.

D) Because people began to work to make life better instead of exploring unknown world. A 3. In Paragraph Two, the word \in the sentence \worked very well\refer

to_______.

A) helicopters, computers, jet planes, nylon B) new ways to help people get over disease C) new materials D) people

D 4. Why did man have a desire to explore again?

A) Man wanted to move to other stars.

B) Other countries wanted to catch up with the Americans. C) Other countries wanted to follow the Russians. D) Going into space is a dream for man to realize. D 5. The possible title for the passage might be _________.

A) Great Invention of the 20th Century

B) How Wheels, Cameras and Computers Were Invented? C) People's Attitudes towards Inventions D) Great Inventions Influence Our Way of Living Passage 16

Children learn almost nothing from television, and the more they watch, the less they remember. They regarded television purely as entertainment, resent programs that demand on them and are surprised that anybody should bake the medium seriously. Far from being over-excited by programs, they are mildly bored with the whole thing. These are the main conclusions from a new study of children and television. The author, Cardiac Cullingford, confirm that the modern child is a dedicated viewer. The study suggests that there is little point in the later hours. More than a third of the children regularly watch their favorite programs after 9 p.m. All 11-year-olds have watched programs after midnight.

Apart from the obvious waste of time involved, it seems that all this evening has little effect. Children don’t pay close attention, says Cullingford, and they can recall few details. They can remember exactly which programs they have seen, but they can rarely explain the elements of a particular plot. Recall is in “reverse proportion to the amount they have watched”. It is precisely because television, unlike a teacher, demands so little attention and response, argues Cullingford. Programs seeking to put over serious messages are strongly disliked. So are people who frequently talk on screen. What children like most, and remember

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