月份常用缩写形式表示:缩写形式除May,June,July外,其它的月份都由其前三个字母表示,但September除外。January—Jan. February—Feb. March—Mar. April—Apr.
August—Aug. September—Sept. October—Oct. November—Nov. December—Dec. 注:这里缩写形式后面加点不能省略 C.日期 在具体哪一天要添加介词on
National Day is on Oct. 1.(October first也可以表示为 National Day is on the 1st of October.) May 5(th) 五月五日(读作May fifth) 也可以表示为the fifth(5th)of May Mar. 1(st) (读作March first或 the first of March)
★★注:通常情况下morning,afternoon,evening等词前用介词in。但是,当这些词前后有一修饰限定的词作为定语,把它们限定为某一天早晨、下午或晚上时,介词应改为on。这里的修饰限定词可以是介词短语、名词、形容词、定语从句等。 On a cold morning,the old man died lonely in his house.
The accident happened on the afternoon of July 7./ We are to have a small test on Monday morning. ★四、分数表示法.
1).结构: a).分子用基数词,分母用序数词 .b).当分子大于1时,分母加复数.
3/4 three fourths或 three quarters 1/3 one third或a third 1/2 a half = one second 1 1/2 one and a half 2).注意:
a).当分数后面接可数名词时,如果分数表示的值大于1,名词用复数;<1,名词用单数。 1 1/2 hours 一个半小时(读作 one and a half hours) 4/5 meter 五分之四米 2 3/4 mete rs 二又四分之三米(读作two and three-fourths meters) ★b).分数词作主语时, 谓语动词根据分数词后面的名词来确定.
Two fifths of the milk ______(be ) drunk by Tom . One third of the students _______(be )girls . 五 、小数表示法
1. 小数用基数词来表示,小数点读作 point,o读作 zero或o[ou],整数部分为零时,可以省略不读。 0.4 zero point four或point four 零点四 10.23 ten point two three 十点二三 25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五点六七 l.03 one point o three 一点零三
2. 当数字值大于1时,小数后面的名词用复数,数字值小于1时,小数后面的名词用单数。 1.03 meters 一点零三米 0.49 ton 零点四九吨 l.5 tons 一点五吨
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六、百分数表示法 : 百分数=基数+percent表示 这里的percent不用复数形式。 50% fifty percent 3% three percent 0.12% zero point one two percent 七、数量表示法
1. 表示长、宽、高、面积等: 用基数词+单位词(meter,foot,inch,kilogram等)+ 形容词(long,wide,high等)表示,或者用基数词+单位词 + in + 名词(length, width, height, weight等)表示。 two meters long或 two meters in length 2米长 three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高
2. 表示温度时,用below zero表示零下温度,温度=基数词+degree(s)+单位词(centigrade摄氏)表示。thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36℃ four degrees below zero centigrade或 -4℃ 摄氏零下4度
这里的单位词在人们都很清楚是什么度量制度时,可以省略。It’s seven degrees below zero. 今天是零下七度。(摄氏) ★3. 表示时间、距离时,使用含数词的名词所有格形式作定语。
five minutes` walk 步行五分钟(的距离) one kilometer’s distance 一公里远。 ★4. 数词加名词单数构成的短语,短语中间要用连字符“-”来连接,作定语修饰名词 It’s a five-minute walk from the library to the playground. She’s a sixteen-year-old girl. 八、特殊用法
★1.数词作主语,谓语动词用单数。如: Two months is quite a long time.
Four and two is six.What’s two and three?
2.一个半小时(一年半,一个半月可类推)one/an hour and a half =one and a half hours
专题五 形容词与副词
中考试题对形容词的考查涉及形容词原级、比较级和最高级的各种句型,形容词作定语的位置,易混淆的形容词用法辨析等。从考查形式看,一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。
一. 形容词:形容词主要用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词。形容词在句中可用作表语、定语、补语等。
1.作定语,放在名词前, something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词之后;形容词修饰疑问代词时,也须
放在其后。 如:It’s a cold and windy day. Would you like something hot to drink? What else can you see? 你还能看见其它什么东西?
2.作表语,放在系动词之后。常见的系动词有be, become, get(变), turn(变), feel, look(看起来), seem, smell, sound, taste。
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如: He looks happy today. Silk feels soft. 绸子摸起来很软。 Milk is able to turn bad easily in summer. 3.作宾补,放在宾语之后
★ keep/find/make/think+宾语+形容词(作宾补) We are making our country strong. 4. 形容词的排列顺序:
如:a big yellow Chinese wooden ship(一个黄色的大型中国木船) ★前置形容词(作定语)的顺序为:
限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老;颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠; ①“限定词”包括:冠词、物主代词、指示代词、或数词等。
②表观点的 “描绘”性形容词如:beautiful、bad、interesting、great等。 ③“大长高”表示大小、长短、高低等一些词big,small, ,short, tall ④表示“形状”的词如:round, square等。
⑤年龄,新旧,颜色的形容词young,old,new,white,red等 ⑥ “国籍”指一个国家或地区的词。Chinese,rural(乡村的) ⑦ “材料”的词如:wooden, woolen, stone,silk等。
⑧“作用类别”的词如:medical, college,writing desk,police car等。 两个圆形的蓝色日本塑料盘 5、有关形容词的用法辨析: ⑴ whole与all:记住两个词序:
① the whole + 名词;如:He was busy the whole morning.(整个早晨他都很忙) ② all (of) the + 名词。 He can remember all the words he learns. ⑵ tall与high, short与low:
①指人的个子(树、楼)时用tall与short;如:He’s very tall/short.(他个子高/矮) Tall trees are standing on both sides of that avenue. ②指其他事物(含价格price时)一般用high与low。 A few people live on high mountains. ⑶ real与true:
① real一般指东西的真假,译为“真的” This is a real diamond and it’s very expensive. ②true指事情或消息的可靠性“真实的”--Is that true?—Yes. I heard it with my own ears. ⑷ interested与interesting的区别:
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① interesting指人或东西“有趣的”,作定语或表语, 如:The man is very interesting and all the children like him. / .........
This book is interesting and you can really enjoy yourself. ② interested则表示人对别的事物“感兴趣的 I am interested in science. (excited/exciting; ....”,只能作表语.....
bored/boring等类似)
(5)nice与fine:的区别:nice表示令人愉快的,可以指东西、人物外表等;
如:Let’s go and share the nice cake./ She is a nice girl.(漂亮的)
【good/well区别见资料】fine一般指身体或天气好 What a fine day!(多好的天气!)/ I am fine.我身体很好
(6)too much与much too:
①too much表示“太多的”,修饰不可数名词,表数量;如:I am full because I have had too much rice. ②much too表示“太”,修饰形容词或副词,表程度。 That coat is much too dear.
(7) quick、fast与soon:quick与fast基本同义①quick常指反应速度快After a quick lunch, he hurried to school leaving his bag at home.②fast往往指运动速度快, A train is much faster than a bus.
③soon则表示时间上很快即将发生(将来时)。His father will be back to China very soon.
(8)lonely与alone:
①lonely 有感情色彩的形容词,意思是:“孤独的,寂寞的;荒凉的”,作定语或表语 ②alone adj.“独自的,单独的”,客观情况,仅作表语,(作为副词的alone可作状语)。
如:He lives alone but he doesn’t feel lonely.(他一人独住,但是并不感到孤独)He is a lonely person.
(9)sick与ill区别:①sick和ill都表示“生病的”,但是,sick可以做定语、表语,而ill只能做表语,如:He has been ill/sick for a long time and he is very weak now. Vets help treat sick pets and most of the pets’ owners like them.
②ill做定语意为“坏的”ill words坏话
二.副词
中考试题对副词的考查涉及常用副词的用法、副词等级的各种句型、易混淆的副词用法辨析等。 1. 副词的分类
副词按词汇意义可分为:
方式副词:well,fast,slowly,carefully,quickly 程度副词:very,much,enough,almost,rather,quite
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