培生学堂 八年级下

Unit 2 I’ll help to clean up the city parks.

Section A

1. You should help to clean up the city parks.

Clean up意为“彻底打扫；清除”，是“动词+副词”结构的短语动词，后面跟名词作宾格时，名词放在up前后均可，后面跟代词作宾格时，代词应当放在up前面。 e.g. He often helps parents clean up the rooms on weekends.

2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up.

Cheer up意为“变得更高兴，振奋起来”，是“动词+副词”结构的短语，cheer up既可以作及物动词短语，也可以作不及物动词短语

e.g. He cheered up at once when I agreed to help him. Cheer up! The news isn’t too bad.

He took her to the cinema to cheer her up.

【拓展】

1）cheer作不及物动词，意为“欢呼；喝彩” e.g. The girls cheered as the famous singer arrived. 2) cheer作及物动词，意为“为···欢呼，高呼” e.g. The whole village turned out to cheer the hero 3) cheer 作可数名词，意为“欢呼声，喝彩声”

e.g. We can hear the cheers of students outside the gym. 4) cheer on 意为“为···加油”

e.g. We will have a basketball game this afternoon. Would you like to come and cheer us on？ 【现学现练】

He failed in the math test and looks sad. Let’s _______

A. put him up B. set him up C. cheer him up D. clean him up

3. The boy could give out food at the food bank.

Give out 意为“散发，分发”，相当于“hand out”， 是“动词+副词”的短语动词 e.g. Can you give out the drinks out, please? 【拓展】

Give out 的不同含义：

1）give out 表示“发出（光、热、声音、气味等） e.g. The sun gives out light and heat to the earth. 2) give out表示“用完，耗尽”

e.g. Our food supplies began to give out.

4. The girl could volunteer in an after-school study program to teach kids.

Volunteer动词，意为“志愿做，义务做”，后可跟名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语 e.g. Jenny volunteered to clean up the room after party. 【拓展】

Volunteer作可数名词，意为“志愿者”

e.g. Can I have a volunteer to collect the glasses?

培生学堂 八年级下

5. We can’t put off making a plan

Put off意为“推迟”，是“动词+副词”的短语动词，其后可跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语 e.g. They put off the match because of the heavy rain. Please don’t put off doing your homework.

Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 【拓展】

由put构成的常见短语有：

Put away 将···收起来 put on 穿上；上演 put down 放下；记下 Put out 熄灭；伸出 put back 放回原处 put up 张贴；搭建

6. Let’s make some notices, too

Notice此处作可数名词，意为“公告牌；通告；布告” e.g. There is a notice on the wall, saying “No Parking” I’ll put up a notice about the meeting. 【拓展】

1）notice作不可数名词，意为“注意” e.g. Take notice of what they say.

2) notice 作动词，意为“注意到，留心，看到” e.g. Did you notice Jack come in ?

7. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be

Used to 意为“过去···， 曾经···”，后跟动词原形，表示“过去常常做某事”，指表示过去和现在的对比，暗指现在已经不存在的动作或状态 e.g. He used to work in the hospital. He didn’t use to walk after supper. 【拓展】

1) be used to do sth. 意为“被用于做某事”，不定式表目的 e.g. The book is used to teach us how to write. 2) be used for + n./ v.ing 表示“被用于···” e.g. A stamp is used for sending letters. 3) get/be used to doing sth.

e.g. He is used to eating out all the time.

8. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely.

Lonely是形容词，充当表语，指“孤独的”，用于人时，表示一种心理状态，突出内心孤独寂寞的感觉，侧重缺少同伴友谊而感到孤独、寂寞。含忧郁之意。 e.g. He felt very lonely without his friends.

9. ···give up several hours each week to help others.

Several作形容词，意为“几个，数个”，修饰可数名词复数

e.g. Several days later, Grandma came to the library to borrow some books. 【拓展】

Several作代词，意为“几个，数个”

培生学堂 八年级下

e.g. Excuse me, have you got any books about sports? --- Yes, we’ve got several. Several of us went there.

10. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animal get better and the look of joy on their owner’s faces.

1) Feeling在此用作可数名词，意为“感觉；感触” e.g. I’ve got a bad feeling.

It was a great feeling when a wild animal shows you affection. Feel还可用作连系动词，意为“觉得，感觉到” e.g. I felt very tired after running.

2) satisfaction 为不可数名词，意为“满意，满足”，其反义词是dissatisfaction. e.g. She smiled in satisfaction. 【拓展】

Satisfaction（名词，满意）---- satisfy （动词，使满意）---- satisfied （形容词，满意的） 1) be satisfied to do sth. 意为“对做某事感到满意” e.g. He was satisfied to win the match. 2) be satisfied with意为“对···感到满意” e.g. She was not satisfied with the result.

3) joy在此用作不可数名词，意为“高兴；愉快” e.g. Life is always full of joy. He jumped up with joy.

4) owner可数名词，意为“物主，主人” e.g. He is the owner of the car. 【拓展】

1) own 形容词，意为“自己的”，一般用于形容词性物主代词或名词所有格之后以加强语气。 e.g. I saw it with my own eyes.

2) own 及物动词，意为“有；拥有”，相当于have. e.g. He owns a big house.

3) of one’s own. 意为“属于某人自己的” e.g. At last I’ve got a big house of my own.

11. The kids are sitting in the library, but you can see in their eyes that they’re going on a different journey with each new book.

Journey意为“旅行；行程”，可数名词，一般指长途旅行 e.g. Life is a long journey from birth to death.

12. Our class is trying to come up with some ideas to cheer up sick children because they are often sad.

Sick形容词，意为“生病的；有病的”，其反义词为well. e.g. His sister was sick with a cold.

Sick作形容词时，还可表示“（想）呕吐的，恶心的” e.g. I always feel sick when I travel by ship. The smell makes him sick.

培生学堂 八年级下

【拓展】

Sick与ill的辨析：

Sick指“生病”时主要用于英式英语，可作定语也可作表语，表示“恶心；呕吐”时只用作表语 e.g. He is a sick man.

He began to feel sick as soon as the ship started to move.

Ill指“生病”时，主要用于美式英语，只用作表语，一般不作定语 e.g. He is ill and stays in bed.

13. For example, we can make plans to visit sick children in the hospital or raise money for homeless people.

Raise作及物动词，意为“筹集；征集”

e.g. They want to raise enough money for building a school. 【拓展】raise 的其他用法：

1) 作及物动词，意为“举起，抬起” e.g. Please raise your hands! 2) 作及物动词，意为“种植”

e.g. Their family raised a lot of corn. 3) 作及物动词，意为“饲养，供养” e.g. She likes to raise a dog.

14. I want to travel alone.

Alone作副词，意为“单独地；独自地” e.g. He likes living alone.

1) alone作副词，用在名词或代词之后，意为“只有；仅仅” e.g. He alone understands me.

2) alone作形容词，意为“独自的；单独的” e.g. She was alone in the dark room. 【拓展】

Alone与lonely辨析

Alone表示“单独的；肚子的”，指一个人或事物与其他的人或事物分开，不含感情色彩。 e.g. He is alone in the classroom

Lonely表示“孤独的，寂寞的”，指人时含有浓重的感情色彩，即因缺少朋友、同情、亲情而产生的一种孤独、悲伤和忧郁的感情。 e.g. She has few friends here and feels lonely.

Section B

1. I’ve run out of it.

Run out of是“动词+副词+介词”的短语，of后接宾语，主语通常是表示“人”的名词，也可用于某种能消耗物品的机器等，意为“···用完了···” e.g. I’ve run out of paper. 【拓展】

1) run out of 可表示“从···跑出来”的意思 e.g. The dog run out of the room.

2) run out 是“动词+副词”结构的不及物动词短语，意为“用完，用尽”，主语通常是表示“时