23．（8分）When we think about endangered species, we typically think of mammals such as whales, tigers or pandas. But the over 5, 500 of mammal species on Earth is a relatively poor number—and it pales in comparison with bacteria, of which there are at least a million different species.

Despite their vast numbers, little research has been done to understand the impact that modern human practices have on these tiny organisms（生物）, which have an important influence on many aspects of our lives.

There are also reasons for concern over the way humans are affecting bacterial species, and in many cases we are causing the same type of problems that affect larger organisms. Bacterial population structures are definitely changing, and bacterial species are being transported to new locations. Perhaps some bacteria are even on their way to extinction, although we don’t really have enough information to be certain yet.

Why should we care if bacteria are being spread to new places? Besides the obvious potential for spreading diseases to humans, animals and crops, there are also hidden dangers.

Microorganisms are invisible to the naked eye, so we tend to ignore them and don’t necessarily appreciate their role in how the planet operates. Bacteria are very important to biogeochemistry—the cycling of nutrition and other chemicals through ecosystems. For instance, before humans invented a way to make fertilizer industrially, every single nitrogen（氮）atom in our proteins and DNA had to be chemically caught by a bacterial cell before it could be taken in by plants and then enter the human food chain. The oxygen we breathe is largely made by microorganisms in the oceans rather than mainly by rainforests, as is opposite to common belief.

Our effects on bacteria have the potential to change these basic bacterial functions. It is vital to gain a better understanding of how humans are affecting microorganisms’ distribution, their abundance, and their life-keeping processes. Although bacteria are invisible, we overlook them at our own risk. 1、What can be learned about the bacteria according to the text? A．Their population is becoming larger.

B．Some of them may become endangered species. C．They only cause great threat to other creatures. D．Much attention has been drawn to their researches.

2、What was the first step of the cycling of a nitrogen atom before entering our body? A．Being caught by a bacterial cell. B．Entering the human food chain. C．Being transported by humans. D．Being taken in by plants. 3、Where is the majority of oxygen produced according to the text? A．In the human food chain. B．In the rainforest.

C．In the mountains. D．In the oceans.

4、Which part of the newspaper is the text probably taken from? A．Science and technology. B．Health and medicine. C．Agriculture and animals. D．Environment and energy.

24．（8分） It was the summer of 2014 when I was asked whether I wanted to go to Malibu (an island in Canada) with my church to serve the military families. At first, I heard this and thought, \asking an eleven-year-old in his last weeks of summer if he wants to go on a trip with his mom to Canada to serve other people? \to go.

When we were on the ferry to the island, a thousand thoughts were running through my head, such as \to the island, I was assigned to the child care. I was actually somewhat excited because my friend said he would help me. The first time I met the kids, I got to know them pretty well. They were all between the ages of four and six. Some of them stayed behaved and a few of them started acting crazy and would even hit and push the other kids.

With those kids, I was very strict, but I still tried to be positive and maintain a smile. After all, they were just innocent kids. In most of the time, I needed to help them with things like laundry and setting tables. Even though it sounded dull, I enjoyed every second of it. One of the things I did in my free time was to play pool. I befriended a few kids there. They were really easy to talk to. Some of the things we talked about were sports, food, video games, and most of all pool.

Even though I was only at Malibu, Canada for one week, I feel like I made spiritual changes in some people's life. You don't have to go above and beyond to make a difference in someone's life. In the end, it all comes down to what way you changed them. It could have been in a spiritual way or a mental way as long as you had a positive effect. So go out and try to make a difference in this world. 1、How did the author react when asked if he liked to serve the military families? A．He hardly believed it.

B．He was very confused about the decision. C．He rejected the offer.

D．He was hesitant about the trip.

2、How did the author feel when he was on the way to Malibu? A．He was eager for the coming challenge. B．He enjoyed every second. C．He felt somewhat excited.

D．He was actually unwilling.

3、As a volunteer, the author's main task on the island was. A．to attend to kids there B．to educate kids there C．to befriend kids there

D．to share his experiences with kids there

4、What can we know about the author's stay in Malibu? A．He found the kids very hard to deal with. B．He didn't quite like the badly-behaved kids. C．He managed to get along with most kids. D．He shared common hobbies with some kids.

5、What does the author mainly tell us in the last paragraph? A．The benefits of taking the trip. B．His spiritual changes in Malibu. C．What he has learnt from the experience. D．What to do to make a greater difference.

25． You know the feeling that you have left your phone at home and feel anxious, as if you （10分）have lost your connection to the world. “Nomophobia” (无手机恐惧症) affects teenagers and adults alike. You can even do an online test to see if you have it. Last week, researchers from Hong Kong warned that nomophobia is infecting everyone. Their study found that people who use their phones to store, share and access personal memories suffer most. When users were asked to describe how they felt about their phones, words such as “hurt” (neck pain was often reported) and “alone” predicted higher levels of nomophobia.

“The findings of our study suggest that users regard smartphones as their extended selves and get attached to the devices,” said Dr. Kim Ki Joon. “People experience feelings of anxiety and unpleasantness when separated from their phones.” Meanwhile, an American study shows that smartphone separation can lead to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure.

So can being without your phone really give you separation anxiety? Professor Mark Griffiths, psychologist and director of the International Gaming Research Unit at Nottingham Trent University, says it is what is on the phone that counts-the social networking that creates Fomo (fear of missing out).

“We are talking about an internet-connected device that allows people to deal with lots of aspects of their lives,” says Griffiths. “You would have to surgically remove a phone from a teenager because their whole life is rooted in this device.”

Griffiths thinks attachment theory, where we develop emotional dependency on the phone because it

holds details of our lives, is a small part of nomophobia. For “screenagers”, it is Fomo that creates the most separation anxiety. If they can’t see what’s happening on Snapchat or Instagram, they become

panic-stricken about not knowing what’s going on socially. “But they adapt very quickly if you take them on holiday and there’s no internet,” says Griffiths.

1、Which of the following may Dr. Kim Ki Joon agree with? A．We waste too much time on phones. B．Phones have become part of some users. C．Addiction to phones makes memories suffer. D．Phones and blood pressure are closely linked.

2、According to Giffiths, we get nomophobia because . A．we are accustomed to having a phone on us B．we need our phones to help us store information C．we worry we may miss out what our friends are doing D．we fear without phones we will run into a lot of trouble 3、Where can you probably find the above passage? A．In a research report. C．In a science textbook.

B．In a fashion brochure. D．In a popular science magazine.

第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节）第一节（每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项．

26．（30分）In high school I had a math teacher, Mrs. Davies, who took her job seriously and expected her students to put forth the same degree of commitment (付出). Strict but fair, she held our attention with her great method. One of her 1 was for students who were more advanced academically. I chose to 2 it and soon realized that the course was a bit over my head. I 3 with the complex problems that others seemed to learn without much effort.

One Friday we were tested 4 our ability to use a theorem (定理) that no one in the class thoroughly understood. The teacher would 5 our papers based on our ability to progress through the problem which easily filled two pages of formulaic notations (公式符号). I was absolutely 6 . Finally, I didn't use the required theorem. Instead, I decided to use more familiar theorems to arrive at an 7 . I knew I had failed because I hadn't done the 8 assignment. I became resigned (顺从) to my fate.

Our test papers were 9 back the following Monday. Everyone received a \my surprise, I received an \ 10 that there must be a mistake. I watched 11 as the teacher approached my desk, smiled, and asked for my test 12 back. She then went back to copy my work onto the blackboard, 13 the class how I had arrived at the correct answer. \