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第八章 热量衡算

8.1 塔顶热量衡算

表8-1苯—甲苯的蒸发潜热与临界温度

物质 苯 甲苯

由: QC?(R?1)?D?(IVD?ILD)

其中 IVD?ILD?XD??HVA?(1?XD)??HVB

1?Tr20.38) ?HV2??HV1?(1?Tr1沸点0C 80.1 110.63

蒸发潜热KJ/Kg

394 363

临界温度TC/K

288.5 318.57

则: t D = 81.7 0C时 苯:

Tr2?(81.7?273.15)/288.5?1.23Tr1?(80.1?273.15)/288.5?1.22

1?Tr20.381?1.230.38)?394?()?400.71kJ/kg 蒸发潜热 ?HV2??HV1?(1?Tr11?1.22甲苯: Tr 2 = (81.7 + 273.15) / 318.57 = 1.11

Tr1 = (110.63 + 273.15) / 318.57 = 1.2

1?Tr20.381?1.110.38)?363?()?289.23kJ/kg 蒸发潜热 ?HV2??HV1?(1?Tr11?1.2 M D = 78.59g / mol

D ' = M D × D = 78.587 × 15.31=1203.21kJ / kg

IVD –I LD = X D ×△HVA -(1 -X D ) ×△HVB

= 0.966 × 400.71- (1- 0.966) × 289.23

= 377.25kJ / kg

QC = ( R + 1) × D ' × ( IVD- I LD )

= (2.46+1) × 1203.21 × 377.25 =1.571×106 kJ / kg

8.2塔底热量衡算

QC?(R?1)?D?(IVD?ILD)

其中 IVD?ILD?XD??HVA?(1?XD)??HVB

1?Tr20.38 ?HV2??HV1?()

1?Tr1则: tw=107.80C

苯: Tr 2 = (107.8 + 273.15) / 288.5 = 1.32

Tr1 = (80.1 + 273.15) / 288.5 = 1.22

蒸发潜热 △HV 1 = △HV 1 ×[( 1- Tr 2) /(1-Tr1)]0.38

= 394 ×[( 1-1.32) /(1-1.22)]0.38=454.29 kJ / kg

甲苯: Tr 2 = (107.8 + 273.15) / 318.57 = 1.196

Tr1 = (110.63 + 273.15) / 318.57 = 1.2047

蒸发潜热 △HV 2 = △HV 1 ×[( 1- Tr 2) /(1-Tr1)]0.38

= 363×[( 1-1. 1995) /(1-1.2047)]0.38=357.058

MW = 91.47kg / mol

D ' = MW × W = 91.47× 16.362= 1496.362J / kg IVw- I Lw = (1- X w) ×△HV2- X w×△HV1

= (1- 0.0468) × 359.47 -0.00.468× 454.29 = 319.09kJ / kg

QC = ( R + 1) × D ' × ( IVD- I LD )

= (2.42+1)× 1496.362× 319.09 = 1.633× 106 kJ / kg

8.3 焓值衡算

由前面的计算过程及结果可知:

塔顶温度tD?81.7℃,塔底温度tw?107.8℃,进料温度tF?91.6℃。

tD?81.7℃下:

CP1=99.14KJ/(kmol?K) CP2=124.36KJ/(kmol?K)

Cp?CP1?xD?CP2?(1?xD)?99.14?0.966?124.36?0.034?99.997KJ(kmol?K)

tw?107.8℃下:

CP1?106.7KJ/(kmol?K) CP2?133.80KJ/(kmol?K)

C PW ? C P1 xW ? C P 2 (1- xW ) ? 106.7 ? 0.0468? 133.80 ? 0.9532 ? 132.53 KJ /(kmol K ) tD?80.49℃下:

?1?392.88KJ/kg ?2?378.86KJ/kg

? ? ?1x D ? ?2 (1- x D ) ? 392.88 ? 0.966 ? 378.86 ? 0.034 ? 392.4KJ / kg

塔顶:

M D ? M 1 x D ? M 2 (1 -x D ) ? 78.11?0.966 ? 92.13 ? 0.034 ? 78.59kg / kmol

(1)0℃时塔顶气体上升的焓 QV 塔顶以 0℃为基准。

QV ? V C P t D ? V ? MD ?52.97?99.997 ? 81.7? 52.97?392.4 ? 78.59

=2.07× 106 kJ / h (2) 回流液的焓 QR

QR ? L C P tD' ? 37.66?99.997 ? 81.7 ?3.08?105

(3) 塔顶馏出液的焓 QD

因馏出口与回流口组成一样,所以 CD ? 99.997 KJ /(kmol K )

QD ? D C D t D

? 15.31?99.997 ?81.7 ? 1.25?10KJ / h 5

(4) 冷凝器消耗的焓 QC

QC?QV-QR-QD ?2.07?106-3.08?105-1.25?105 ?1.637?106KJ/h (5) 进料口的焓 QF

tF?91.6℃下:

CP1?104.02KJ/(kmol?K) CP2?130.03KJ/(kmol?K) C P ? C P1 x F ? C P 2 ? (1 -x F ) ? 104.02 ? 0.491 ? 130.03? (1- 0.491) ?66.36 KJ /(kmol K ) 所以 QF ? F C P t F ? 31.672?66.36 ? 91.6 ? 1.925?105KJ / h (6)塔底残液QW

QW ? W CW tW ? 16.362? 132.53? 107.8 ? 2.34?105KJ / h (7)再沸器 QB (全塔范围内列衡算式) 塔釜热损失为 10%,则 η =0.9 设再沸器损失能量

Q 损?0.1QB,QB?QF?QC?QW?Q损?QD

加热器实际热负荷

0.9QB?QC?QW?QD-QF?2.247?105?2.34?105?1.25?105-1.925?105?2.4135?105QB?24135?105/0.9?2.68?106KJ/h