connict—managementsbllshaVetobeacademicsblls.5tau曲tjustasp唧ose矗lllyandpreciselyasGmupPmc鹤singThelaStcompollentofcooperatiVeleaHlingisgroupprocessing.InordertoacllieVesuccess,smdentSincooperatiVeleanlinggroupshavet0worktog础ere彘ctiVely.E疵ctiVegroupworkisinnuencedbywh础erornotgroupsreflectonhowwelltlleyaSare劬ctiolling.Group(a)describeprocessingmaybedefinedrenectingonagroupsessiontodecisioIlSwhatme瑚【beractionswerehelpmlaIlduIlllelp矗】1orand(b)mal【eaboutwhatactionstocoIItjImechaIlge.ThepuIposeof粤.oupprocessingistocla打匆aIldimprove廿1eefrectiVenessoftllemembersincon仃ibutingtot11ecollaborativee疗’ortstoachievethegroup‘sgoals.2.5Methodsofcoope阳tivel昀mingonSocialpSychologicalresearchSlavin,1977a),butresearchclassroomdidnotoncooperatiVele鲫【lingdatesbacktome1920s(seetothespecific印plicationofcooperativele锄ingbegin硼tiltlleearly1970s.Attllattime,fourindependentgroupsofresearcherSbegaIltodeVeloptheco叩eratiVetlleworldle锄ingm劬odsareiIlclasSroomsettings.applicationofareAtpresent,researchersalloVerstudyiIlgpracticalcooperatiVeleanlingprinciples,andmanycooperatiVeleaIlingmetllodsTheaV面lable.follo晰ngisabriefsunHnaryoft11ecommolllyuSedcoopemtiVet、ⅣoadvaIltagest0maketllele枷ngaremetllods.ThereconsideredaSareSlmlmary:first,mesemetllodsanle“classic”ones.Second,displayingtllemiIlbrieff.o衄makescomparatiVe觚由sis1rable2.1ve巧easy.MemodsSTADBriefdescriptionItisdeVelopedbySl£rVinRobert.E.Theteacherprese【ItsStudentsmeeti11four-oralesson.(StudentfiVe—m咖berte锄s,helpillgonone锄otllertoaTe锄.Acllievememmasterasetof、加rksheetst11elesson.Eachstudenttakesonquizontllematerial.Thei11diVidualscores,baSednledegreeofiIldiVidual32topic.Uponretumingtothete锄s,eachonein劬mteachest11egroupaIldstlldentsareallassessed丘.omallaspectsofthetopic.JigsawII(SlaV的isaIladoptionoforiginalJigsaw.IIlJigsawII,也ereisaquizorotlleraSses锄entsonal】topicsaRermestudelltshaVetllediscussioninmeir“expen,’group锄dteachtlleirtopicstotlleirtea埘IIllates.Scoringandte锄recogllitionbaSedoniInprovememaret11esameaSiIlS1:AD.nisdeVelopedbySpenceKagall.Students、Ⅳorkingroupst0produCeC0—0pC0一opauniquegroupproducttoshare谢thtlle、Ⅳ!holecans;eachstudenthasacontributionto也e伊oup.NmnberedItisdeVelopedbySpenceKagall.111eteacherasl【Saquestion,Headsstudemsconsulttomal(esureeVeUonehowtlleaIlSWer,t11enoneT09etllerstudemiscalledupontoanswerBesidesthepreViousmethods,t11erearealsoseVeralotllermethodsfloatingtllrou曲t11e1iter狐玳andtllrou曲teachefpracticethatneedtobedesc曲eda11drenectedon.1ComplexInstnlction(1)ElizabemCohen(1985)alldhercolleaguesatSta疵rdUIliVersit),haVedeVelopedaIldresearchedapproachesofcooperatiVe1e锄i119tllaten叩hasizeuseofdiscoVer.oriemedplr01jects,particularlyiIlscience,mamandsocialstudies.Am旬orfocuSofComplex111stnlctionis0nbuildingrespectforallof也eabilitiesstudentshave.P剃ectSinConlpleXInS仇】dionrequ沁a埘deVari啊ofroles锄d幽lls,andteacherSpo缸outhoweVerystudentisgoodatsom砌ngmathelps廿le目?oupsucceed.CompleXhlstructionhaspanicul砌ybeenusediIlbilingualeducation锄dinheterogeneollSclaSsescontajllinglan目lageminori够stIldents,wherematedalsareoRenavailableiIlSpaIliShaSwellasEn百ish.2Te口m-Accel啪tedInst珈ction(’rAI)(2)(1)venIlette,PamJ.(1998).Mal(ingcooperativele删ngwork:studentte锄sinK-12classrooms.N.J.:PremiceHml(2)Shar觚,S11l锄o,ed(1990).Cooperativeleanling:theoD,锄dresearch.NY:Prauger331’e锄.AcceleratedInstruction(Slavin,谢mskjlls1985)aIlwasdesignedtocombineⅡlemotivationalincentiveof争oupapl)ropriateindiVidualizedillstructionalpro铲锄And2LlsofortlleleVelofpossessedbyeach咖dent.Te锄一acceleratedIIls仃uctionisspeciallynotdesi印edtoteachma:cllematicstostudentsiIl罂面es3—6(orolder曲lldentsreadyfora砌lalgebracourse).sequenceaccordingofaIIlT.eam.AcceleratedIIlstmction,studemstoaenter觚iIldividllalplacememontestaIldtllenproceedatt11eiro、Ⅳnrates.Ingene词,memberste锄wofkhelpdjfferent蚰its.Teammatesa110tller谢t11arecheckeachother’sworkusillgansweraresheets锄doneanyproblems.FinalunitteStsstudenttal【en晰t110utscoreste猢ates’helpandScoredabymonitors.Te锄s、ⅣhoSefomofacenificate.meet锄objectiVecriterionreceivegrouprewafdinthe3CooperativeIntegratedReadingandComposition(CIRC)(1)aC00perativeIntegmtedReadingandCompositionisteacllingreadinga11dcomprehensiVepro口amforWitingint11eelementaryaIldusemiddle伊ades(Madden,Slavillora11dStevens,1986).InCIRC,teachersnoVelsbasalreaders.studentsareassi印edtote锄s舶mte锄sonat、voormoredifrerentreadinglevels.studentsworkinpairswithint11eironeseriesofcogIlitiVelyengagiIlgacti啊ties,iIlcludingreadingt0abouthownallratiVeresponsesstories、析llberes01Ved,practicing锄otller,mal(ingpredictionsoneSl】mmarizingstoriestoa110ther,、枷tingt0咖ries,趾dspellillg,decoding,锄dVocabula巧.Studentsalso、№rkideasanddevelopotllercomprehensionskills.IIlmostintheirte锄stom撤ermaillCmCaCtivities,咖dentsfollowasequenceofteacherS’inSnll嘶on,te锄u血ltlleirarepractice,te锄pre-aSsessmem,a11dtearnInateshavequiz.Studentsdonotta】ke血equizaredt池minedontllatt11eyready.Te锄rewardsofalla11dcenificate百ventote锄sbasedt11eaVerageperf-0mallceonte锄members0nallreadillgand、)vri血gaCtivitieS.Because咖dentsworkmatedmsappropriatet0t11eirreading(1)Slavill,RobenE(1995).cooperativele锄jng:t11eoⅨresearchaIldpmctice.Bosto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