Module 8 语法要点

在上个模块中，我们学习了be 的过去式，那么一般动词的过去式是如何构成的呢？请同学们观察下面的两个例句：

John often goes to school by bike, but today he walked to school. 杰克经常骑

自行车去学校，但是今天他是走路去的学习。

I live in Beijing now, but I lived in Shanghai three years ago. 我现在住在北

京，但是三年前我住在上海。

从上面的两个例句中我们不难看出，walked,lived所表达的都是过去的事情。也就是说，单我们谈论过去的动作或状态时，常常使用一般过去时，句中的谓语要用动词的过去式形式。动词的过去式的构成大致是在动词后面加-ed。这类变化被称为动词的规则变化。

变化规则 一般动词结尾加-ed walk, finish 原形 listen, 过去式 look, walked,listened, looked,finished lived,noticed,decided hurried,married 以“不发音的e结尾”的动词后面加-d live,notice,decide 以“辅音字母+y结尾”，y变为i,再加-ed hurry,marry 以“元音字母+一个辅音字母结尾”的重读闭音节动词，先双写辅音字母，再加stop,step stopped,stepped 1 / 4

-ed

如果要表示过去没有做过某事或某事没有发生，则要用过去时的否定形式。根据行为动词一般现在时否定形式的构成规律，行为动词过去式的否定形式也要加助动词。不过不是加do/does,而是加do/does的过去式did。

She didn’t like the food in the big bowl. 她不喜欢大碗里的食物。 They didn’t notice Goldilocks at first. 他们一开始没注意到金凤花姑娘。 Baby Bear didn’t look in the bedroom. 熊宝宝没有往卧室里看。

从以上的例子中可以看出，一般过去时的否定助动词didn’t没有人称和数的变化。否定句中由于加了didn’t，原来的谓语动词变成了原形。

I walked to school today. 我今天步行去了学校。 I didn’t walk to school today. 我今天没有走路上学。

如果要询问别人早晨是否听新闻了，昨晚是否看电视了，因该怎么说呢？这时需要采用疑问形式。

Did you listen to the news in the morning? 你早上听新闻了吗？ Did you watch TV yesterday evening? 你昨天晚上看电视了吗？

一般过去式的疑问形式同一般现在时的一样，也是通过在句首加助动词构成的。不同的是，一般现在时的疑问形式采用的助动词是do/does，而一般过去时使用的是did。在一般过去时的疑问句中，谓语动词变成了原形。

I telephoned my parents yesterday. 我昨天给父母打电话了。

Did you telephone your parents yesterday? 你昨天给父母打电话了吗？ Yes，I did. 是的，我打了。 No, I didn’t. 没有，我没打。

一、用适当的词完成下列对话 1.— How was your weekend? — It ______ great.

2.— What ______ she ______ last weekend?

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— She _______ to the beach.

3.— What _______ they do last weekend? — They ________ to the movies. 二、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空

1. We _________ (enjoy) ourselves at the party last night. 2.Jack ____________ (study) for the English test last Sunday. 3._______ you ______ (go) to the Great Wall last year? 4. What day _______ (be) it yesterday?

5.The old man _______(be)ill and went to see a doctor. 6.We ________ (have) a party last night.

7.We __________ (visit) the museum and went home. 8.— How _______ (be) the students? — They were very friendly.

9.He often _______ (have) supper at home. Today he ______ (have) supper at school. 10.— ______ he _______ (have) lunch at nine? — No, he didn’t.

11.They _________(buy) a guitar yesterday. 二、选择填空

( ) 1. Lee ________ his mobile phone at home. A. leave B. leaves C. leaved D. left

( ) 2. _____ he ________ a good rest? No, he didn’t. A. Do; hadB. Did; have

C. Did; had D. Was; had

( ) 3. As soon as he ________, he ______ to his family. A. arrived; writes B. arrived; written

C. arrived; wrote D. arrived; write

( ) 4. MrBlack was late because he _______ his way. A. losted B. lose C. loses D. lost

( ) 5. When _________ Lee ________ school this morning? A. did; got to B. did; get to

C. Did; get D. did; got

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参考答案

一、1.was 2.did；do；went 3.did；went

二、1.enjoyed 2. studied 3.Did；go 4.was 5. was 6.had 7.visited 8.were 9.has；had 10.Did；have 11.bought 三、1.D 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.B

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