The+Application+of+Cooperative+Learning+in+English+Classroom+in+the+Western+Rural+Areas - 图文 下载本文

Chapter4Ap加cati伽ofCo叩era蜥eLeamillgininEng陋hClassWesternRuralAreas4.1Pnpanti蚰sforappbingcoopemti’,‘eleamingcan1kpreparationWorkofcooperatiVelearIlingisnecessa巧aIldcooperatiVe1earIling,some110tbei印ored.Before印plyiIlgprep删iollSShouldbedone1ikethis:irltogroups.Students4.1.1Fon吡ing掣mupsRalldomselectionisnl】mber丘Dmoneawayt0organize咖demsc觚drawatoace埘nn啪ber(itd印endsonhowmanygroupstllereare)forte锄2Lssi印ment.AgroupconsistsofpeoplewhohaVet11eriskoftllecreationons锄enUllIlber.HoweVer,four10westmdomselectionr吼s也eof“loser'’teaIlls(tlleacllieversinⅡleclaSsroommayenduplucktlles锄ete锄ifmeauschoiceislent0t11eoftlle帆)Soweshouldt巧tousetllisl(indofgroupingfewaSpossible.orSelfselection,、Ⅳhichmeansstudentscouldchoosetlleir伊oupswitllaccordingt0theirownt11eir伍endsimere瓯isaIlotllermemodforgrouping.Andselfselectionreinforcillgs切tlls11ierarclliesint11eclaSsroommnsastl.ongriskofpromotingor(“in一”and“out—groups’,).Homogeneoust0i11teractandte锄isnecessa巧becauseeachit谢llgiVelli曲acllieVerstlleoppo枷哆te锄ischallenge谢tllorot圭1er.触so,itc锄百Vet11elowacllievers吐leopportllllitiest0show11isherabil埘ofleadersllip.ButifhomogeneouSausedtoooften,thegroupsmadeupbylowacllievers、航llhaVefeelingoff越lure.thilll【呻willo血ersare10senleiri11_teresti11thestudyoreVengiveuptllesubjeCt舔也eyal啪ysbetl|erⅡlaIltllemandtlleyneverhaVe也ecllancetosucceed.7IkhetI咖geneouSt锄isa111i玎oroftheclaSsroom,iIlclu血岛t0也esome血【lesa11possiblee灿ent,lligll,Iniddle,andlowlinguisticacllievers,boysandgirls,andofe蚵candweuseddivers咄HetemgeneityseversaSaIlacllieV锄entleVelsmaXiInizespositiVepeertu.toring锄daidtoclassroommallagemeIIt.Sof-or“sresearchheterogeneouste锄iIl印plyingcoopemtiVele锄ing.394.1.2Gmupsi跹HowbigshouldoftlleclaSstote锄sbe?Te锄soffourareideal.Groupsoffourallowone—founllpmducel锄guageaSatanytime.Theyallowpairwork,wlliChdoubletopanicipationa11dopentwicet11ree.Thereare廿lreedoublesmanylinesofcommullicationcomparedte锄sofreasonswhyteamsoffouraremoste行IectiVe.(1)Pairallworktlle锄oulltofpanicipation.Wi廿l印upsoft11ree,nlereissocialpsycholog)rofaoddpersonouta谢tllpairwork.(2)Tllegroupof缸eeisoRenpaira11d孤out.(3)omside.TwopeoplellititofraIldtaJktoeachotheroRen,1eaving0ne1eRCompared诵廿lagroupoft11ree,agroupoffourdoublestlleprobabili锣of觚notleadoptiIllumcogllitiVea11dlinguiStictomismatch.Te锄stomanage.la玛ertllaIlfouroRendoenou曲participationandareharderSoaccordillgtotllepdnciplesofheterogeneousdividedte锄,tlleeXperimentalclassisnotvv舶ty-onegr01lpsa11deachgroupcontainscaIlonehi曲aclliever,铆omiddleacllieversandonelowacllieveLItStlldent12GroupABbeshownaStllefollowing:~一殂1UUT挖2乃3—一铊2钙3AAB钳4一—够8斛4UU65——T8384BABesidesnlesizeoftllegroup,t11eteacherShouldalsoconsiderfactorint11e础oofseXasagroupillg.Makecansuretllateachgrouphasbomboys觚dgirlsaccordingly.7nlent11eteacherletstudemsdecidethearen锄esofdi虢rentgroupsarebythemselVes.Ofcourse,EngliShn锄eseIlcouragedtouse.Astllestudems011lyiIljunior莎adeone,theydonotknowt00muchEn酶sh.Sot11eteachercano舵rtllenecessaDrhelpiftheyneed.Also,t11egroupsmayhaVet11eirThesuccess如lpoimindiVidinggroupisthateachgroupiscomposedofoneo、vns皿b01siftlleylike.isatt11eeach鲫ups锄elevel雒onehi曲acllieVer’twoonmiddleaCKeVersandlowaClliever.So也eSuccessoft11egroupdependshowhardeachm锄berw()rks.Thepoimt11atcouldbei1IlproVedist11attheteachercoulddosomechaIlgesaCcordin百yfor也eneXttime.Forex锄ple,therearemoreboysthan百rlsaintlleclass,soitisiIIlpossibletohaveequal锄oulltofboysaIldgirlsingroup.As咖dentsareat也eors切geoftllepube咄someoftlleseXsmdents、Ⅳouldfeellonelyifhesheisnle011lyoneofdi虢rentintllegroup.IIltheexperimentalclass,t11erewaSgirlwhowasa印upiIlW11ichtherewaSoIdyaaVe叮shy.MorejustoRent11all110t,shewaS觚obseⅣer锄dlistener,notapanicipallt.AndshestIDodbackfomthegroupwork.Sot11eteacherch锄gedaboyiIltllegroup谢tha百d丘omtlleomergroup.BydoingSo,eachstlmentiIl也egroupwaSexpectedtopanicipateingroup、Ⅳ0rka11dc0眦uIlicate谢n1劬ermembers4.1.3ofmegroup.ofthegmupsRIⅪonstmctionareIfteamscaremllydesignedbythecanteacher,tlle咖ileIltscall曲aytogetllerforalongtimea11dt11eylleterogeneollSle啪howtostlldytogetller.Int:heexperime力【talclaSs,也efiVeorte锄swereusuallychangedenablesstudentstomersiXweekseVeniftlley、Ⅳere劬ctioI血g、Ⅳe11.T11ist瑚sfert11eirnewsociala11dacademicsbllstonewsituationS.Italsoofrersthemtheopportuni哆togetpeoplein目.oups.Intllis、ⅣaSalong砸thdi行-erentexp嘶ment,weusedtllefollowingmemodinch锄giI培tllete锄s,W11ichkepttllebomeasyandconveniellt.Whennewte锄wc鹏tobefo珊ed,wejustorinsidewheelfixed,wllichmeantt11elowaclliever蚰巧edwherehewe、ⅣouldrotateⅡ1enextWheeloneshew嬲.Thenaheadandmemirdonewheel铆oa:head,WMchmeamt11emiddleacllieverScouldprogressoutsideⅥ,heel、vouldberotatedt11reecouldpm孕esstllreeacllievers、Ⅳereacllieverswere111iscaIlonalldtwroStepsrespectiVely.F砌lyⅡ1elli曲achjeverbj曲fomled.Becausest印sallead.natistosay,t11est印s.Int11iswa弘menewte锄swouldbeontlleoutsidering,middleacllieVersweretheinside,theasIIliddlerings,a11dlowonte锄sremainedheterogeneous心ert11erotation.beshowntllef01lowing:’I℃am1lnitialAssi驴m蚰tFo珊ationWheel//、\\\\\///42