培生学堂 八年级下

间、金钱”等无生命的东西。 e.g. All the money ran out by me.

3) sth. run out 表示“某物用尽了，用完了” e.g. Our food will soon run out.

2. I take after my mother. Take after意为“像；与···相像”，指由于血缘关系而在外貌、性格等方面相似，相当于be similar to， 其中after 是介词，其后常接名词或代词 e.g. Your daughter doesn’t take after you at all. 【拓展】

1) look like意为“看上去像···”，多指外貌 e.g. You look like my brother.

2) be like意为“像···”， 可指外貌，也可指性格 e.g. What is your sister like?

3. I repaired it.

Repair及物动词，意为“修理，修补，修缮（房屋）” e.g. He repairs old furniture. 辨析：repair, mend与fix

1) repair比fix和mend更正式，常用于表示修补破损或有洞的东西 e.g. Mary repaired the radio just for the fun of it.

2) mend着重修补衣服上的洞、道路、屋顶或围栏等 e.g. My mother mended clothes for me yesterday.

3) fix侧重于“安装”，有时也用作“修理”，常用于指修理机器、车辆等 e.g. The workers are fixing the machine.

4. I’m similar to her.

1) similar形容词，意为“相似的；相仿的” e.g. My best friend and I have similar hobbies. 2) be similar to意为“与···相似/相仿” e.g. My new dress is similar to yours. 【拓展】

Be similar in sth. 意为“在某方面相似/相仿” e.g. The two buildings are similar in style.

5. Who wrote the letter to Miss Li? 1) letter可数名词，“信，函” e.g. Tom, here is a letter for you.

2) write the letter to sb. 相当于write to sb. 意为“给某人写信” e.g. I am writing the letter to my friend Do you often write to your friends? 【拓展】

1) receive a letter from sb. 与hear from sb. 同义， 意为“收到某人的来信” e.g. I often hear from my friends.

培生学堂 八年级下

2) letter作可数名词，表示“字母”的意思 e.g. Write down these letters, please.

6. I’m sure you know that this group was set up to help disabled people like me.

Disabled形容词，意为“丧失能力的，有残疾的”，它是动词disable（使···丧失能力）加后缀ed构成的

e.g. We should help disabled people.

It’s important to make fun of a disabled man.

7. Lucky makes a big difference to my life.

Make a difference to 意为“对···产生影响”，difference前面可加修饰词，如big, great等，to是介词，其后可接名词、代词或动名词

e.g. Education can make a big difference to the quality of a person’s life. The accident has made a great difference to his life. 【拓展】

Make no difference意为“对···没有影响” e.g. It makes no difference to me.

8. Or imagine you can’t walk or use your hands easily.

Imagine动词，意为“想象，设想”，其后接名词、代词、动名词或宾语从句 e.g. Can you imagine life on the moon?

I can hardly imagine Peter sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

9/ Most people would never think about this, but many people have these difficulities. Difficulity作名词，意为“困难；难题”，其形容词为difficult，意为“困难的” 【拓展】

1) Difficulty表示抽象意义上的“困难”时，是不可数名词 e.g. Bad planning will lead to difficulty later.

2) have difficulty in doing sth. 表示“在做某事方面有困难” e.g. I had great difficulty (in) doing the work.

10. Opening and closing doors, or carrying things are difficult for me . 1) open 动词，意为“打开，张开”，反义词为close e.g. open the window, open your mouth Open与turn on 辨析：

Open指将原来关着的东西打开，turn on 指转动或推上开关等打开 2) carry及物动词，意为“拿，提，扛”

e.g. He always carries a small box in his hand. Carry, bring, take的用法辨析：

Carry不表示动作的方向，一般指随身携带，如“扛、提、运”等 e.g. Please carry the bag for me.

Bring 指把人或物从别处带到说话者所在的地方 e.g. Bring the book to me, please.

Take指把人或物从说话者的地方带到别处去 e.g. Take my box to the room.

培生学堂 八年级下

【拓展】

Open 还可用作形容词，主要用法如下： 1) 开着的，反义词为closed e.g. All the doors are open. 2) 开张的，营业的

e.g. The shop is open from 9am to 6am. 3) 开放的

e.g. Our country is open to the world now.

11. Then one day last year, a friend of mine helped me out

1) a friend of mine指“我的一位朋友”，是双重所有格，相当于one of my friends. 2) help sb. out指“帮助某人摆脱困境；帮助某人解决难题” e.g. Help them out as possible as you can.

12. I was excited about the idea of having a dog. 1) excited形容词，意为“兴奋的，激动的”，可作表语或定语，作表语时，主语一般是表示“人”的名词或代词；作定语时，一般修饰表示“人”的名词或代词 e.g. Tom was excited after hearing of the good news. The excited children are opening their presents. Excited与exciting的用法辨析：

Excited意为“兴奋的，激动的”，多用于修饰人；exciting意为“使人兴奋的，刺激的”，修饰物

e.g. The boy was excited when he heard the exciting news. 2) be excited about 意为“对···感到兴奋、激动” e.g. I was excited about going to the zoo.

13. Lucky is very clever and understands many English words.

Understand既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，意为“理解；领会；明白” e.g. Do you understand me?

He doesn’t understand English. 【拓展】

1） understand后可接从句：

e.g. I understand you’re going to teach American Chinese. 2) make oneself understood意为“让某人了解自己的意思” e.g. I can’t make myself understood in English.

单元练习

Ⅱ.单项填空（30分）

21.Our parents often tell us not alone in the river in summer. A.swim B.to swim C.swimming D.swam 22.The father is creative enough so many nice toys for his daughter. A.buying B.making C.to buy D.to make 23.I often saw the boys in the river. A.swam B.swimming C.to swim D.swim

培生学堂 八年级下

24.It takes me two hours my homework every day. A.doing B.to do C.did D.does 25.The glass of water is too hot. Would you please give me some cold water ? A.drink B.drinking C.to drink D.drunk 26.It’s easy the problem.

A.for him solve B.for him to solve C.of him solving D.of him to solve 27. is not easy to look after a little baby. A.The B.What C.It D.How 28.I hope you next Sunday. A.see B.to see C.sees D.seeing 29.Uncle Ted was very rich. But now he has no place to . A.live B. live on C.live in D.live with 30.—Could you please pass me the book?— A.Yes, I could. B.No, I couldn’t. C.Sure, here you are. D.No, that’s no problem. 31.—What are you doing, Uncle Wang?

—I’m sorting out old books and I’ll to kids in West China. A.give them up B.give them away C.give them off D.give them in 32.We found necessary to protect animals in danger. A.it B.this C.that D./ 33.You should smoking. It’s bad for your health. A.get up B.put up C.give up D.look up 34.Thank you for your ,otherwise I couldn’t finish my study. A.kind B.kindly C.kindness D.kinds 35.He is strong football. A.in play B.in playing C.at play D.at playing Ⅱ.完形填空（10分）

One day, Peter had a fight with one of his classmates. Then he went to his grandfather and told him his story 36 .“He is really bad，”the boy said,“and I 37 him.”

The grandfather said,“ 38 me tell you a story. When I was a boy, I too, sometimes hated others for what they did.”

As Peter 39 carefully, the grandfather went on.“There are always two tigers inside my heart. One is 40 and kind. He gets on well 41 everything around him. But 42 is bad and unfriendly. Even the smallest thing will make him angry. He fights with everyone all the time, and for no reason. He can’t think carefully 43 he always hates others. It is difficult to live with these two tigers inside my heart. They both try to control（控制）me.”

Peter looked into his grandfather’s 44 and asked,“ 45 tiger always controls you, Grandfather?”

The old man said slowly and seriously,“The one that I feed. I always feed the good and kind tiger, so I never hate others and seldom（很少）get angry now.” 36.A.happily B.friendly C.hardly D.angrily 37.A.love B.hate C.know D.enjoy 38.A.Make B.Help C.Let D.Ask 39.A.saw B.felt C.talked D.listened