生物化学与分子生物学知识点总汇-研究生考试必备 - 百度文库 ر

Ŷȷ۵DZҪģȶʵ۵Ľṹ

ڿռṹʱ޶ԭ򣺶ϸȱĻУ˻ϻڻԭֻ̬зڵʲſܴϸߵʷڵж϶ࡣ ʵάṹǶϸתɶܵƵĽ

17. о۵ķ

۵Ķѧ**۵ͨҵ׵Ĺ󣬶һۻѡ񣬾ÿȷ۵Dzֽṹˣ۵ʵDZֲȷ۵м塣**о۵мķٶѧͣ¶ԾǨNMRH-D**۵̬м׶Σֻ̬жṹṹһ״̬̬γɵҪˮ໥á

״۵IJ裺չ̬١γɾֲṹΪɺ˹̣ͨ۵˵ЭͬۼγɳʼĽṹЩṹװ̬ܶԽṹĹеγṹĵʵȻ

18.ڵ۵칹øͰµײμӣ

칹ø֣칹øܿٴ߻飬¿γȷĶĻ칹ø߻İγɵļɷʽתΪ˳ʽ

19.Ӱ£ͨIJǡۼųʲĽϣЭȷ۵ĵʡϵķӰ дӣTF(NAC)ͲϵķӰ£ȼ70hsp70) ȼ40hsp40) Hsp70ĸӣGrpE ȼ60hsp60)书Уٷ۵׵ı¶ˮ΢ڴһĻʿɻŵڴ۵۴ٽ۵ȥۺϢӦʱʹѾ۵ĵȥ۵ ʵĽṹ빦

쵰׵ɣһһѪɡȥѪصѸ쵰׳Ϊ鵰ס153лɡ

Ѫصִʽ Fe2+Ѫء쵰 Fe3+Ѫء쵰סֻ쵰ײϡ

O2뼡쵰׵ĽϣO2뼡쵰еλϣFe-O߲ƽ60ȽǡУѪFeԭӵĵۼ벻ͬķӽϣʱˮϣȥ쵰ףʱܹγϼ쵰ס

Ѫ쵰׵ҪܣѪҺнϲת

Ѫ쵰ɣ4ǻ?ǻ141AA?ǻ146AA

4Ѫػÿǻһ;ÿ?ǻ?ǻ ṹ뼡쵰ף153AAΪơ

Ѫ쵰УѪFeԭӵĵۼ벻ͬķӽϣʱܹγѪ쵰(HbO2)ʱˮϣȥѪ쵰(Hb)

乹൰ڱ书ʱᷢһĸı䣬󣬽б乹Ѫ쵰ס

ȥѪ쵰ǻμ8μ6ڲͬǻ䡣64漰C-ĩ˻N-ĩ˲л???Asp126Arg141л⣬ÿ?AspFG1HisHC3μ BohrЧӦpHѪ쵰׵׺ӰΪBohrЧӦ H+CO2ٽͷ

BohrЧӦ壺ѪҺ֯رлѸٵļʱpHϵͣCO2ŨȽϸߣ

5

Ѫ쵰ͷʹܱ֯ȵp(O2)ͻøͷִٽѪ쵰H+CO2ĽϣŻѪҺáѪҺβʱ෴

H+ٽͷŵԭH+N-ĩ˵İC-ĩ˵HisϣʹЩӻμγɣѪ쵰T̬γɣٽͷš

CO2Ѫ쵰׽ϣR̬ʱǻN-˵ĦģCO24ǻNĩ˵ĦϣͷŵӿɹBohrγɵİỹγɶμȶT̬ٽͷš BPGHb׺

BPGĽϲλĸǻ޺γɵѨɵBPG£ĴɵIJŽϣͨӼһBPG֮ЩӼȶѪ쵰T̬Ĺ󣬴ٽͷšBPGѪ쵰׶׺ܴ

Ӳڻͻ䵼µһṹıŴƶѪ

SH2ṹṹԼ100лɣṹ൱أоSH2ṹһķƽеĦƬģ-һЩṹ

SH2ṹ90ǷữҰἤøϵźתд󲿷ֺSH2ṹ򡣽һо֣SH2ṹҲữҰϣֽԵģͬSH2ṹ벻ͬĺữҰᣨpTyrлϣ˿/հлû׺

ɽSH2 ĵ״ַΪࣺһΪøøԶεźתDZزٵģΪøԵźתס

SH2ṹɹΪIΪҰ-ˮ-ˮ-ˮIIΪҰ-ˮ-X-ˮ SH2Ĺ Ĥλܣӽ ҰữźŴ 乹

SH2ṹĵʹܲ֬л ữȥữGTPøǨƺϸǼܹ

Ŀǰ֪ļSH3ṹγɵάռṹнϴ۲죬ǵĻǼܽṹ˽ṹǺƵģ۵ֱĦƬ㣬һЩذᾭ۵ɵˮΪġڴ

SH3ĹͬصǽλΪһЩIJлԼ10ᣩIJΪPXXPXΪװ֮һᣩ

PHṹźתв鵼뵰֮ãҽ鵼֮֬Ľ԰ĤĶλPHṹĵ׼źתҲϸǼγ

PHἡΪһPKCΪڶG׵ĦrǻΪ

ǵ

1.Ǹ(glycoconjugate)ǡǻøĴ߻뵰ʻ֬ȷʵضλ۽γɵĻǸǸࣺǵס׾ǡ֬ǡ֬ȡ

2.ǻãglycosylation) ǡǻøĴ߻뵰ʻ֬ȷʵضλ۽γǸḶ́ǻ

3.ǵףGlycoproteinsĸ:ȻзֲһǸеϸܺϳǵףɶ뵰ʹɡ

N-ļǵİȩǻϵAsnϵİγN-ļ仯.N-Χںķǻԭˣֱ仯

N-ΧIJͬN-ַΪࣺͣӵķַ֧Ϊ ߸¶ Ӻ

N-ǻλ

N-ΪAsn-X-SerAsn-X-Thr(XлProİᣩֻһDZڵN-ǻλ㣬ǷǻҪĿռṹһжദڦ£תǴʱڵʷӱ棩ſǻ

еXΪ԰лʱΪNXΪǼ԰лʱΪ߸¶

6

N.

O-ļϵİȩǻϵThr, Ser, HyPro, HyLysǻγO-ļ

O-ǻλ ṹв壻ǻλڵʷӱ棻λ㸽ProSer/ThrȽϼд O-GlcNAcǻ

൰ص㣺ǻλֻ1GlcNAcǻ ǻһֶ̬ƽ ϸ˺ϸ

O-GalNAcİ;-T-X-X-X-,1XΪThr-X-P-X-X-X-1XΪThr -X-X-T-X1XΪ԰᣻-S-X-X-X-1XΪSer ΢۲һԣͣglycoform)ڳֵľͬͲͬṹͬǵ׵ ΢۲һԣͣɱΪʽͬһǻλӲͬеǻλǷDZصλ㣻жǻλ㣬ÿһǻλ㶼κ¶ǻ ϳɵĻص㣺ǻ壺ϳĵǵĻʽ᳤֡ƴʽƴdolichol,Dol)ǾϩһǻͨǻʽGDP-Man,UDP-GlcNAc ǻ:AsnSer/Thrǻʰ֬͵ǻ

ǻתøϳɵĻڣǻ嶼и߶ȵרһԣһĺϳҪһǻתøһȺ󷢻ɣͬͬһIJͬ֯ͬһ֯ϸIJͬ׶ΣͬͲ״̬ǻתøıܴ͵ij֡ף90ǶNΰ˶N-½ͺӡһӦһռ

NĺϳN-ĺϳĺϳͬʱ,ϳɲλǴ͸߶壻

N-ĺϳɵƼùN-ϳɲϳĹǰ壨GǣǰתƵŵϳȥǰijЩǵλʣĹǺټǷ ǵĺϳɣϸںϳɳֽжƴϩԪɣCTPӦ᳤ʽϵĤϣ13ӵGlcNAcϵ᳤ϣ15ӵMan¶ǽϣ2תǻ3¶һ᳤ϣ4תǻ54¶Ǽϵϣ6һ᳤ϣ7תǻ83Ǽϵϣ9ϵĹתƵ춬ϡ10

ǵ͸߶УǻתøˮøĹͬ£ӹΪǵס

OĺϳO-ĺϳϳ֮ϳɣO-ṹ򵥣ȱԵĹԣO-GalNAcо࣬ϸ֯޹ͬǰ壬ضλǻγɣϳɵĵڸӡO-GalNAcĺϳɣ

øøǻϺϳɲN-ǻΣ˳ʽ߶ни¶ǵữγMan-6-Pʽ߶еMan-6-PʶʹøֿŨԳѿķʽת˵ø塣

Ľǡеøнн⡣һɲͬˮøӷǻԭǻˮļרһˮøˮ⡣O-ˮ⣺һĽͬʱУҺʱˮ⡣

G-(G-oligosaccharide)ںϳN-ʱڴкϳɶƴʮһͬǰ壬ͬǰG-ǡ

鷭루co-translation):N-ϳǺ͵ĺϳͬʱУԱΪ鷭롣

ѧܲ۵͵޺,N-ǰGGlc۵أǵ׵תˣּͷڣøøȱMan-6-Pת˵ø塣ǵףѪϵ׵ijЩάǵ׻裻ùشø£øִ߻ԣϸӣ໥ã壭ϡʶͽϡϸճšԭϮȡ

ʶ(molecular recognition)ָӵѡ໥ã翹ԭ뿹֮䡢øƼ֮䡢֮רһԽϡ

7

ϸʶ(cellular recognition) ϸӵ໥ʶ

(receptor)ָλϸĤϡϸʻϸ԰ԷӣźŷӣרһϲϢݸЧӦͨøӶӦѧЧӦӡ (ligand)ʶ𲢽ϵԷӳΪ塣

ϸճ(cell adhesion)ϸϸ໥ʶۼϸȺ ϸճŵԭϸ֮ǵףԭססף׾ǡ͸ɵİʣγһṹϸͽ֯Уϸϸϸ֮ͨϸĤϵĤڵסճŵסѪַܵѡ񵰰ףϵʳΪճŷӻճŵףȷӶɵģЩճ״ǺN-ǵס ǵ׵

ǵ׵ķֲ빦ܲͬճҺǵףڵճҺףճסθճҺסѪǵףصףٻ弤أף ѪܵѪøԭøԭ򵰰׺ͲṹǵףΪʵĽṹ罺ԭסճסףĤǵףѪͿԭ֯ԿԭֲԭͼصĤ塣

ǵ׵﹦øԣͬøʽͬ ػ Ӧ֢Ӧתƣأ Ѫ ϸճšʶ ת ѪҺ ṹ֧ ԭagglutinogen):ӺϸĤȡѪͿԭΪԭ

Դأػֲأһǿĵʻǵףרһطǹ۽ϣϸͳǺ͸ǵá

صĹܣѡԣֲء΢ĸȾϸءز֢ӦӦתƵȡֲضԶϸãΪ˿ԭٽϸתͨǽϲϸϸϸԼӵճţһϵѧЧӦӦ֢ӦתƵȡ

ʷᴿһΪĸ׶Σһ׶Σǰѡġܼ鷽ķ룬ȡҺڶ׶ΣַּܽȲ죬ʵijķᴿ׶ΣϸּƱԾ۱ϩӾܶݶȣȵ۽һᴿҲɲýᾧԵʽһᴿĽ׶ΣȼSDS۱ϩӾȵ۽ij

øıȻָÿøеøλøƼȵһָꡣȻλ/mgףܻλ/ܵmg λ ܻλ/mløҺml

øλøλU):һ£һʱڽһĵתΪҪøIUøĹʵλʷӦ£ÿӴ߻һ΢ĦҪøΪһøλkatøĹʵλһ1ת1Ħø1kat=6*107U

SOD:һlmLӦҺٶȵ50øΪһøλU

? øĺøλʾÿøƼÿøƼжøλʾ (U/gU/ml ? ָᴿᴿǰøȻıֵ ÿαȻ/һαȻ ? øʣָøԵʡ= ÿܻ/һܻ

1. ԭ˻صһҪ֯ʽбصı뵰ʵĻɳΪṹܱRNAۺøʶ𡢽ϲת¼һDNAгΪӣԷΪ: ԪԪܱصԽϵһDNAгΪнϵĵص׵ĻΪػ򡣸RNAۺøת¼ֹźŵDNAгΪֹӣterminatorT

2. (repressive protein)ϺֹܼصĻת¼鵼ĵطʽΪ(negative regulation)

(activating protein)ϺǿصĻת¼鵼ĵطʽΪ(positive regulation)

ЧӦijЩضص׽ϣʹص׵Ŀռ乹仯ӶıԻת¼Ӱ죬ЩضʿɳΪЧӦeffector֣յ(inducer)

3ֹٿԷΪࣺһDzӣֹӣֹӺӣֹӣ

8