Unit 1 Hello, Hi

Unit Goals

1. Greet people and give responses: first meeting and meeting again 2. Exchange personal information: name/address/telephone number/job/study 3. Introduce people to each other 4. Meet people at the airport 5. Say goodbye to others 6. Say hello in different languages 7. Write a business card What should you know about

1. Etiquette of meeting and introducing people 2. Etiquette of exchanging business cards 3. Basic sentence structures Section I Talking Face to Face 1. Imitating Mini-Talks 2. Acting out the Tasks

3. Studying Email Information on the Internet 4. Following Sample Dialogues 5. Putting Language to Use Section II Being All Ears

1. Learning Sentences for Workplace Communication 2. Handling a Dialogue

3. Understanding a Short Speech / Talk

Section III Trying your Hand 1. Practicing Applied Writing

2. Writing Sentences and Reviewing Grammar Section IV Maintaining a Sharp Eye Passage 1 :

Information Related to the Reading Passage English Expressions Borrowed from French

Over the long years, the English language has borrowed a great number of French words or expressions. Some of them have been so absorbed in English that speakers might not realize their origin. Other expressions like “faux pas” have retained their “Frenchness”, with which speakers tend to sound modern. These expressions are often written in italics. The following are a few French expressions which are commonly used in English.

1. Faux Pas: It refers to a socially awkward or tactless act, a foolish mistake, something that should not be done. 失礼

2. au pair: A foreign female student who works for a family (cleaning and/or teaching the children) in exchange for room and board. 帮助料理家务换取住宿的外国女学生

3. Bon appétit: The closest English equivalent is “Enjoy your meal” . 用餐愉快 4. esprit de corps: It is similar to “group spirit” or “morale”. 团队精神

5. rendez-vous: In English it means “go to”. It can be used as a noun or a verb. 约会 6. RSVP: This abbreviation stands for Répondez, s'il vous pla?t, which means “Respond, please”.敬请回复

7. bon voyage: a way of saying goodbye and wishing good luck 一路平安

The Business Card: a Social Faux Pas

You, like most people, probably have been in such a situation where you are being asked for a business card, and while reaching for it ... and ... oops ... “I'm sorry, I must be out at the moment” or “they must be in my other bag” or “I left them at the office, I'm sorry,” and the conversation continues on with some sort of story about how this “never happens to me” or “I knew I was forgetting something this morning ...”

Missed connections are missed opportunities for business. Business cards are a useful marketing tool, and an easy one to have with you at all times. Not having your cards can be seen as being unprepared to market yourself and your business. Don't start that new contact leaving them thinking “that person is already unprepared”.

“Never leave home without it ...” There are so many things we often have to remember in this go-go world we are living in … but your business cards should ALWAYS be with you.

Here are a few tips for you to go take care of this right now, so you don't get caught in this situation:

? If you don't have a job, get Networking Cards.

? If you are employed, and haven't had new cards in 2 or more years,it could

be time for an update: info update and photo update ... ? Perhaps set a goal of handing out 5 cards a day.

? Practice what you will say when handing them out. On a daily basis, there

are so many opportunities to do so. Grocery store lines, coffee shops, waiting on your car wash, meetings, and even the dog park!

? Ask your network to network with and for you also by handing out a few! Work smarter, not necessarily harder! Language Points

1 Explanation of Difficult Sentences

1. (Para. 2) Missed connections are missed opportunities for business. Analysis: Missed is a verb's past participle used here as an adjective. The repeated use of the same word could bring out a stronger effect. Translation: 错失了联系就错失了商机。 Example: Can a broken heart be broken twice?

2. (Para. 2) Not having your cards can be seen as being unprepared to market yourself and your business.

Analysis: Not having your cards is a gerund phrase used as the subject of the sentence. Not is put in front of the gerund to make its negative form. Being unprepared is also a gerund used as the subject complement.

Translation: 不带名片可被视为没有做好推介自己和推销业务的准备。 Example: Not trying at all is much worse than trying without success.

3. (Para. 2) Don't start that new contact leaving them thinking “that person is already unprepared”.

Analysis: Leaving them thinking is a participial phrase, indicating a concomitant (伴随的) adverbial of result.

Translation: 千万别在开始新的交往时就让人觉得“这家伙就没打算同我交往”。 Example: Let's steer our ship with hope, leaving fear behind.

4. (Para. 2 from bottom) Ask your network to network with and for you also by handing out a few!

Analysis: The word network is repeated to make an emphasis. Notice that the first network is a noun while the second a verb. The sentence can be re-written as “Ask your network to network with you and network for you also by handing out a few of your name cards.”

Translation: 请求你所结交的人同你一起联络并为你发出几张名片！ Example: To saw a saw with another saw. To can a can into another can. 2 Important Words 1.market

v. engage in the commercial promotion, sale, or distribution of (在市场上)推销 e.g.

The company is marketing its new line of beauty products. The firm markets various kinds of household appliances. 2. unprepared

a. lacking intellectual equipment 无准备的; 不愿意的 e.g.

He is still unprepared to stand on his own feet.

Students from the south are often unprepared for the cold climate. 3. go-go

a. energetic and active 精力充沛的; 活跃的 e.g.

He attracted a group of go-go young to run his election. You can never stop once you step into this go-go society 4. tip

n. a useful piece of advice 提示, 小贴士 e.g.

The book shows how to prepare a CV and gives tips on applying for jobs. Here are some useful tips for central heating. 5. employ

v. engage or hire for work 雇用，聘用 e.g.

The joint venture (合资企业) employs nearly a thousand workers. I prefer to get employed in a state-owned company. 6. update

v. bring up to date; supply with recent information 更新, 获取最新信息 e.g.

Our new neighbor is updated the kitchen in the old house.

The in-service training center is for people to update their special knowledge.

Information Related to the Reading Passage Major Language Families

Here are two lists of the top ten language families with wide recognition in terms of numbers of native speakers (with their core geographic areas) and in terms of numbers of languages.

In Terms of Numbers of Native Speakers

1. Indo-European languages (Europe, Southwest to South Asia, America, Oceania) 2. Sino-Tibetan languages (East Asia)

3. Niger-Congo languages (Sub-Saharan Africa)

4. Afro-Asiatic languages (North Africa to Horn of Africa, Southwest Asia) 5. Austronesian languages (Oceania, Madagascar, Southeast Asia) 6. Dravidian languages (South Asia) 7. Altaic languages (Central Asia)

8. Austro-Asiatic languages (Southeast Asia) 9. Tai-Kadai languages (Southeast Asia) 10. Japonic languages (Japan) In Terms of Numbers of Languages: 1. Niger-Congo (1 514 languages) 2. Austronesian (1 268 languages) 3. Trans-New Guinea (564 languages) 4. Indo-European (449 languages) 5. Sino-Tibetan (403 languages) 6. Afro-Asiatic (375 languages) 7. Nilo-Saharan (204 languages) 8. Pama-Nyungan (178 languages)

9. Oto-Manguean (174 languages) 10. Austro-Asiatic (169 languages)

How to Greet People in Different Languages

Have you ever stopped to think about how many people are saying “Hello” to each other today, and in how many different languages? If you want to say “Hello” to everyone on the planet, you would have to learn at least 2796 languages and greet at least 6 500 000 000 people. Here are some of the ways of saying “Hello” around the world. Hola in Spanish, Ciao in Italian, Nihao in Chinese or Bonjour / Salut in French, and many more!

Sounds hard to learn to say so many “Hellos”? Don’t worry! It seems that nowadays the English word “Hello” is getting accepted in more and more cultures. Besides, you can ?nd some other ways to greet people, too. Here is a simple, and amusing, way to greet foreigners wherever you might travel around the world. A friend of mine who travels widely does not say “Hello”, but she tries to learn to say “Beautiful” in the local language. She can use it to “greet” a mother holding a baby, or to “greet” an old lady watering her flowers, or to “greet” a lonely salesman showing a photo of his family. The ability has earned her friendship all over the world. So why not — when even one word can bring about such pleasure?

Fun, isn’t it? And we don’t need to pronounce those different local greeting words accurately. With a hearty smile, it can be well understood and appreciated. The “Beautiful” greeting is like sunlight that melts the coldness between people.So instead of complaining about a foreigner’s misunderstanding

and unfriendliness, let’s learn to say “Beautiful” in the local language whenever and wherever you travel around the globe! Language Points

1 Explanation of Difficult Sentences

1. (Para. 1) Have you ever stopped to think about how many people are saying “Hello” to each other today…

Analysis: Stop to think means to stop whatever is being done in order to think something over. The infnitive phrase to think indicates the purpose of stopping. It is different from “stop thinking”, which means stop the action of thinking. And thinking is the object of the verb stop.

Translation: 你是否曾留心考虑过，今天一天大约有多少人说“Hello”来互相问候？

Example: I don't think this is a smart way. Have you ever stopped to think out a better idea?

2. (Para. 1) If you want to say “Hello” to everyone on the planet, you would have to learn at least 2 796 languages…

Analysis: The if-clause seems a real conditional one, for want is used instead of the unreal conditional wanted. But subjunctive mood is also implied because would is used instead of will, indicating an almost impossible action to be carried out. Translation: 如果你想对这个星球上每个人都道一声“Hello”，你就至少得学2796种语言。

Example: If you want to make a friend each day, you would have to make some 20 thousands of friends in your lifetime!

3. (Para. 2) It seems that nowadays the English word “Hello” is getting accepted in more and more cultures.

Analysis: In the sentence, it seems that introduces a subject clause and is getting accepted is in present continuous tense and passive voice. Translation: 似乎现在英语的 “Hello” 正在被越来越多的文化接受。

Example: It seems that instead of “bean curd”, the Chinese translation “tofu” is getting accepted by more and more English-speaking people.

4. (Para. 2) Here is a simple, and amusing, way to greet foreigners wherever you might travel around the world.

Analysis: The adjectives simple and amusing both modify the noun way. The purpose of putting “and amusing” between two commas is to highlight the adjective. Wherever introduces an adverbial clause to make concession, meaning “no matter where”.

Translation: 这里介绍的是一种简单但很有趣的说法，能让你在旅行到世界各地 时可以跟外国人打招呼。

Example: Here is another simple, and effective, way to deal with a sudden headache wherever you might be and whenever it comes up.

5. (Para. 3) So why not — when even one word can bring such pleasure?

Analysis: Here why not is a simplified sentence to emphasize the positive attitude towards something mentioned above. The dash — is used to introduce an explanation or reason. The words even and such in the adverbial clause are used for emphasis.

Translation: 所以，既然用一个词就能带来这样的乐趣，为什么不这么做呢?

Example: Both sides agree to have a talk. So why not — when peace can be achieved in a less bloody way?

6. (Para. 4) So instead of complaining about a foreigner’s misunderstanding and unfriendliness, let’s learn to say “beautiful” in the local language whenever and wherever you travel around the globe!

Analysis: Here instead of (doing something) is a typical English way to mean that some other choice than this one is preferred. In this sentence, the writer means that to learn to say “beautiful” is better than merely complaining about… This is a very useful pattern to indicate one’s preference when there are two different choices to make .

Translation:因此，与其抱怨外国人的误解和不友善，不如在旅游世界各地时让 我们去学会用当地语言说 “真漂亮”这句话吧！

Example : So instead of complaining about the strange local custom, let’s learn to “do as the Romans do when in Rome” 2 Important Words 1.planet

n. any of the celestial bodies (other than comets or satellites) that revolve around the sun in the solar system 行星 e.g.

Is there life on other planets?

The picture shows six of the nine planets in the solar system. 2. accept

v. react favorably to; consider right and proper 接受；接纳；采用

e.g.

Such an excuse can hardly be accepted by our boss. Shall we accept these unpleasant working conditions? 3. amusing

a. providing enjoyment; pleasantly entertaining 有乐趣的，使人快乐的 e.g.

She has an amusing way to introduce herself to newcomers.

I’m afraid what you said is a bit too amusing for this serious occasion. 4. pronounce

v. speak or utter sounds in a certain way 发音 e.g.

The actor pronounces the local language in an amusing way. The

French sound /r/ is very difficult to pronounce

5. earn

v. acquire or deserve by one’s efforts or actions 赚取；赢得 e.g.

Acting is an amusing, yet hard, way to earn a living. The old professor has earned respect from all his students. 6. hearty

a. true and natural, without reservation 真挚的 e.g.

Probably a hearty laughter can win the audience. The new contract is signed in hearty agreement.

7. melt

v. become less intense and fade away gradually 融化；消解 e.g.

The snow had melted, but the lake was still frozen solid. My heart just melted when I saw her crying.