experience.
3. How far do you agree with Jefferson that only a nation of educated people could remain free? Discuss.
4. Mention two or three of Jefferson's ideas. Are these ideas interesting to modern youth? Give your reasons for your answer.
Vocabulary
5 choose the right word to complete the following sentences: 1. besides/ except
(a) There are in China over fifty nationalities(民族) besides the Hans. (b) The windows were never opened except to air the room for a few minutes in the morning. (c) What other things were invented in ancient China besides the compass(指南针)?
2. accept/ receive
(a) So far the gardeners have received no instructions as to what to do next. (b )Mrs. Brown asked me to go to her daughter's concert and I accepted her invitation with pleasure.
(c) Rosa received a gift from Simon yesterday, but did not accepted it.
3. invent/ discover
(a) It was in 1492 that Columbus discovered America. (b) The telephone, which was invented by Bell in 1876, was a great improvement on the telegraph(电报).
(c) Gilbert discovered electricity, but Edison invented the light bulb(灯泡).
6 some adjectives, especially those that begin with a-, can only be used predicatively, e.g. alike, alive, alone, asleep, astir(轰动起来), awake Fill in the blanks with the adjectives given above: 1. The two brothers are only alike in appearance. 2. Mother found Mike still asleep when she came into his room at eight in the morning. 3. In spite of the hard winter, the roses in our garden are still alive. 4. I got a splitting headache(剧烈的头痛). It kept me awake the whole night. 5. Mrs. Stone was really quite alone in the world except for an aged aunt in Philadelphia. 6. The whole nation was astir when news came that China's first manmade satellite had been successfully launched.
7 Replace the underlined parts in the following sentences with words or expressions from the text: 1. The values of American teenagers often differ from those of their parents. 1. conflict with
2. An employee(雇员) who fails to carry out his or her assigned tasks on time will be considered unreliable. 2. perform
3. Though he was generally acknowledged(公认为) to be very competent(能干的), his co-workers felt bitter about his rapid promotion in the company. 3. resented
4. I must go back; I've forgotten to bring my car keys. 4. left (my keys) behind
5. His country made a strategic mistake which led to its defeat in the war. 5. error
6. Frequently shifting(移动) one's body from one position to another may be seen as a sign of nervousness.
6. Constantly
7. Leonardo da Vinci not only produced great works of art, he also was a brilliant scientist. 7. created
8. It was through his uncle's influence that Philip got his position with the biggest oil company in the country. 8. obtained
9. Today's students need to learn language skills, computer know-how and so on, but most important of all they need to learn how to be an honest and responsible citizen. 9. above all
10. Her nephew speaks English, German, French, Japanese and Chinese. He really has a gift for language learning. 10. talent
8 Fill in the blanks with the words or expressions given below. Change the form where necessary. Custom act on appoint humble threaten Latter in existence leave to origin influence Perform owe to hesitate go out of one's way
1. A man of humble origin , Lincoln eventually became President of the United States through his own efforts.
2. The floods are threatening most of the villages in the area. 3. Many species(种) of animals which once lived on the earth are no longer in existence. 4. Once he realizes that it is his mistake, Jim never hesitates to admit and correct it. 5. The custom of having one's marriage arranged by parents has disappeared in many parts of the world but continues in some Asian and African countries.
6. History shows that the United States as a nation owes a great deal to the Afro-Americans(美国黑人).
7. Acting on the advice of his doctor, Mr. Park had his eye operated on right after he retired last week.
8. There is no sense(道理) in leaving important decisions to inexperienced people. 9. Noticing that my daughter was very shy, our hostess went out of her way to make her feel at home.
10. Mrs. Brown, who has recently been appointed general manager of our company, is one of the most capable women I have ever worked with.
11. My friend Joe is an experienced doctor. He can be trusted to been appointed the delicate(难做的) operations.
12. Martin Luther King and Malcolm X were both leaders in Afro Americans' struggle for equal rights; the former a supporter of non-vio-lent struggle, and the latter an advocate(鼓吹者) of revolution.
13. I don't want to influence you. You must act on your own judgment. 14. Mohandas Gandhi was known as both a humble man and a powerful leader.
9 Rewrite each of the following sentences, using the words given in brackets: 1. Many authors do not use their real names when they publish their books. (false)
1. Many authors use a false name when they publish their books. 2. I is now believed that human life on earth began in Africa. (origin)
2. The origin of human life on earth is now believed to have been in Africa.
3. The book was translated from Chinese into English under the supervision (指导) of the author himself.
3. The book was translated from Chinese into English under the personal supervision of the author.
4. In spite of the personal participation of the President, opinions remained divided at the conference.
(fail, produce, agreement)
4. In spite of the personal participation of the President, the conference failed to produce agreement.
5. Many Americans choose to travel by car rather than by any other means of transportation(运输工具).
5. Many Americans prefer to travel by car over any other means of transportation. 6. Watches turned out in their factory are of much poorer quality than those made in yours. (superior)
6. Watches made in your factory are far superior in quality to those turned out in theirs.
Word Building
10 Translate the following phrases into English, using the compound adjectives given below: down-to-carth wait-and-see out-and-our out-of-the-way up-to-date life-and-death
word-for-word never-to-be-forgotten face-to-face divide-and-rule 1. 期等着瞧的态度
1. a wait-and-see attitude 2. 生死搏斗
2. a life-and-death struggl 3. 求实精神
3. a down-to-earth spirit 4. 彻头彻尾的谎言
4. an out-and-out lie 5. 偏僻的山村
5. an out-of-the-way mountain village 6. 面对面的谈话
6. a face-to-face talk
7. 分而治之的政策
7. a divide-and-rule policy 8. 最新式的机器
8. up-to-date machines 9. 农字翻译
9. word-for-word translation 10. 永远不会忘记的夜晚
10. a never-to-be-forgotten night
11 Fill in the blanks with the adjectives given below: self-sufficient(自已自定的) self-conscious(害羞的) self-educated self-respecting self-made self-supporting
1. Sophia is too self-conscious to be a good actress. 2. Since the opening up of the Daqing oilfield, we have been self-sufficient in oil. 3. The self-educated young man has translated two English novels into Chinese. 4. No self-respecting man could agree to do such a thing. 5. Mrs. Smith plans to retire from office as soon as all her children are self-supporting . 6. A self-made man is one who succeeds through his own efforts.
12 Form verbs by adding -en to the nouns given below and then put them in the blanks to complete the following sentences. Change the form where necessary. Model: threat
If you will only do this, you may understand the revolution that is threatening France. Strength, haste, length, height, fright, heart 1. We will not be frightened by threats. 2. The new owner of the house was so tall that the doorway(门道) had to be heightened before he moved in.
3. A sure way to strengthen your muscles is to practise weight lifting. 4. His last year's trousers are now outgrown and need lengthening/to be lengthened a little. 5. The death of Mr. Black hastened the final breaking up of the family. 6. We were greatly heartened by the news that the Chinese mountaineers had succeeded in conquering the highest peak on earth.
Structure
13 Rewrite the following sentences after the model, omitting whatever can be committed without change of meaning.
Model: When he was still a young man, he was appointed to that position. When still a young man, he was appointed to that position.
1. Although he was advanced in years, Thomas Edison remained as active and creative as many young people.
1. Although advanced in years, Thomas Edison remained as active and creative as many young people.
2. While she was still at college, Miss Leacock had her first novel published. 2. While still at college, Miss Leacock had her first novel published.