Evidence of violent storms that destroyed a lost town known as Britain’s Atlantis has been uncovered. The finds were uncovered off the coast of Dunwich, Suffolk - a small village which in the 11th Century was one of the largest towns in England.
The town was hit by a series of storms in the 13th and 14th centuries and is now largely below the sea. Researchers said sediment(沉积物) gathered from the cliffs independently proved the historical record.
“They were like the south coast storms of 2013, at least once a year for decades,” Professor David Sear, of the University of Southampton said.
The three-year research off Dunwich has been funded by Touching the Tide, a ￡900,000 Heritage Lottery Fund plan to explore the changing Suffolk coast.
A diver used ultrasound(超声波) to “illuminate” findings on the seabed, and the marshes(沼泽) and eroding cliffs were surveyed. “It offers a marvelous history of climate change and coastal erosion,” said Prof Sear with regards to the findings.
In the 11th Century, Dunwich was the 10th largest town in England, but now has about 120 residents. Two great storms in 1286 and 1326 resulted in the loss of its harbour and started its decline. Prof Sear said analysis showed how “people gave up on Dunwich” after 1338, when another great storm choked up the port for good, and food production declined. Sediment gathered from the cliffs, he said, “independently confirmed the sequences of storms recorded in the historical record”.
The underwater research has been carried out using acoustic(声学的) imaging technology, and has unearthed a series of buildings. We found the ruins of about four churches and we’ve also found ruins of what we think was a toll house. We’ve also found shipwrecks(沉船), which no-one’s known before.
A dig in 2015 discovered evidence of Dunwich’s prehistoric origins, as well as evidence it was “a substantial Saxon port, prior to its rapid growth following the Norman invasion”.
Bill Jenman, from Touching the Tide, said “We found loads of pottery, a lot more than we’ve found before, so sort of High Medieval - the peak of the wealth of Dunwich. We know it was a fairly major town in the Anglo-Saxon period.”
29. Evidence shows that Dunwich declined in history due to ______. A. the rise of sea level C. the Norman invasion
B. sediment from the cliffs D. a series of storms
30. What can be learned from the text about Dunwich’s present condition?
A. It is completely below the sea B. It still exists with about 120 residents. C. It is still hit by storms every year. D. It is still an important port in England
31. With the help of modern equipment, the researchers have found all the following things underwater ECEPT_____.
A. shipwrecks unknown before B. ruins of churches and other buildings C. the seabed that was like a busy harbour
D. lots of pottery dating back to the Anglo-Saxon period 32. From the discoveries, we can conclude that______.
A. Dunwich was thoroughly ruined by the Norman invaders B. no one believed those ships could have sink at Dunwich C. Dunwich was a prosperous town before its decline D. no historical records about Dunwich were kept after 1338
D
The term “ lifelong learning” is often used to define the attitude of staying in a learning mode. It is a term that is used loosely and lacks structure, importance, value and support in India.
Many developed countries, for example Canada, have government programmes based on UNESCO guidelines and even offer financial support under Lifelong Learning Plans (LLPs).In the Indian context, learning is often done to earn a degree. We are a degree-oriented country. A hard fact that these degrees are sometimes mere pieces of paper, which do not establish any fact of real learning happening, or that some degrees do not help get a job in today’s times, is still not an accepted reality. The concept of voluntary and continuous learning, whether to enhance professional or personal skills, is still a long shot in India.
The whole idea of lifelong learning recognizes the fact that not all learning needs to be formal, or restricted to student life until the age of 28.It can be a process that is continuous throughout life, based on situations and varied needs. Take the case of a retired professional. She may be interested in fine arts, but wasn’t able to do so in her career. Can’t she then enroll in (登记) a degree programme of fine arts after retirement? Our current system doesn’t quite support such needs of learning, for it doesn’t admit anybody beyond the age of 45.
Another aspect of lifelong learning is “life-deep learning”.It is another word for value education or value-based teaching. In earlier times, there used to be periods in classroom learning called moral science that taught the importance of right versus wrong.
Further,“ life-wide learning” is a term that refers to lateral(横向的)learning—from experiences and situations different from formal, structured education.
These three concepts—lifelong learning, life-deep learning and life-wide learning—constitute the framework of UNESCO’s recommendation to take education to the next level. 33.Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 2?
A. Degrees are designed to get a job. B .Canada is also a degree-oriented country. C. India has a long way to go in “lifelong learning”. D. Lifelong learning doesn’t need money support. 34.Which of the following cannot be used to describe “lifelong learning”? A. Formal.
B. Voluntary.
C. Important.
D. Continuous.
35.What can we infer from the example of the woman in Paragraph 3? A. She didn’t do well in her career before retirement. B. She didn’t become an artist until the age of 45.
C. The elderly lose the right of study in the current system. D. She gained a chance to study fine arts after retirement. 第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
In many parts of the world, cars play an important role in daily life and many societies would not exist without them. 36. But this is the prediction made by a team of transport researchers who are taken seriously, not only by government but also by car manufacturers(制造商).
The Human Science and Advanced Technology Institute at Loughborough in the U is part of an international research program. 37. That will mean much saving, no accidents and better use of roads. The super-intelligent car of the 21st century will drive itself, 38 Instead, we will have a choice of cars and change them as frequently as we change our clothing.
According to Dr.David Davis, who leads the research team, these predictions are based on the rising cost of the car culture, which had blocked up our cities, polluted our air, and caused more deaths than both world wars put together.
Davis says, cars will be fitted with some intelligent devices(装置) to regulate(调节) the distance between one car and another.39. Computers are much safer drivers than people, so cars in a road train will be able to drive much closer together than cars driven by people.
By 2010, Dr.David Davis believes, car technology will give motorists a clear view of the road, whatever the weather conditions, by projecting an image（影像）of the road ahead on to the car’s windscreen. 40. Cars will be connected by an electronic bar to the car in front to form “road-trains”. “The front vehicle in such a train burns the normal amount of fuel.” says Davis.“ But all the others in the train would burn about ten percent of the normal amount, and so produce about ten percent of the pollution.” A. The team there believes that by 2030 all cars will be computerized. B. They believe that cars will become more important in 20 years. C. And it will not be owned by one individual.
D. And by 2030, cars will travel in line, linked to each other electronically. E. So the idea that in 20 years’ time, no one will own cars may be hard to believe. F. Every driver will use less fuel in the car he owns.
G. The car will automatically speed up or slow down to match the speed of the front car.
第一节：完形填空（共20 小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C, D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
About two years ago, I was at a stop sign when I heard whimpering(微弱的叫声)coming from inside a car parked on the street next to me. It was very 41 and the dog was trying to get some of the cooler fresh air outside the car. Without thinking I 42 my car and got out to help him.
The car was locked and there was no way to 43 the dog. Thinking of the irresponsible owner I became 44 .I didn’t know if I should 45 the window and take the dog or try to contact the owner. Just then, I 46 a police car on the opposite side of the street. I ran out and flagged it down.
When the police officer helped open the door, the dog 47 both of us and ran quickly behind the house the car was parked in front of. We 48 the dog to make sure he was O. Then we saw 49 the dog had run. The dog’s owner was 50 in the middle of his garage. Apparently the man had a condition that caused him to have a(n) 51 .This one was particularly 52 and required medical attention. After the incident I learned that had I not 53 ,both the dog and the man would likely have died. I was overcome with 54 and my eyes swelled up. I realized how much of an effect you can have on other people’s lives by doing the 55 thing. I was so quick to 56 assuming the dog’s owner was neglecting his pet. And had the police officer not have been around I may have just left a(n) 57 on the car after I took the dog.
I cannot 58 what I would feel if I knew that man had died because of any number of things that may have went 59 .It made me understand that things are not always as they 60 ,and there are always several sides to every story. 41.A.hot 42.A.drove 43.A.find 44.A.sad 45.A.break 46.A.hit 47.A.disappointed 48.A.went after 49.A.how 50.A.lying
B.dark C.quiet B.parked C.took B.save C.walk
D.dry D.locked
D.touch
B.bored C.puzzled
D.angry
D.replace
B.open C.clean
C.stopped
B.called B.frightened B.looked after
D.noticed
C.surprised D.excited
C.shouted at D.pointed at
D.where
B.why C.when
B.sleeping C.standing D.working B.rest
C.attack
D.fight
51.A.opportunity 52.A.bad 53.A.known 54.A.uncertainty 55.A.right
B.strange C.important D.clear
D.helped
D.emotion
B.continued C.stayed B.anxiety
C.exhaustion
B.hard C.risky D.big
56.A.act 57.A.note
B.judge C.blame D.agree
B.address C.mark D.number
C.face
D.remember D.smoothly
D.prefer
58.A.believe 59.A.quickly 60.A.seem
B.imagine B.perfectly
C.differently
B.happen C.expect
第二节：语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）