2．同一个词的词性可以在不同语境中充当新的词性，就是词类转换。 Ⅰ.在括号中写出句子黑体词的词性和词义。

1．Her expression changed when she heard the news.( ) 2．Older people sometimes find it hard to accept changes.( )

3．This information began to raise questions in her mind about Jack's innocence.( ) 4．I don't think it's fair to question his motives just because he disagrees with you.( ) 5．The star of the film is a previously unknown actor.( ) 6．Sarah has missed her chance of starring in the school play.( ) Ⅱ.在括号内写出相应的后缀，使下面的名词变成形容词。 1．power, hope, wonder, help, use( ) 2．artist, poet, history( ) 3．comfort, reason, knowledge( ) 4．rain, sun, cloud, wind( ) 5．friend, month, week( )

语法详解：

转化和后缀

一、相关概念 词的转化

词的转化指的是一个词不变化其词形，而由一种词类转化为另一种或几种词类，如book n. 书→v. 预定；head n. 头→v. 前进；average n. 平均数→v. 平均为→adj. 平均的。

词的派生是通过在词根上加前缀或后缀构成另一个词，这时词性通常发生了变化，如power n. 力量，权力→powerful adj. 强大的；home n. 家→homeless adj. 无家可归的；history n. 历史→historic adj. 有历史意义的。

一、转化

1．动词转化为名词 doubt v. 怀疑→n. 疑问 dress v. 穿衣→n. 衣服 taste vt. 尝→n. 味道

We paid a visit to the scientist last week. 上星期我们拜访了那位科学家。 He likes a quiet smoke after supper. 他喜欢晚饭后静静地抽支烟。 We stopped there for a swim. 我们在那儿停下来以便游泳。

【提示】 由动词转化而来的名词常与give, have, make, take等动词搭配起来表示一个动作。例如：give a kick踢，take a seat就座，take a bath洗澡，have a swim游泳，have a smoke抽烟，make a bet打赌。

2．名词转化为动词 change n. 变化→v. 变化 work n. 工作→v. 工作

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score n. 分数→v. 得分 win n. 胜利→v. 获胜 question n. 问题→v. 提问

We should shoulder these responsibilities. 我们应当担起这些责任。

The hall can seat two thousand people. 这个大厅能坐2000人。

They have booked their plane tickets. 他们已经订了飞机票。 注意

有些词的词性转化后，词的重音发生变化。例如： export /?eksp??t/ n. 出口→/Ik?sp??t/ v. 出口 import /?Imp??t/ n. 进口→/Im?p??t/ v. 进口 increase /?I?kri?s/ n. 增加→/In?kri?s/ v. 增加 permit /?p??mIt/ n. 许可证→/p??mIt/ v. 准许 record /?rek??d/ n. 唱片，纪录→/rI?k??d/ v. 记录

3．形容词转化为动词 dry adj. 干燥的→v. 擦干 free adj. 自由的→v. 释放 narrow adj. 狭窄的→v. 变窄

Only by doing this can we better the life of the people. 只有这样做我们才能改善人民的生活。

The room gradually quieted down.屋里慢慢静了下来。

4．形容词转化为名词

chemical adj. 化学的→n. 化学药品 daily adj. 日常的→n. 日报 final adj. 最后的→n. 决赛

He didn't know the difference between right and wrong. 他不辨是非对错。

二、形容词后缀

后缀具有转变词性的功能，加后缀而成的词叫做派生词。 常见的形容词后缀有：

-ive 表示“active(主动的)” -fic -ory 表示“passive(被动-able 6

act→active活跃的 invent→inventive有发明才能的 terrify→terrific可怕的 prepare→preparatory预备的 eat→eatable可食的 present /?preznt/ n. 礼物，现在；adj. 现在的→/prI?zent/ v. 赠送，陈述

的)” (-ible) move→movable可移动的 credit→credible可信的 care→careful小心的 beauty→beautiful美丽的 rain→rainy下雨的 sun→sunny晴朗的 health→healthy健康的 danger→dangerous危险的 fame→famous著名的 care→careless粗心的 hope→hopeless没有希望的 east→eastern东方的 northwest→northwestern西北方的 up→upward向上的 south→southward向南的 -ful 表示“full of...(充满??)” -y -ous 表示“without(没有；缺??)” -less -ern 表示“direction(方向)” -ward back→backward向后的 home→homeward向家的 sky→skyward向天空的，向上的 表示“made of...(由??所造的)” 表示“having the character of(有??的性质)/of or relating to...(属于??)” 表示“like像??/如??” 表示“like in appearance, manner or nature(外表、态度、性质等像??)/recurrence in stated units of time(时段的往复)” 【记忆口诀】 -en wood→wooden木制的 wool→wool(l)en羊毛制的 romance→romantic 罗曼蒂克的；浪漫的 art→artistic艺术的 science→scientific科学的 history→historical历史的 lone→lonesome孤独的 trouble→troublesome麻烦的 -ic (-ical) -some friend→friendly朋友似的；友好的 -ly woman→womanly女子般的 day→daily每日的 1．构词法，有三种，转化合成，和派生；原词不变动成名，词性转化句中清。 2．二加一，是合成；合名合副是形容；词根加缀分前后；派生能变词义性。 3．名变形容加后缀；常见加y来带队；二十后缀要记会；熟练运用才为最。 4．动变名词加后缀；常见-er来带队；词形不变词性变；还要注意复数尾。 5．形变副词-ly缀；缀法不同有五规；变与不变特别会；前后两缀a-带队。

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经典考题： 一．完成句子

(1)(2014·湖北改编)Her ________(motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education.

(2)(2014·安徽改编)—Why not buy a secondhand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one? —That's a good ________(suggest)．

(3)(2014·湖北改编) What was so ________(impress) about Jasmine Westland's victory was that she came first in the marathon barefooted.

(4)(2014·浙江改编)The aim of education is to teach young people to think for themselves and not follow others ________(blind)．

完成句子

1．我们到外面去散散步吧。 Let's go out ________________. 2．你订好飞机座位了吗？

Did you ______________ on the plane? 3．他们村的老年人过着幸福的生活。

______________ in their village are living a happy life. 4．你在葬礼中该穿黑色衣服。

You should be dressed ______________ at the funeral. 5．她看护丈夫，使他恢复了健康。 She ______________ back to health. 6．你们要尽力改善你们的生活状况。 You will try your best ________________ . 7．她扶那位老妇人上了公共汽车。 She ______________ into the bus. 8．你不可以把车子停在这条街上。 You can't ______________ in this street.

Module 3 Grammar：专项训练

一．单项选择

1．(2011·安徽高考)________， I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end. A．Hopefully B．Normally C．Thankfully D．Conveniently

2．(2011·浙江高考)I've been writing this report _______ for the last two weeks, but it has to be handed in tomorrow.

A．finally C．occasionally

B．immediately D．certainly

3．The car accident made three people lose their lives, the others on the spot were ________.

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