小词不可忽视-冠词、介词、数词和代词
第一组
Ⅰ. 语法填空
(2018·长郡中学新高三实验班选拔考试)
Traditional Chinese wedding customs have been around for thousands of years. They may vary from place to place and time to time，but have been holding an important position in the lives of Chinese people， __1. causing__ (cause) a far－reaching impact on the way the Chinese lead their lives. The traditional Chinese marriage usually __2. involves__ (involve) some necessary procedures，such as match－making，engagement，meeting the bride，and three bows. __3. In__ addition，a typical Chinese wedding nowadays goes like this—when a new couple is engaged， __4. what__ follows is a __5. choice__ (choose) of the date of their marriage.
Most people would favor a holiday or special Chinese festival for their relatives and friends __6. to attend__ (attend) the wedding. However，quite a few others，especially __7. those__ in the countryside，would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have “Double Happiness”. The wedding ceremony is usually hosted __8. warmly__ (warm) and the wedding ceremony very often ends with __9. a__ unique banquet. Toasts are made to wish the new couple long life，everlasting love and happiness，early birth of a __10. healthy__ (health) baby and so on.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国的婚俗习惯。
? 解析：考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处表示自然而然的结果，主语They和动词cause之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词作状语。
? 解析：考查主谓一致。根据该句中的usually可知，此处表示经常发生的动作，故用一般现在时；主语The traditional Chinese marriage为第三人称单数，故谓语动词应用单数形式。
? 解析：考查固定搭配。In addition为固定搭配，意为“此外，除此外”。 ? 解析：考查主语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，故用what引导该主语从句。
? 解析：考查名词。根据空前的不定冠词a可知，空处应用名词形式。
? 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据语境可知，空处表示目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。
? 解析：考查代词。根据语境可知，空处指那些在农村地区的人，表示复数，故用代
词those。
? 解析：考查副词。空处修饰动词hosted，用副词形式。
? 解析：考查冠词。空后的banquet为可数名词，表示泛指，且unique的发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。
10 解析：考查形容词。空处修饰后面的名词baby，表示“一个健康的婴儿”，故用形○
容词healthy。
Ⅱ. 短文改错
(2018·江西赣中南五校联考)Dear Peter，
I’m very glad to receive your e－mail asking for information about the host family we have arranged you to stay with.
Locating in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood，the house was big enough to enable you to have a room of your own. Apart from the convenient public transportation，our private car will make your visit easy. Because all the family members can speak fluently English and have outgoing personalities，I’m sure you will have no trouble communicate with them. Above all，they hosted the American student last year，through that they gained lots of experience. In addition to，the hostess cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.
Hope you enjoy your stay there.
Yours， Li Hua
答案： Dear Peter，
I’m very glad to receive your e－mail asking for information about the host family we have arranged ∧ you to stay with.
for
Locating in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, the house was big enough to Locatedisenable you to have a room of your own. Apart from the convenient public transportation, our private car will make your visit easy. Because all the family members can speak theirfluently English and have outgoing personalities, I’m sure you will have no trouble fluentcommunicate with them. Above all, they hosted the American student last year, communicatinganthrough that they gained lots of experience. In addition to , the hostess cooking
whichhostess’will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food.
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Hope you enjoy your stay there.
Yours， Li Hua
? 解析：you前加for。考查固定短语。arrange for sb. to do sth. 意为”安排某人做某事”，为固定搭配。
? 解析：Locating改为Located。考查非谓语动词。be located in. . . 意为“坐落于……”，为固定短语，在句中作状语，故填located。
? 解析：was改为is。考查时态。此处是在介绍这个家庭的基本情况，表示客观事实，故用一般现在时。
? 解析：our改为their。考查代词。文章是“我”在为Peter介绍他所要寄宿的家庭的情况，与下文中的“them”相照应，故应将our改为their。
? 解析：fluently改为fluent。考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词fluent作定语修饰English。
? 解析：communicate改为communicating。考查固定短语。have no trouble (in)doing sth. 意为”做某事没有困难”，为固定搭配，故用动词－ing形式作宾语。
? 解析：the改为an。考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词；又因American的发音以元音音素开头，故将the改为an。
? 解析：that改为which。考查定语从句。在定语从句中，介词后跟关系代词which/whom。结合语境可知，关系词表示前面整件事，故将that改为which。
? 解析：删除to。考查介词。由语境可知，此处应用In addition表示“此外”，故将介词to删除。in addition to为介词短语，后跟名词、代词或动词－ing作宾语，不可单独使用。
10 解析：hostess改为hostess’○。考查名词所有格。这里指女主人的厨艺，应用名词所有格。
第二组
Ⅰ. 语法填空
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)
She looks like any other schoolgirl，fresh－faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A－level course . But unlike her school friends ,16－year－old Sarah is not spending half－term __1. resting__ (rest). Instead，she is earning ￡6500 a day as __2. a__ model in New York.
Sarah __3. has been told/was told__ (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter,44，wants her to give up school to model fulltime But Sarah， __4. who__ has taken part in shows
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along with top models wants __5. to prove__ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty she is determined to carry on with her __6. education__ (educate).
She has turned down several __7. invitations__ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full－time before going to university to get a degree __8. in__ engineering or architecture.
Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment，school __9. comes__ (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is __10. certainly__ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model my more. ”
文章大意：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了16岁的Sarah在上学的同时兼职做模特，并且取得了巨大的成功；虽然她父亲希望她当全职模特，但是Sarah仍然坚持要完成学业。
? 解析：考查固定搭配。spend time doing sth. 是固定搭配，故填resting。 ? 解析：考查冠词。该空后面model是可数名词单数，此处表示“作为一名模特”，故填a。
? 解析：考查动词时态和语态。此处动词tell与Sarah是被动关系，因为第二段在讲述父亲和Sarah的想法时都是用现在时，因此可以用现在完成时表达过去对现在的影响，故可以填has been told。此外，“被告知”这件事情发生在过去，故也可填was told。
? 解析：考查定语从句。此句Sarah是主语，wants是主句谓语，因此可以判断此处是非限制性定语从句，先行词为Sarah，从句中缺主语且指人，故填who。
? 解析：考查非谓语动词。want to do是固定搭配，故填to prove。
? 解析：考查词性转换。形容词性物主代词her后需用educate的名词形式，故填education。
? 解析：考查名词单复数。invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，要用复数形式，故填invitations。
? 解析：考查介词。degree与介词in搭配，表示在某方面的学位。故填in。 ? 解析：考查动词时态。全文均为现在时，且school是第三人称单数，故填comes。 10 解析：○考查副词。此处fun是名词，但空处修饰整个句子，作状语，故填certainly。 Ⅱ. 短文改错
(2018·湖北省八校高三第一次联考)
It is essential to take an useful summer vacation after the exam. There are many kinds of activity for us to take part. First，we can visit our relatives and friends or spend a happily time with our family. Second，seeing a film，listening to music or hang out with our friends will also be excited. Third，we should take more exercise
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