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语法一 从句

一、定语从句 1．

修饰某一名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。

2． 连接词that/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why/as What/how>< 既起连接作用/有充当句子成分 3． 先行词 n./pron ---被定语从句修饰的 根据先行词选择连接词 物：which/that//whose 人：who/whom/that/whose 时间：when/which/that 地点：where/which /that

Reason: 从句完整why/for which；从句不完整which/that/-- Way: 从句完整 in which/that/--; 从句不完整which/that/-

I don’t like the way in which/that/-- you speak to your parents.

He found the way which/that was reasonable to solve the problem. 当先行词与连接词后面的名词n存在所属关系时（…的） 物：whose+n.=of which +the +n.=the +n.+of which 人：whose +n.=of whom +the +n.= the +n.+ of whom The room, of which the window faces south is mine. The girl, whose father died is our monitor.

4． 只能用that 不能用which

（1）当先行词是不定代词，如all，everything，anything，nothing，much，few，little，none，the one等。 All that can be done has been done. （2）先行词被all, few，little，no，every 等词修饰时。

There is no difficulty that we can’t overcome. （3）先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。 This is the first letter that I’ve written in Japanese. （4）先行词被the only, the very, the last 等修饰时

This is the very book that I am looking for. （5）当先行词既有人又有物时。

They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited. （6）当先行词是系动词be后面的表语或连接词本身是从句的表语时。

China isn’t the country that she used to be 50 years ago. （7）当主句是以who，which或what开头的特殊疑问句时。

Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop？ 5． 6．

永远不用that 介词/逗号之后

当先行词是时间/地点时 when /where /that/which/--

When=介词+which=介词+时间 Where=介词+which = 介词+地点 Which/that= 时间/地点

当从句完整时，用When/ Where/介词+which 当从句不完整时，用which/that/--

e.g. I still remember the days that/which/-- we spent at the seaside last summer. 7. as与which的比较：

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（1）在非限制性定语从句中，均可替代整个主句. 如从句在主句之后，两者皆可用；如从句在主句之前，用as。

They failed in the exam，as/which is natural.

As is known to all，the earth moves around the sun. （2）as“正如??，就像??”

Which “这一点/这个/这件事”

He is careless, which caused the accident. He is late again, as/which we expected.

8. 当先行词被the same，such，so修饰时，

This is the same book as you bought yesterday. 同一类

…………………… .that……………………… 同一个

This was so difficult a problem as we couldn’t work out.（后面句子不完整） This was so difficult a problem that we couldn’t work it out.（后面句子完整） This was such a difficult problem ………… 二、名词性从句 陈述语序

主语从句What I say is true

宾语从句He won’t believe what I say. 表语从句That is what I said.

同位语从句I told them the news that Rockets won the game today.

区别什么从句应看主句，主句不完整时从句肯定是名词性从句。主句完整时，从句可能是定语从句，状语从句，或者同位语从句。

I have forgotten where we went yesterday.

Where we went yesterday is covered with all kinds of flowers. Oh! This is where we came yesterday. This is the place where we came yesterday.

Here, he made the promise that he would come here 10 years later. I will make a mark where he made the promise.

需要用什么引导词看从句。名词性从句中缺什么意思用什么意思的引导词; 缺名词性成份时，指人用who/whom，指物用what; 不缺意思和成份时用that。That 只有在宾语从句中可以省略。 It 经常在句中当形式主语、宾语，代替真正的主语、宾语，以避免头重脚轻。

It is pretty well understood ___ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out of the atmosphere today. 表“是否”时只用whether不用if:

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1. 2.

Whether the president will come is not known yet. (主从) The problem is whether we need it.（表从）

3. The problem whether we will build another school hasn’t been settled. （同位语从句）

4. He was worried about whether he passed the English examination. （介词之后） 5. It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. （whether… or /or not） 6. I don’t know whether to go.（动词不定式之前） 三、状语从句

(主句完整，从句和主句之间不存在修饰关系的，一般就是状从） 1关于when/while/as 都有“当…时”

Be about to do…. When … Be doing … when… Had just done… when…

Be on the point of doing … when…

When==since 2 while He likes pop music while I am fond of classical music. (而)

Mary asked me to care for her pet while she was away. （当…时） While I understand what you say, I can’t agree with you. （虽然） 3 as

A. 随着+句子 as time went by as the economy develops With the exam coming/drawing near /approaching B. 像 + 句子 It looks a little ugly as it is . C. 作为 +短语

treat / regard / consider / think of / look on …… as (把 … 作为…来对待） D. 因为+句子 because /since/for

As you are Senior 3 students, you should spare no effort / pains to study. E. 正如 / 就像

As is known to all/we all know, Taiwan belongs to China.

As an old saying goes, it’s not until the Dragon Boat Festival that we can put away warm clothes. F. 虽然 + 句子（倒装）= though 放句首 E. 表语提前

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Young as/though he is, he speaks English fluently. Child as he is, he knows a lot. （冠词去掉） H. 副词提前

Much as he likes her, he dare not tell her.

=Although(>

Try as she may, she still couldn’t convince her parents that she was more suitable for a lawyer than a teacher. J. 补语提前

Pleasant as they made it to travel, we felt tired after the long journey. 4.关于since/before/until

It is/has been several months since we last spent the holiday in the country together. It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. Before

He left before I could say “thank you” to him. 来不及 Three years passed before I knew it. 才 It won’t be long before we have a monthly exam. It will be ten years before we meet again. It was ten years before they met again. 5.Until/till (主句谓语持续性) Not… until…(主句谓语短暂性) 6.关于“一…就”