Unit1 Book3
The way to success
Section A Never, ever give up!
Objectives
To talk about the secret of success To further understand the text To apply the phrases and patterns To master the essay writing skill
Warming-up activities
Lead-in---Short answer questions 1. What is success?
? To live your life the way you want to live it ? To earn money, power, and fame
? To be surrounded by people you admire and respect ? To achieve your dreams, desires, hopes, wishes, etc.
? A successful man is one who can lay a firm foundation with the bricks others have thrown
at him.
2. What do you think are the secrets of success?
? A strong will and adequate preparation ? Determination and persistence ? Well begun is half done.
? When you want success as badly as you wanted air, you will get it. ?
Listen and talk
Listen to a talk about steps to make your dreams come true. Fill in the blanks based on what you hear.
1 As long as you are committed to your goals and you are passionate about your dreams, you will eventually accomplish them.
2 To accomplish amazing results in your life, you have to be 100 percent committed and you must be willing to sacrifice your time and effort.
3 What are the three steps that you should follow to achieve success? 1)Map your goals out 2) Believe in yourself 3) Take action
Listen to the talk again and discuss the following questions. 1. Why do most people fail to achieve success in the end? ? Not have the passion; ? Not clear about what they want; ? Not know the exact destination that they want to reach; ? Not focus on what they want.
2. Can you think of any other helpful steps that can be taken to make your dream come true? ? First, to learn to adopt suitable strategies; ? Second, to realize the significance of learning; ? Finally, to create or find opportunities rather than wait for opportunities to find us. Compound dictation
Listen to a short passage on success and fill in the missing information.
We cannot travel every path. Success must be won along one line. We must make our business the one life purpose to which every other must be subordinate. I hate a thing done by halves. If it be right, do it boldly. If it be wrong, leave it undone. The men of history were not perpetually looking into the mirror to make sure of their own size. Absorbed in their work they did it. They did it so well that the wondering world sees them to be great, and labeled them accordingly. To live with a high ideal is a successful life. It is not what one does, but what one tries to do, that makes a man strong. ―Eternal vigilance,‖ it has been said, ―is the price of liberty‖ With equal truth it may be said, ―Unceasing effort is the price of success.‖
If we do not work with our might, others will; and they will outstrip us in the race, and pluck the prize from our grasp. Success grows less and less dependent on luck and chance. Self-distrust is the cause of most of our failures. The great and indispensable help to success is character. Character is a crystallized habit, the result of training and conviction.
Every character is influenced by heredity, environment and education. But these apart, if every man were not to be a great extent the architect of his own character, he would be a fatalist, and irresponsible creature of circumstances. Instead of saying that man is a creature of circumstance, it would be nearer the mark to say that man is the architect of circumstance. From the same materials one man builds palaces, another hovel. Bricks and mortar are mortar and bricks, until the architect can make them something else. The true way to gain much is never to desire to gain too much. Wise men don’t care for what they can’t have.
Text study
Structure of the text: Introduction → Illustration →Conclusion Main ideas of the parts Para. 1
As a young boy, Winston Churchill attended a public school called Harrow. Though not a good student, he did finish at Harrow and went on to the university. He eventually had a premier army career and was elected prime minister. His amazing determination helped motivated his entire nation and was an inspiration worldwide. Para.2
What did Churchill say when he was invited to address the patriotic young boys at his old school, Harrow?
Young men, never give up. Never give up! Never give up! Never, never, never, never! Part I — Paras. 1 – 2
By using Winston Churchill’s story and his speech at Harrow as an introduction to the topic, the text makes clear its statement: the secret of success is ―Never give up‖. Paras.3-4
What can the examples of Einstein, Edison and Abraham Lincoln illustrate?
Personal history, educational opportunity, individual dilemmas – none of these can inhibit a
strong spirit committed to success. Paras. 5-6
What can the example of Sandra Day O’Connor illustrate? ? Keep their eyes on the prize; ? Uphold a committed and focused will and spirit;
Have the will to overcome profound obstacles and to work diligently
Para. 7
The secret of success is based upon a burning inward desire – a robust, fierce will and focus – that fuels the determination to act, to keep preparing, to keep going even when we are tired and fail. It’s not how many times you fall down that matters. It’s how many times you get back up that makes success! Part II — Paras. 3 – 7
Through the examples of world famous scientists, statesman, and jurist, the text brings forward the statement that only those with a strong will, those who ―keep their eyes on the prize‖, and those who expend the substantial effort to keep going, will finally succeed. Para. 8
What is the conclusion of the text?
? Where there’s a will, there’s a way;
? Hard work, determination dedication and preparation; ? Transcend handicap;
? Accomplish any feat and achieve success. Part III — Para. 8
By reinforcing the statement given in part II, the text draws the conclusion that with hard work, determination, dedication and preparation, you can transcend any handicap, accomplish any feat, and achieve success .
Language focus Practical phrases
1. deviate from …偏离，背离??
短语应用: 有人生目标的人是永远不会偏离正确航向的。
Those who have a life compass in their mind will never deviate from the correct course. 2.preclude sb. from doing …阻止某人做?? 短语应用: 有志者事竟成。
Nothing can preclude a willing heart from achieving success. 3.triumph over …战胜??
短语应用: 中国人民只要万众一心，必将战胜任何困难，从而立足于世界之巅。
As long as the Chinese people work with one heart and one mind, they will triumph over any difficulties and stand on top of the world. 4.in (the) pursuit of …追求??
短语应用: 一个国家在追求经济发展的同时，应当对环境保护给予足够重视。
While in pursuit of economic growth, a nation should give due emphasis to the protection of the environment.
5.work one’s way to/through/into …通过奋斗逐步达到
短语应用: 通过激烈的竞争进入大学的同学们应当将大学教育作为人生奋斗的新起点而非
终点。
Students who have fiercely worked their way into universities should take college education as a new starting point rather than the finishing line of their life endeavor. 6.give up on …放弃??
短语应用: 在地震过后的搜救工作中，解放军战士不放弃任何生命迹象。
In the search and rescue work after the earthquake, the PLA soldiers didn’t give up on any life signs.
7.focus on …专注于??
短语应用: 大学生应将主要精力专注于学习而不是各种令其分心的事物。
College students should focus most of their energy on studies rather than on various distractions.
Functional patterns
1.A,B,C– none of these be/do…用于表达“对已知条件的否定”。
原句 Personal history, educational opportunity, individual dilemmas— none of these can inhibit a
strong spirit committed to success. 句型应用
金钱、名誉、社会地位，这些都不应作为判断一个人是否成功的唯一标准。
Money, fame, social status — none of these should be regarded as the only standard for the judgment of one’s success.
2. Sb. do sth., not because …, but because …用于表达“某人做某事的原因”。
原句They attained success, not because it was easy, but because they had the will to overcome profound obstacles and to work diligently in the pursuit of their goals 句型应用
我选择厚道，不是因为我笨拙，而是因为我深信，厚德能载物。
I choose to be honest and kind, not because I am stupid, but because I firmly believe that great virtue holds the world.
3. It’s not … that matters. It’s …that be/do…用于表达“对某事物最为重要的因素是??”。 原句 It’s not how many times you fall down that matters. It’s how many times you get back up that makes success!‖ 句型应用
要获得成功，你现在的位置不重要，重要的是你前进的方向。
It’s not where your current position is that matters. It’s where you are heading for that leads you to success.
Language appreciation
a. Young men, never give up. Never give up! Never give up! Never, never, never, never! (Para.2, L6)
年轻人，要永不放弃。永不放弃！永不放弃！永不，永不，永不，永不！
b. No task is too hard. No amount of preparation is too long or too difficult. (Para.3, L2) 任务再苦，准备再长，难度再大，都不能放弃自己的追求。
c. Yet his strong will was the spur that pushed him forward, strengthening his optimism, dedication and determination. (Para.4, L6)
然而，坚强的意志鞭策着他，推动他前进，使他更加乐观、投入、坚毅。
d. Only those who ―keep their eyes on the prize‖, those who uphold a committed and focused will
and spirit, will find their endeavors successful. (Para.5, L1) 只有那些―执着地追求成功‖的人，那些保持始终如一的精神意志的人，才会通过自身的努力，获得成功。
e. It’s not how many times you fall down that matters. It’s how many times you get back up that makes success! (Para.7, L5)
你摔倒了多少次并不要紧；你能多少次重新站起来对成功才至关重要！
f. With hard work, determination, dedication and preparation, you can transcend any handicap, accomplish any feat, and achieve success! (Para.8, L4)
只要刻苦努力，意志坚决，专心投入，准备充分，你就能跨越一切障碍，达成所有壮举，取得成功！
Critical thinking
Theme exploration
1 How do you understand the remark ―It’s not how many times you fall down that
matters. It’s how many times you get back up that makes success!‖?
You may have tried and failed many times before you finally get success. But it does not matter. What matters is whether you can summon up (鼓起) all your courage again and again to face the hardships standing in the way of success.
2 Do you agree that there are times when it’s simply better to give up?
When I have realized that I am pursuing something that is hard to achieve, I would try to stick to the goal. But I will begin to think of what I can do to improve the situation.
When it still doesn’t work, I would try to analyze what the problem is and then make some changes and probably reset my goal.
Yes, sometimes we are pursuing the wrong goal which can never be achieved, only to find ourselves in deep frustration and profound fatigue. In this situation, I may give up the wrong goal and set up another goal that is achievable.
3 How can we avoid wasting time and energy in achieving success? ? Following the guidance of senior people. ? Getting sound advice from our parents. ? Setting a correct goal.
? Achieving success step by step. ? Developing good interpersonal relationships.
Culture exploration
When talking about success, do you think there are any differences between the Chinese and the westerners?
Chinese believe that personal relationship is the most important factor to one’s success. Chinese tend to equate power, fame and money to success. ? Westerners believe that self-independence is a key to success.
? Westerners tend to regard success as the realization of one’s self-value.
Watch a video clip and discuss the question:
What do you think is the key to success?
I agree with what the speaker holds in the video clip, it is grit (坚韧不拔的意志). Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals. It is a significant predictor of success. we need to possess a committed and focused will as well as grit to keep preparing and working towards the goal. With hard work, determination, dedication and preparation, we can transcend any handicap, accomplish any feat, and achieve success!
Writing devices
Essay writing
Develop an example essay
In an example essay, you support your point by illustrating it with examples. If, for instance, you make a statement and someone says to you, ―Prove it‖, what do you do? Most likely, you will provide an example or two to support your claim. Indeed, it is hard to write a good essay of any kind without using at least some examples. Good examples help to clarify your thought by making the general specific, and the abstract concrete. They also add interest and help to persuade or convince your readers.
Guidelines for a successful example essay
1. A wise selection of sufficient examples which are specific and typical, interesting and relevant.
The examples may consist of either personal experiences or second-hand information from reliable sources.
2. An expert arrangement of these examples. Similar or related examples should be grouped
together and arranged according to the order of time, space, or importance. 3. Read the sample essay and see how the examples are developed and organized. Topic:
Biological clocks Introduction:
Thesis statement: Even though it is not easy to explain why, scientists believe living things must have built-in biological clocks that can be reset. Body:
1 Topic sentence: To start with, various 24-hour rhythms observed in people’s biological clocks can be adjusted.
Example: A traveler flying from New York to London can adjust his normal rhythms to London time.
2 Topic sentence: The same kind of resetting also takes place in the biological clocks of animals and plants.
Example 1: The clock of an animal or plant can be set to the laboratory-produced hours of light and dark.
Example 2: Mussels can adjust to the tides of the new beach after being moved from the old one. Conclusion:
Biological clocks, in a way, serve as automatic internal ―watches‖ for all living things.
Revision
Useful expressions
1 偏离，背离??deviate from …
2 阻止某人做??preclude sb. from doing … 3 战胜??triumph over ... 4 追求??in the pursuit of …
5 通过奋斗逐步达到work one’s way to/through/into … 6 放弃??give up on … 7 专注于??focus on …
8 移开；从??开除remove … from … 9 认定??失败write … off 10 充当；起作用act as 11 不足；不够好fall down
12 为??而鞭笞??whip … for … 13 赞颂??为/是??commend … as … 14 付出努力去做??expend effort to do … 15 内心燃烧的欲望burning inward desire 16 执着于??keep one’s eyes on … 17 跨越一切障碍transcend any handicap 18 达成所有壮举accomplish any feat 19 因??而成名achieve fame for … 20 言简意赅的讲话short, clear-cut speech
Translate a paragraph based by using the expressions from the text. 很多人只是嘴上说他们想要什么东西，但并不真正地付出大量努力去实现。很多人因为害怕失败而不敢全心尝试。而成功的秘诀在于内心燃烧的欲望，从而激发行动的决心，即使疲惫，即使失败，也会继续准备，继续前进。
专注于汲取更多的知识，争取持之以恒地渐进，保持永不言退的坚强意志。只要刻苦努力，意志坚决，专心投入，准备充分，你就能跨越一切障碍，达成所有壮举，取得成功！
Many people simply say that they want something, but they do not expend the substantial effort required to achieve it. Many people let the threat of failure stop them from trying with all of their heart. The secret of success is based upon a burning inward desire that fuels the determination to act, to keep preparing, to keep going even when we are tired and fail. Focus on becoming more knowledgeable. Focus on gradual, consistent progress. Maintain the strong will to keep going. With hard work, determination, dedication and preparation, you can transcend any handicap, accomplish any feat, and achieve success!
Section B
Chance favors the prepared
Objectives
To master the reading skill To understand the text
To practice the phrases and patterns To learn about giving a report
Warming-up
1. According to the speaker, what are the significant factors leading to success? The key factors include: passion, work, focus, push, ideas, persist, and serve. 2. What is your understanding of the keys to success?
In my view, the key qualities that contribute to success are faith, experience, courage, intelligence and diligence, relationship and leadership.
Faith is a lump that brightens the mind; experience is a teacher that tells you to be or not be, to do or not to do; courage is a great power that pushes you forward while you are lost; intelligence and diligence are foundation on which you go up stably; relationship and leadership are stepping-stones on which you go upwards smoothly.
Reading skills
Denotation and Connotation
Denotation is the literal meaning of a word, the one we find in a dictionary. Connotation, on the other hand, is the implied meaning of a word, the one a word suggests to us, or what it makes us feel or think. Connotation contains the emotional implications and associations that a word may carry.
Example 1
Thankfully, he did finish at Harrow and his errors there did not preclude him from going on to the university. He eventually had a premier army career whereby he was later elected prime minister. (Text A, Para. 1)
Denotation: fortunately
Connotation: The word thankfully associates with a feeling of relief and pleasure, indicating the author’s positive attitude toward Churchill. Example 2
In the end, both Einstein and Edison overcame their childhood persecution and went on to achieve magnificent discoveries that benefit the entire world today. (Text A, Para. 3)
Denotation: extremely bad treatment of someone, especially because of their race, religion, or political beliefs
Connotation: The word persecution is too big a word for the trouble a child goes through, but it indicates the tremendous hardships Einstein and Edison suffered in their childhood. It makes the author’s point quite clear, that is, despite the great trouble, they finally succeeded because they never gave up. Practice
Read the following sentences from Text B and pay close attention to the underlined words. Write the denotation of each word and its connotation. Check the context for clues. The first one has been done for you.
1. A hairbrush served as his microphone as he energetically practiced speaking his masterpieces to his imaginary listeners. (Para. 3)
Denotation: a work of art that is excellent
Connotation: Les Brown regarded his own performance in his shabby room as a masterpiece. The word implies Les Brown’s confidence in realizing his dream as a DJ.
2. One day Les decided to take the initiative and begin with this enterprise. (Para. 5) 3. He stayed around the studio, soaking up whatever knowledge he could. (Para. 11) 4. Finally, when the phone rang, Les grabbed it. (Para. 13) 5. He flipped on the microphone and eloquently rapped … (Para. 22)
6. From that fateful beginning, Les was propelled to become an icon in broadcasting, politics, public speaking and television. (Para. 23)
Text study
Text comprehension: Questions previewing
1. Why was Les Brown placed in special education classes? (Para. 2)
Because of his overactive behavior and nonstop talking as a child, Les was placed in special education classes for the learning disabled all the way through high school.
2. What was the reaction of Les Brown’s friends when he was constantly practicing to realize his dream? (Para. 4)
His friends got bored, laughed at him and asked him to give up his dream.
3. Why did the station manager take on Les Brown to do small tasks at last? (Para.10)
Being moved by Les Brown’s persistence, the station manager finally gave in and took Les on to do small tasks — at no pay.
4. How did Les Brown learn to work the controls in the studio? (Para. 11) He learned it by himself.
5. When the DJ named Rock started to feel very sick, what did Les Brown do? (Para.12)
One afternoon at work, the DJ named Rock started to feel very sick while on the air... Les was the only person around, and he realized that Rock was coughing and losing his voice_. Les stayed close in case there was some way he might help alleviate his coworker’s distress. He also worried that the illness was sure to doom this broadcast.
6. What did Les Brown immediately do when he got his first chance? (Para. 21) He couldn’t wait to tell his mother and friends that he was about to come on the air. 7. What made Les Brown’s first show a complete success? (Para. 23) His preparation.
8. According to the passage, what important factors contributed to Les Brown’s success?
? Enduring passion to make his dream come true; ? His determination to succeed in what he pursued ;
? His desire to succeed because he wanted to make more money to support the family.
Language focus Practical phrases
1. destined to do sth. 预定；注定；（尤指）命中注定 2. serve as 被用作?；充当?；起?的作用
3. be wrapped up in sth. 把全部精力放在某事上（以至于没有时间关心别的事） 4. take sb. on 开始雇用某人
5. hang out 泡在某处；与?经常在一起 6. soak sth. up迅速吸收；轻松学会（知识 7. in anticipation of sth. 预料某事；期待某事 8. on (the) air 正在广播
Functional Patterns
1. Upon /on +n./v.-ing, sb. does sth. 用于表达“在?之后某人立即做某件事” 。
2. Sb. faithfully / tirelessly / unremittingly does sth. in anticipation of sb. / sth. (the opportunity/chance) sb. knows will come.
用于表示“某人满怀期待、不懈地/孜孜不倦地做着某事，知道某人会来/某事物（如机会）会降临”。
3. Search / try as sb. might / would, sb. was unable to do sth. / could not do sth. 用于表达“无论某人怎样努力/怎么试/怎么搜寻，仍然不能做成某事”。
Genuine collocations
1.沉浸在自己的梦里indulge one’s dream 2.面对现实focus on the real world 3.主动出击take the initiative 4.彻底的失败a complete bust
5.追求自己的目标pursue one’s goals 6.坚持自己的梦想persist in one’s dreams 7.满足每一个要求cater to one’s every need 8.汲取知识soak up knowledge 9.减轻痛苦alleviate one’s distress 10.几欲抓狂frantic with distress
Critical thinking Further discussion
1. What does the story of Les Brown suggest for young people nowadays?
Those who are well prepared are most likely to get success. Determination and preparation are two important components of the secret of success.
2. What do you think about the effects of family background upon one’s success?
Family background can have both positive and negative effects upon one’s success. Many believe a wealthy family should have positive effects on one’s personal development, while a poor family is more likely to cause negative impacts on one’s success. However, some believe if you are born into a very wealthy family, you may lack the iron will to achieve success. But if you are brought up in a poor family, you can only depend on yourself, which will strengthen your determination to pursue your dreams.
3. What should we do when we are far from our dreams?
We should judge whether the goal is accessible or not. If the goal is not accessible, we may well give it up. If the goal is accessible and we have not tried our best yet, we should work harder. 4. How can we judge whether a goal is accessible or not?
We can compare the pursuit of goals to apple picking. If the apple is above you, but still within reach, you can jump and get it. In this case, the goal is accessible. If the apple is high above you, and you can never get it no matter how hard you jump. In this case, the goal is not accessible. 5. What personal traits are important for one to succeed?
? Enthusiastic ? Ethical ? Persistent ? Self-aware
? Self-confident ? Self-disciplined ?
Thematic study
1. Comparison between the negative and the positive factors in success. Negative factors 1. A poor family;
2. Childhood persecution;
3. Poor educational background; 4. Immense obstacles and hardships; 5. Overwhelming failures; 6. Repeated misfortunes; 7. Extreme criticism; Positive factors
1. A rich/famous family;
2. Parents’ belief and support; 3. Educational opportunities; 4. Wit and wisdom;
5. Determination and courage; 6. A strong will;
7. Optimism and passion; 8. Dedication and efforts;
2. What attitude should we hold towards the negative and the positive factors to achieve success?
? Regard the negative factors as challenges and opportunities
? Try to make use of the negative factors to cultivate good qualities ? Don’t just focus your eyesight on the favorable conditions ? …
Language features analysis
1. What are the typical language features of the two texts?
Text A is an example essay, in which examples are provided to explain the statement the author makes. Its parallel sentence structures used to describe the similarities between Einstein and Edison, Churchill and Lincoln give students a good idea about how to use parallelism in writing a comparison / contrast essay.
Text B exemplifies the writing technique of narration, in which Les Brown’s struggles to become a DJ is depicted very vividly and elaborately.