3. What is emphasized in the Confucian philosophy of “life”? Please illustrate it with an example（儒家“生命”哲学强调什么？请举例说明。）.
In the Confucian philosophy of “life”, love for and kindness toward all living things are emphasized.
在儒家的“生命”哲学中，强调对一切生命的热爱和善待。 4. What is the attitude of the Tang Dynasty toward other cultures（唐代对其他文化的态度如何？）?
Tang Dynasty tolerated and absorbed elements from all foreign cultures.
唐代对外来文化宽容和吸收。
5.Why are Zheng He’s voyages to the Western Seas considered to be the greatest ones compared with the European explorers of his time （为什么郑和的西洋之旅被认为是与他那个时代的欧洲探险家相比最伟大的？）?
Because compared with those explorers,Zheng He’s voyages took place much earlier and on a much larger scale.And Zheng He’s ships were also constructed with advanced technology and craft.
因为与那些探险家们相比，郑和的航行时间更早，规模更大，郑和的船只也是用先进的技术和工艺建造的。
6.What’ s the meaning of “ren” (仁）(benevolence) according to Confucius（根据孔子，“仁”是什么意思?）?
Confucius interpreted ren as “love of people”, which begins with the “love for one’s parents”.
孔子把仁解释为“对人民的爱”，从“爱父母”开始。
7.What are important factors when making and drinking tea（沏茶和喝茶的重要因素是什么？）?
The Chinese attach great importance to the water,tea leaves,tea set and fire,when making and drinking tea.
中国人在沏茶和喝茶的时候非常重视水、茶叶、茶具和火候。 8.Why was Tang Capital Chang’an considered to be the largest and the most prosperous international city in the world at the time（为什么唐代长安被认为是当时世界上最大、最繁荣的国际城市？）? The Tang capital Chang’an could be said to be the largest metropolis in the world at the time because of its enormous size, large population and large number of foreign visitors.
唐代长安城规模巨大，人口众多，外来游人众多，可以说是当时世界上最大的大都会。
9.How do you understand “ the great virtue is like water” (你是怎么理解上善若水的) .
“Water nourishes everything but contends for nothing”.To Laozi,humans tend to seek higher positions while water always flows to lower places.Driven by desire,humans like whatever they think is superior while despising whatever they think is inferior.Yet water always flows downward.As the source of life water nourishes all living things on Earth.
“水善万物而不争。”在老子看来，人往高处走，水往低处流。人情受欲望驱动，好高而恶下，而水却永远往下流淌。水是生命之源，可以滋润万物，给大地带来生命。
10.What qualities do Chinese calligraphy and dance share（中国书法和舞蹈有什么共同点？）?
Both Chinese calligraphy and dance involve movements which are swift, smooth and elegant,slow,gentle and enchanting.
中国书画和舞蹈都是动作迅速、流畅、优雅、缓慢、柔和、迷人。
11.According to Confucius ,what qualities are “persons of virtue” supposed to have（根据孔子的说法，“品德人”应该具备什么素质？）? “persons of virtue” should have sound character and uplifted minds.Such persons should be able to shoulder important social responsibilities and to make contributions to society. Confucius regarded lofty ideals,great virtue,love of people, and the “six arts” as the general principles of education.Of these,virtue was the most important.
“品德人”要有健全的人格和清醒的头脑，这样的人才能承担起重要的社会责任，为社会做出贡献。他认为崇高的理想，伟大的美德，对人民的热爱，和“六艺”作为教育的基本原则。其中，美德是最重要的。
12.What are the purposes of Zheng He’s missions to the Western Seas（郑和下西洋的任务是什么？）?
When Emperor Yongle sent Zheng He on the missions to the Western Seas, he expected to show off the prosperity of the Ming Empire as well as to put his ideals into practice, of making friends with and spreading peace to other countries near and far.
永乐皇帝派郑和下西洋，一方面是为了在世人面前显示大明帝国的强盛，另一方面也是为了实现和顺万邦，与远近各国相安无事，以共享太平之福的外交理想。