59. Which of the following is a clear rule about posting photos online? A. If you take a photograph, it is yours to do as you please online. B. Information about your friends, including photographs, is private.
C. It’s illegal to post pictures online without permission from people in the pictures.
D. You should always avoid posting images on the internet.
(B)
Recycling at work - handy hints to employers It is estimated that avoidable waste costs UK businesses up to 4.5% of their annual revenue. Reducing waste in the workplace is about being efficient. By becoming more efficient, businesses not only increase profits but they also save natural resources. Setting up a company scheme Get everyone involved ? ? ? ? Arouse awareness internally within the company, perhaps by putting up educational posters. Appoint a person to be the point of contact for anyone with queries (问讯). Hold internal competitions between different departments. For example, see which can reduce their waste the most within a specific time period. Send out regular newsletters reporting on all waste improvements. Staff will then see the impact their actions are having. There are also a couple of ways to increase motivation:
Paper ? What to recycle and how According to a recent survey, 65% of waste produced is paper waste. Waste paper will inevitably be produced in the workplace, but it is not necessary to discard it. It can serve a variety of purposes before it is recycled, such as writing notes. Envelopes too can be reused for internal mail. Plastic cups ? Rather than supplying disposable plastic cups in your workplace, get ceramic mugs that can be reused. Not only do they make your tea taste better, but they can reduce your office waste by up to 10%! Electrical equipment ?
Rather than giving up on any old electrical equipment and just throwing it away, why not try upgrading it? This reduces waste, as well as avoiding the need to manufacture a new machine - a process which creates a large amount of waste. You could also consider donating your old computers to charities when it comes to replacing them.
Recycling at work - handy hints to employers
60. What can the employer distribute to motivate staff to recycle more?
A. Educational posters. B. Annual reports. C. Regular newsletters. D. Competition rules.
61. What can be bought to cut down on the waste produced by staff refreshments? A. Disposable goods. B. Writing notes. C. Envelopes. D. Ceramic tableware.
62. Which of the following is NOT included in the hints?
A. Unwanted PCs can be sent to charities if the company has to buy new ones. B. Waste paper can be used as envelopes for internal mails before being thrown away.
C. One of the staff should be assigned to be responsible for the recycling issue.
D. Educational posters can be displayed in the workplace to publicize the recycling scheme.
(C)
Given how valuable intelligence and automation are, we will continue to improve our technology if we are at all able to. At a certain point, we will build machines that are smarter than we are. Once we have machines that are smarter than we are, they will begin to improve themselves. And then we risk what the mathematician IJ Good called an “intelligence explosion”. The process could get out of control.
The concern is really that we will build machines that are much more competent than we are. And the slightest divergence between their goals and our own could destroy us. Just think about how we relate to ants. We don’t hate them. We don’t go out of our way to harm them. In fact, sometimes we take pains not to harm them. We step over them on the sidewalk. But whenever their presence seriously conflicts with one of our goals, we will kill them without hesitation. The concern is that we will one day build machines that, whether they’re conscious or not, could treat us with similar disregard.
The bare fact is that we will continue to improve our intelligent machines. We have problems that we desperately need to solve. So we will do this, if we can. The train is already out of the station, and there’s no brake to pull. If we build machines that are more intelligent than we are, they will very likely develop in ways that we can’t imagine, and exceed us in ways that we can’t imagine.
So imagine we hit upon a design of superintelligent AI that has no safety concerns. This machine would be the perfect labor-saving device. It can design the machine that can build the machine which can do any physical work, powered by sunlight, more or less for the cost of raw materials. So we’re talking about the end of human labour. We’re also talking about the end of most intellectual work. So what would apes like ourselves do in this circumstance?
What would some nations do if they heard that some company in Silicon Valley was about to deploy ( 配 置 ) a superintelligent AI? This machine would be capable of starting war, whether terrestrial (陆地的) or cyber, with unbelievable power.
Given that the companies and governments building superintelligent AI are likely to perceive
(感知) themselves as being in a race against all others, and that to win this
race is to win the world, it seems likely that whatever is easier to do will get done first unless it is destroyed in the next moment.
But the moment we admit that information processing is the source of intelligence, we have to admit that we are in the process of building some sort of god. Now would be a good time to make sure it’s a god we can live with.
63. When an intelligent machine becomes smarter than humanity, .
A. it will make itself better and may go beyond human control
B. it will help people to the fullest, especially in physical work C. it will threaten people by robbing them of jobs D. it will view itself as human race