1.2 Reading

1. I've just eaten it.

just adv. 意为“刚才”常与完成时连用。

just now 意为“刚才”，相当于“a moment ago”通常与一般过去时连用。 I went to the library just now. 我刚才去了图书馆。 2. You used to share food with me!

used to do sth. 意为“过去经常做某事，以前常常做某事”，表示过去的习惯。本身已是过去时态，没有人称和数的变化，暗含现在已不再如此。它的否定形式有两种：didn’t use to/used not to

His parents used to live in the countryside. 他的父母过去住在乡下。 be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事 3. take turns to talk about it.

turn 用作名词时,意为“轮流”“依次轮流的顺序”。“It's one’s turn to do sth”“轮到某人做某事了” take turns to do sth.“轮流做某事”。

You must stand in line and wait for your turn. 你必须排队等候。 take one's turn to do sth. = do sth. in turn =do sth. by turns turn 用作系动词时,意为“变得”。

In spring the trees turn green and the flowers start to come out. 春天,树变绿了,花儿开了? turn 用作不及物动词时,意为“转向”“翻 转”. turn right / left = turn to the right / left turn on 打开 turn off 关闭 turn down 将（音量）调高 turn up 将（音量）调低 turn into 变成 turn over 使翻转 4. When I got married in 1965, my wife and I moved two blocks away …． get married 结婚

be/get married with /to sb.和某人结婚 marry sb. 和某人结婚

5. Now I feel a bit lonely from time to time.

alone 单独 , 一个人 ( 用作状语 )，强调客观上的

lonely 孤独地 , 寂寞地 (作表语或定语 )；（强调主观上的）偏僻的，荒凉的 a bit/a bit of/ a little

基本含义 a bit 用法辨析 修饰形容词、副词、比较级，修饰名词时后加of，即 a bit of.. 稍微，有点 not a bit=not at all, 意为“一点也不” a little 修饰形容词、副词、比较级 作形容词, 后直接接不可数名词not a little=very much,意为“非稍微，有点 常”,“很” from time to time 关于time的词组

from time to time 时不时地；偶尔（补充） on time 准时 in time 及时 sometime 某个时候 6. Was pollution a problem then? pollution n. 污染（不可数名词）

pollute vt. & vi. 污染 polluted adj. 受污染的 7. Well, in some ways it is．

in some ways“从某种意义/程度上说”。

In some ways, the Mid-autumn Festival is a traditional holiday.从某种意义上说，中秋节是个传统的节日。

与way有关的搭配有：

1. in many ways / in this way表示“以某种方式”。如：

The music is played in a western way.这个音乐是以一种西方形式播放的。

2. on one’s way to表示“在某人去……的路上”，要注意one’s 要与主语保持一致，并且目的地是副词（如home，here，there等）时，要省去to。如： On his way home, Bill saw a pigeon and found its wing was injured. 在回家的路上，比尔看到一只鸽子并发现它的翅膀受伤了。 3. by the way表示“顺便说/问一句”。如：

By the way, have you seen Susan these days? 顺便问一句，你近几天见到苏珊了吗？ 4. anyway表示“尽管；即使这样”

Anyway， it’s good to see the amazing changes in the town. 8. 词组积累

be kind to sb.=be nice to sb. know sth. very well since then move to sp. on railways move two blocks away change a lot/a little in the past/in the future turn/change sth. into sth. water pollution improve the situation put…into… in the town centre =in the centre of town 对某人友好 对…很了解 从那时起 搬到… 在铁路上 搬出两个街区 改变很对/少 在过去/在将来 把…变成… 水污染 改善情况 把…倒入… 在镇中心 in the northern part of town =in the north of town a steel factory As often as before over these years 在镇北部 钢铁厂 像以前一样频繁 在这些年间 1.3 Grammar

Present perfect tense (现在完成时) 项目 内容 ◇表示一个过去发生的动作对现在产生的结果和影响。 Eddie has eaten my food. (Eddie ate the food and now Hobo has nothing to eat.) 概念 ◇表示一个从过去某个时间开始，延续到现在，并有可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。 Eddie has lived with Mille since he was born. Eddie has lived with Mille for four years. 动词过去分词规则变化跟对应的过去式一样，在后面加ed.特殊变化详见书本。（P122-123） 缩略形式： they have=they’ve; he has=he’s 否定They haven’t finished their homework. 形式 He hasn’t finished his homework. 疑问Have they finished their homework? 形式 Yes, they have. / No, they haven’t. 备注 构成 助动词has/have +动词的过去分词 They have finished their homework. 肯定He has finished his homework. 形式 关键already(用于肯定句), yet(用于否定句和疑问句), since+一◇表示过去某一个动作的结果，