Key to Exercises

U1

I

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

tied with a ribbon for decoration

did not have a favorable or friendly feeling toward somebody something that could develop into a greater idea to be successful in life or at work

an increase in the amount you are paid for work

used for emphasizing how little (there is of something) serious formal study or research of a subject

being in a position that gives you an advantage or opportunity

to yield/give in (The metaphor is a card game where a player is said to “fold” when he puts down his cards, realizing that he has a weak hand.) 10. to keep matters enjoyable and not very serious 11. earning (money)

12. to be willing/inclined to do something

13. to be the essential quality of a formal speech

14. publicity (used to talk about how often or how well or badly someone or

something is described in newspapers or magazines)

15. the chances of something happening; the likelihood of being successful 16. the newest and the most advanced 17. facility for physical exercise

18. (AmE. informal) to have fun eating, drinking, and dancing, etc. with other

people

19. (very informal) to be justifiably cheated 20. to be forced to give up

21. to oppose or resist stubbornly and obstinately

22. to attack, to pursue in order to oppose/argue against

23. to have something as the most important part; to boil down to 24. planned direction in which a vehicle is moving

25. to add more details to make something more complete 26. for all involved or affected

V

1. My father had some unhappy experiences with lawyers and policemen (implying that he got into some trouble and was punished in some way) and therefore did not like lawyers and policemen. The speaker’s use of this unashamed admission about his father’s trouble with the law is humorous.

2. My father advised me to study literature since that was what I really liked. I had only one life, unless I had secret knowledge that we can all be reborn again and again (that reincarnation is not just nonsense) and therefore I can go to college many times. My father of course was totally contemptuous of the whole idea of reincarnation.

3. They want the diploma/credentials which will enable them to get well-paid jobs on Wall Street or go to law schools, medical schools, or business schools to become lawyers, doctors, and business executives.

4. In order to be successful, they have to work hard. They must earn the right to keep their job as a professor for as long as they like, keep publishing if they do not want to perish, get higher and higher salaries, and get offers from outside their universities to add to their prestige. And all this can be broadly called scholarly work.

5. The professor saves his energies for his own scholarly work while the student saves

his energies for his friends, socializing, volunteer work, building a network of people who might be useful for his career, and trying in every possible way to

obtain an ideal job upon graduation, which is really the most important goal for him. The speaker is implying that neither the professor nor the student is giving his/her main attention to teaching and learning.

6. Eton, as we know is a “public”(that is, private) school for the British aristocracy. It educates the men who become Britain’s leaders; the ties formed there are

all-important as are the unspoken rules you learn. So what Wellington is saying here is that it was this small and cohesive class and its values that defeated Napoleon.

7. What students are looking for from a liberal arts education is not a luxury, but a necessity. It is not something you could do with, but something you absolutely can’t do without.

8. You may be… someone who is never embarrassed in social gatherings because you are so well-read and so knowledgeable (or who can embarrass others by making them appear ignorant).

9. For some reason, you find that these writers who lived a long time ago seem to know more about you than you do yourself.

10. In reading, I continue to look for one thing. I hope that I can find new ideas and new perspectives that will make me change the course of my life and put me on a new and better road. VI. Phrases

1. 炮制计划

2. 取得一种成就；获得一种技能/本领/功夫 3. 不太喜欢，没有好感 4. 内部消息 5. 课程目录

6. 拥有大量资金的大玩家 7. 首要的目标 8. 成功的前景 9. 印发证书

10. 教学的基本原则 11. 学术出版物 12. 与这问题无关 13. （他）全身心投入 14. 社交生活 15. 建立关系网 16. 为他们谋生计 17. 视而不见 18. 与美国结盟

19. 德才兼备/全面发展的学生 20. 艰苦的任务

21. 挖掘他们的资源 22. 报界的恶评

23. 最新、最先进的健身设施 24. 得来不易的智慧 VII. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

understatement metaphor simile oxymoron alliteration hyperbole euphemism parallel structure antithesis rhyme

Sentences 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

我每次讲话都必须在弗洛伊德有关观点的基础上再努力往前探索。 只是聪明的人都习惯于琢磨他们如何才能顺利谋生的问题。 我当时提出，这种行为完全可以勒令他休学一段时间。

黑色的豪华轿车开来停在他的办公室前面，从车里涌出来大批衣着得体的谈判人。 我那位哥们吓得腿发软了吗？没有，他不是那种人，不过他实在不喜欢这个过程。

6. 你们可能会以为，对于大学教育不该有什么实质性的内容，不该以约翰·济慈喜欢称

之为“心灵培养”为目的的这种观念，教授们和大学校长们一定会十分谨慎，不去张扬。

7. ……那些抱着热切期望的父母们，希望你们能实现自己的理想，或者希望你们能为

他们实现当初没能实现的理想……

8. 常识是一种应该尊重的东西，不过不该向它顶礼膜拜（我不是想和令人钦佩的伯克

抬杠）我认为不该向。

9. 他研究了宗教问题。他说这归根结底是对父亲的热切企盼。

10. 假如那位教授嘲弄你，因为你问了一个严肃的问题而不让有关的人都太平，那你就

必须要坚强，保持你超然的分析的态度。

U2

Ι

1. a piece of equipment of an old-fashioned radio or TV set that you turn to adjust

the volume of the sound

2. very interested in and pleased with something so that you pay a lot of attention

to it

3. to make someone feel that they must watch or listen to something or someone,

because they are so interested in it or attracted by it

4. to play a piece of music using the right rhythm and speed 5. a first appearance in public as of an actor 6. an untidy mixture of things

7. (music) a passage that is repeated

8. to fasten something firmly so that it cannot move

9. something that does not succeed, often in a way that causes embarrassment 10. a public performance of music or poetry, usually given by one person or a small

group

11. a person who adjusts a musical instrument, especially a piano, so that it plays at

the correct pitch

12. (of clothes or fabrics) treated chemically so as to repel clothes moth V

1. I imagined myself as different types of prodigy, trying to find out which one suited me the best.

2. I hated the tests because they represented hopes so high that failure to realize them was inevitable.

3. I had new thoughts, which were filled with a strong spirit of disobedience and rebellion.

4. The girl was of the Shirley Temple type, very energetic and lively.

5. Although I saw signs that warned me that my mother was thinking of turning me into a girl like that on TV, I didn’t feel worried.