随着现代生活节奏的加快，人与人之间的竞争和矛盾日益增加，我们的精神处在一种高度紧张的状态，焦虑症、抑郁症等的发生率也在不断增加，失眠的症状也随之产生。Insomnia is induced with the development of more and more cases of Anxiety and Depression due to the increasingly intensified competition and conflict and constantly enhanced strain in the quickened modern world.

许多疾病也可以伴有失眠症状，如神经官能症、高血压、肿瘤、脑血管疾病、肺结核、冠心病。Many diseases, such as neurosis, high blood pressure, tumor, cerebrovascular diseases, pulmonary tuberculosis and coronary heart disease, are also accompanied by insomnia.

这些疾病的某些阶段可以出现失眠症状，或因疾病加重而影响睡眠，在疾病好转后，失眠症状可以减轻或消失。Sleep disorders may emerge in some phases of these diseases or the exacerbation may affect sleep, while insomnia will alleviate or disappear with the improvement of the diseases.

失眠与年龄有密切的关系，年龄越大失眠发生率越高。Insomnia is closely related with age. The older a person becomes, the more likely he may develop insomnia.老年人入睡时间延长，年轻人一般几分钟就能入睡，而老年人平均40分钟才能入睡，The time needed to initiate sleep by senior citizens is lengthened. Generally, young people only take a few minutes to go to sleep while elderly ones, on average, spend forty minutes.加之老年人睡眠变浅，夜尿增多，夜间醒来的次数也增多，因此失眠的症状也随之加剧。With less sound sleep, increased nocturia and more wake-up, senior citizens suffer from much severer insomnia.脑力劳动者用脑过度，特别是学生，学习紧张，容易出现失眠症，而体力劳动及经常参加锻炼的人，失眠就不易产生。Brainworkers, especially hardworking students are easily affected by insomnia for their overtaxing their brains while manual workers are less likely to suffer from insomnia.

I. Translation

Translate into Chinese the underlined sentences in the text.

1. As an anticonvulsant and muscle relaxant, the beneficial effects start to emerge at 10 and 20 times the dose required for sedation, respectively.

如果服用10倍用于镇定催眠的剂量的话，（安比恩）可用作抗痉挛药物，20倍剂量的话，（安比恩）可用作肌肉松弛剂。 2. Though the impact is immediate and relieving, it comes with the

cost of possible side effects that are to be watched out for and acted upon at once.

尽管见效快，但是也有副作用，必须在服药时就得注意并且按医嘱服用。 3. They can sometimes carry on complex conversations and respond appropriately to questions or statements, so much so that observers may believe them to be awake.

他们有时候会进行比较复杂的谈话并且对别人的提问和陈述回以妥帖的答复，以至于旁观者可能相信他们是醒着的。

4. Ambien makes a person fall sleep for 7-8 hours at a stretch and so it should be taken only when the required time is available; that goes to say that it should not be taken during working hours or before driving, etc.

安比恩让一个人连续睡上七八个小时，所以只有在有充足的时间睡觉时才能服用，也就是说在工作时间或开车前不能服用。

5. Ambien consumer information is highly imperative as that would offer you with good amount of help which is needed to deal with the problems arising from using this drug.

必须要弄清楚安比恩的使用须知，这样能很好地帮助你对付因为服药产生的问题。

Part IV Medical Terminology

【幻灯26】Every student learning medical English finds medical terminology so vast and challenging.

Medical Terminology is a special vocabulary used by health care professionals for effective and accurate communication. Because it is based mainly on Greek and Latin words, medical terminology is consistent and uniform throughout the world. It is also efficient; although some of the terms are long, they often reduce an entire phrase to a single word. The one word gastroduodenostomy （['ɡ?str?udu:?di'n?st?mi] n. 胃十二指肠吻合术：在胃与十二指肠之间进行吻合的手术）, for example, stands for ―a communication between the stomach and the first part of the small intestine‖.

【duodenum: [,dju(:)?'di:n?m] adj. 十二指肠 duodenal: [,dju(:)?u'di:nl] adj. 十二指肠的

anastomosis: [,?n?st'mosis] 〔复anastomoses〕①吻合：两条管道间的连接；②吻合术：两个正常分开的腔隙或器官间通过手术、创伤或病理方式造成的开口】

The medical vocabulary is vast, and learning it may seem like

learning the entire vocabulary of a foreign language. Moreover, like the jargon ([' d?ɑ:ɡ?n] n. 行话，术语) that arises in all changing fields, it is always expanding. The task seems overwhelming, but there are methods that can aid in learning and remembering words and can even help in making informed guesses regarding the meanings of unfamiliar words.

【幻灯27】Most medical terms can be divided into component parts—roots, prefixes, and suffixes—that maintain the same meaning whenever they appear. By learning these meanings, you can analyze and remember many words.

The fundamental unit of each medical word is the root. This establishes the basic meaning of the word and is the part to which modifying prefixes and suffixes are added.

A suffix is a short word part or series of parts added at the end of a root to modify its meaning, indicated by a dash before the suffix, such as -itis.

A prefix is a short word part added before a root to modify its meaning, indicated by a dash after the prefix, such as pre-.

Let’s start the study of medical terminology from prefixes and suffixes.

e.g. ［幻灯28］

1. Insomnia is a sleep pattern disorder that affects millions of adults worldwide at one time or another. (Text A)

disorder=dis- + order word =prefix + root

dis- is a prefix denoting ―absence, removal, separation‖, which decides the meaning of disorder as ―a disruption of normal physical or mental functions; a disease or abnormal condition‖.

2. Hormonal imbalance can lead to dearth [d?:θ] of sleep specially, in women specially, during the menopause season. (Text A) hormonal = hormon + -al word =root + suffix

Suffix –al suggest that the word is an adjective.

word-building中的两个练习都由学生课后完成，学生课堂讲解也可由老师讲解，视时间定。红体字为附加的词干和词缀的解释。如果学生没有解释，由老师上课补充

第一部分为从课文中选出的词汇，第二部分为跟某主题相关的构词结构。

I. Word-building (1)

Study the italicized words in bold in the sentences selected from the text, try to figure out prefixes and suffixes and finish the following table:

1. Insomnia is a condition where the person has difficulty

initiating or maintaining sleep. (Para. 1, Text A) words prefixes meaning examples suffixes insomnia -ia condition of amnesia [?m'ni:z i?]记忆缺失, diarrhea [,da i ?'ri ?] 腹泻, parasomnia深眠状态[,p?r? 's?mni:?] mechanism 机理，机制['mek? niz?m] automatism [?:'t? m?tiz?m] 自动症 hypertension 高血压 hyperventilation [,haip? venti'lei??n]换气过度，过度呼吸 hypertrophy[hai'p ?:tr?fi] 肥大 prostatic hypertrophy 前列腺肥大 acidosis [,?si'd?usis] 酸中毒, thrombosis [θr ?u m'b ?usis] 血栓形成, sclerosis [skl?'r?usis] 硬化〔症〕： hypnagogic[,hipn?u'ɡ?d?ik] ①安眠的；②入眠前的 hypnic ['hipnik] 催眠的，睡眠的 hypnodontia牙科催眠术 [,hipn?u'd?n?ir] incontinent[in'k?ntin?nt]失禁的，不能自制的, inability, inacidity无酸性, imbalance regurgitation[ri,g?:d? hyperthyroidism -ism [haip?'θair?idiz(?)m] 甲状腺机能亢进 hyperthyroidism hyper- contidion of over, excess, increased, abnormally high hypnosis [hip'n?usis] -sis, -osis, condition of 催眠，催眠状态 -asis, -重音在倒数第iasis,-esis, 二个音节 hypnosis hypn/o sleep insomnia replenish in-, im not (used before b, m, p) re- back, again