I. Vocabulary

Study carefully all the new words and phrases in the box selected from the text. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary. regimen, transient, intermittent, exacerbation, replenish, prestigious, assess, determine, contribute to, underlie, address, alleviate, imperative, dearth, identify, deprivation, intensify, innocuous, irritability, severity 1. Ginger is used in travel sickness preparations and to alleviate morning sickness, colds, and joint pains.

2. In 1923 Amelia earned her flying license issued by the prestigious Federation Aeronautique International（国际航空联盟）. 3. Human activities contribute to climate change by causing changes in Earth’s atmosphere in the amounts of greenhouse gases, aerosols (small particles), and cloudiness.

4. The Government regularly re-runs the housing demand model to assess the long-term housing demand. 5. With social deprivation one may have limited access to the social world due to factors such as low socioeconomic status or poor education.

6. Mescaline ['mesk?l?n; -li?n]【化学】墨斯卡灵〔一种生物碱，用做幻觉剂〕is completely innocuous, and its effects will pass off after eight or ten hours.

7. During a rigorous chemotherapy regimen, he went into shock with blood poisoning.

8. It was once labeled a cultural desert because of its dearth of cultural and artistic activities.

9. When the ship reached port, it gave abundant evidence of the severity of the storm. 10. In the new study, college students experienced more symptoms of anxiety and irritability on a cloudy day compared with on a sunny day.

11. The symptoms of stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) are the same and depend upon the particular region of the brain that is affected. But while a stroke is permanent, a TIA by definition resolves its own.

12. It is imperative that the letter be posted immediately. 13. We will intensify capacity in scientific research and technological development, as well as intensify development and introduction of new technologies and products, and boost their application.

14. Today would be mostly fine and sunny, with intermittent shower.

15. CRM［客户关系管理（Customer Relationship Management）］tools help identify those high-volume purchasers -- the backbone of your business -- and target them in a way that cultivates the best possible relationship.

16. After delivery, no patient underwent the abnormal liver function or liver disease progression or exacerbation. 17. Their maturation1 process is not only important for establishing normal visual functions, but may also underlie the dendritic2 remodeling of ganglion3 cells during development.

18. China will further perfect these systems, maintain reasonable amounts of grain in reserve, replenish the grain market risk funds and reinforce the government's ability to regulate grain markets. 19. These concerns were not adequately addressed in the report. 20. The point of our study was to determine what is true, not what is practicable.

II. Cloze

Fill in the gaps with any words you think fit.

通读全文，同时填入语法词或固定搭配词汇。剩下的实词，判断所需词词性，根据前后文意义填入实词。实词空多有不止一个正确答案。

Sleep disorders are on a rise these days. Many people, young and old are (1) suffering from sleep disorders. Primary sleep disorders may be due to psychological or medical conditions of the patient. Without a proper sleep, the quality of life keeps degenerating. Hence it is important to (2) consult a doctor if you suffer from any sleep disorder.

123

maturation: [m?tj?'re??(?)n] 生殖细胞之形成 dendritic: [den'dr?t?k] 树枝状的；树状的

ganglion: ['g??gl??n] [组织] 神经节；[医] 腱鞘囊肿

Primary sleep disorders are a result of disturbances in sleep patterns (3) or sleep-wake generating mechanisms. Some sleep disorders are severe enough to interfere with normal functioning of any person.

Sleep disorders are of many types. However, primary sleep disorders can be (4) majorly of two types. Dyssomnias4 are sleep disorders characterized by lack of sleep (5) which happen either due to abnormalities in the quality or (6) amount / quantity of sleep. It can happen due to problems arising (7) from inside the body or it may also be related to external factors. There is usually a disturbance in the circadian rhythm of sleep.

Parasomnias异态睡眠are sleep disorders where the patient goes through some unusual experiences (8) during sleep. The patient may sleep walk or have (9) nightmares. The patient might also have sleep terror disorder. Other abnormal (10) experiences include tooth-grinding, bed-wetting, sleep sex, sleep talking, exploding head syndrome where the patient wakes up after hearing loud noises etc.

There are also (11) various medical conditions that are accompanied by sleeping disorders. Persons suffering from psychosis5, panic, and mood disorders etc. (12) undergo ／ experience / have sleeping disorders. These disorders are not termed as primary sleep disorders. Here sleep disorder is secondary to a disease. However, to draw a clear boundary between anxiety causing sleep disorder and sleep disorders (13) causing anxiety or depression is difficult.

Treatment for primary sleep disorders is (14) conducted / done through medications, behavioral treatments, rehabilitation etc.

Sleep disorder can be acute or (15)chronic. The requirement of sleep -– the quality, timing etc. (16) varies from individual to individual. Hence, the treatment also is very person specific. The patient’s medical conditions, psychological well being, psychiatric history are all taken into (17) consideration before prescribing the treatment.

45

dyssomnias: ?[d?'s?mni?s]? 睡眠失调

psychosis： [sa?'k??s?s] n. 精神病；精神错乱

Hence, consult your health care professional and (18) discuss your problems in detail with her/him. She/he will be able to guide you to the right kind of treatment which you require.

Primary sleep disorders are common and can be treated. As soon as you realize that you are having troubles with sleep, (19) contact your doctor as sleep is extremely important for normal (20) functioning of the body.

III. Translation

1. Translate the following passage into Chinese.

1） 英语句子较长，结构较复杂；汉语长句常由并列复合句构成。

2） 英译汉一般用分译法，一个长句拆成若干个小句。

3） 汉译英一般用合译法，若干个小句尽量合译成一个主从复合句。在分析句子时，先确定英语句子的主句的主谓宾，再加入其他成分。

无论是英译汉还是汉译英，首先要找到句子的核心词，确定英语的句子结构或汉语句子的核心内容。主谓宾定状补，先确定前者再考虑后者。

The key to diagnosing insomnia and other sleep disorders is history and sleep laboratory monitoring. 诊断失眠及其他睡眠障碍的关键是研究病史和在睡眠实验室对病人做监测。Short-term problems related to difficulty with initiating sleep may be situational or environmental. 短期的难以入睡这种失眠一般是由环境因素引起的。Long-term problems with sleep, lasting weeks to months, may be more psychophysiologic such as with chronic anxiety or depression. 持续数周甚至数月的长期睡眠问题可能更多的是由心理生理因素引起，如患有慢性焦虑症或抑郁症。A thorough history of personal or job-related issues, caffeine, alcohol and other drug use, related medical problems, abnormal leg and body movements at night, problems with daytime napping and somnolence as well as night time snoring, and apnea spells will all direct the practitioner to the cause of most problems. 医生要想找到多数失眠的原因，就得做详细的病史检查，要了解个人或工作状况，咖啡因、酒精摄入及其他药物服用史，相关的内科疾病，夜间腿部及躯体异常活动，昼间瞌睡，夜间打鼾及呼吸暂停时间等情况。A good sleep study often confirms the diagnosis and leads to specific interventions. 对睡眠情况进行认真检查通常可以确诊失眠，进而采取特定的治疗措施。

2. Translate the following passage into English.