江苏省交通技师学院

毕 业 设 计（论 文）

汽油机涡轮增压技术及故障分析

系 名： 车辆工程系 专业班级： 21512011 学生姓名： 李想 学 号： 指导教师姓名： 江伟

2016年5月3日

目 录

引言 ··············································································································· 0 第一章．汽车涡轮增压技术概述 ·········································································· 1

1.1作用 ··································································································· 1 1.2构造 ··································································································· 1 1.3工作原理 ······························································································ 2 第二章．汽车涡轮增压器的维护及使用常识 ··························································· 3

2.1涡轮增压器的维护 ················································································· 3 2.2涡轮增压发动机的使用 ··········································································· 3 第三章.汽车涡轮增压器的分类及优缺点 ································································ 5

3.1汽车涡轮增压器的分类 ··········································································· 5 3.2汽车涡轮增压器的优缺点 ········································································ 6 第四章.涡轮增压器的常见故障及案例分析 ····························································· 7

4.1故障现象 ····························································································· 7

4.1.1增压器突然停止运转 ····································································· 7 4.1.2增压器涡轮或泵轮端“排油” ························································· 7 4.1.3增压器振动剧烈且有噪声 ······························································· 8 4.1.4增压器气喘 ················································································· 8 4.1.5增压器增压力下降 ········································································ 8 4.1.6废气涡轮增压器漏油现象故障分析 ··················································· 8 4.2故障检修 ····························································································· 8 4.4案例分析 ····························································································· 9 第五章.涡轮增压器的改进措施 ··········································································· 10

5.1现代化设计方法和制造技术方面 ······························································ 10 5.2新材料的应用方面 ················································································ 10 5.3涡轮增压器的发展趋势 ·········································································· 10 结 论 ········································································································· 11 致谢 ·············································································································· 12 参考文献： ····································································································· 12

摘要 涡轮增压简称Turbo，如果在轿车尾部看到Turbo或者T，即表明该车

采用的发动机是涡轮增压发动机。本文介绍了涡轮增压器的构造和原理，对常见涡轮增压技术故障进行分析和故障维修，废气涡轮增压器漏油现象故障的原因和日常养护进行了研究并得出结论，对现有的涡轮增压技术进行了一些改进，对未来涡轮增压发展前景进行展望。

关键词： 涡轮增压 废气 常见故障 改进措施

引言

涡轮增压器，一个近十年出现的词语。人们只知道汽车排量后面带T的车辆就是带有涡轮增压器的发动机，汽车的加速就会快，性能也好。

涡轮增压器会产生更大的扭矩以满足驾驶乐趣。为了满足发动机不同转速下

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的需求，1989年出现了可变增压的涡轮增压器（VNT）。在发动机低速时，涡轮增压器减小喉口，提高增压；在发动机全速运转时，涡轮增压器喉口增大，保证增压不会超出需求。喉口可用真空管控制。优点是提高了发动机低速时的加速性能。目前，涡轮增压器已经占到了50%，在亚洲、美国也都在增长。现代涡轮增压器也改变了人们对柴油机的看法，涡轮增压器已经成为提高动力性能的主流方向。

第一章．汽车涡轮增压技术概述

1.1作用

涡轮增压器按增压方式分为废气涡轮增压器、复合式废气涡轮增压器和组合式涡轮增压器。他们的作用分别如下：

1.废气涡轮增压器是利用发动机排出的具有一定能量的废气进入涡轮并膨胀做功，废气涡轮的全部功率用于驱动与涡轮机同轴旋转的压气机工作叶轮，在压气机中将新鲜空气压缩后再送入气缸。废气涡轮与压气机通常装成一体，便称

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