2018年中考英语语法知识点总结(绝对精品) 下载本文

(7) 用在姓氏复数形式前,表示一家人或夫妇 (8) 和形容词连用,表示一类人 (9) 用在江河湖海及山脉名词前 (10) 用在某些固定词组中 The Smiths are watching TV. The old should be looked after well. The Changjiang River is the longest river in China. in the morning / evening / afternoon, in the daytime, in the end, at the same time, by the way, at the age of, at the beginning of, in the middle of, at the moment 考点3 不用冠词的情况

基本用法 (1) 在专有名词(国名、城市名、人名、 路名)前不用冠词 (2) 在季节、月份、星期、节日前不用冠词 (3 ) 在球类运动、棋类和学科名词前不用冠词 (4) 三餐饭前不用冠词 (5) 名词前有―this, that, those, these, my, your, some ‖等词修饰时不用冠词 have breakfast / lunch / supper/ dinner This is my best friend. Mr Zhang likes playing football and chess. In summer / on Monday / in 1995 例句 Beijing is a beautiful city. (6) 用在某些固定词组中 at home, watch TV, listen to music, on foot, in bed, in hospital, at first, in trouble, in public, by bus, at noon, at night 注意:1. 中国的传统节日前一般加―the‖:the Mid-Autumn Day 中秋节; the Spring Festival ;具体某年的季节前一般加―the‖:in the winter of 2009在2009年的冬天

2. 但三餐饭前如有形容词修饰时,可以用冠词, 如:have a nice breakfast吃一顿美味的早餐

数词

常考基数词、序数词一览表

数字 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 基数词 one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen 序数词 first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth 数字 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 基数词 sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen twenty twenty-one twenty-two thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety one hundred 序数词 sixteenth seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth twentieth twenty-first twenty-second thirtieth fortieth fiftieth sixtieth seventieth eightieth ninetieth 基数词变序数词口诀: 1,2,3特殊记,结尾各为t,d,d; 加th,4开始; 8少t, 九去e,千万别忘记; (eighth,ninth) 5和12不规则,f来把ve替; (fifth,twelfth) 20到90, y结尾变成ie; (twentieth) 若是几十几,前基后序就可以。

考点1 基数词

(1) 基数词表示数量,后面一般接复数名词(―一‖除外)。如: seven days (2) 基数词的读法:

① 从右向左看,每隔三位划一逗号,倒数第一个逗号之前要用thousand,倒数第二个逗号之前要用million,倒数第三的逗号之前要用billion表示。

如: 7,258,366,200 可读为: seven billion,two hundred and fifty-eight million,three hundred

and sixty-six thousand,two hundred

② 百位与十位之间要加and。 如:one hundred and twenty-five;十位与个位之间要加连词符。如:seventy-four

(3) hundred,thousand, million,billion, dozen前面有具体数字时,后面不加s 和of;如果没有具体数字, 后面必须加s 和of。如:five hundred (五百), hundreds of(成百上千的), ten thousand(一万), thousands of(成千上万的), millions of(上百万的) (4) 时间的读法

顺读法: 点钟+分钟 如:2:05 two five 3:50 three fifty 逆读法:

① 分钟 ≤ 30,用―past‖:分钟 + past + 点钟 (几点过几分)

如:4:15 four fifteen / a quarter past four 6:30 half past six = thirty past six ② 分钟> 30分钟,用―to‖:分钟(60-分钟数) + to +(点钟+1) (几点差几分) 如:7:40 twenty to eight 8:45 a quarter to nine = fifteen to nine 整点的表达 :点钟 + o'clock。 如:9:00 nine o'clock

(5) 编号的表达 名词+基数词 = the+序数词+名词

如:Lesson One = the first lesson

(6) 小数点用―point‖ ; 百分数用―percent‖的表达。如:1.4 one point four;

60% sixty percent

(7) 与表示度量衡单位的词连用:10米深/长/宽/高 ten meters deep /long /wide / tall

考点2 序数词

(1) 序数词表示顺序,前面一般有―the‖ 或代词修饰,后面一般接名词单数。

如:Monday is the second day of the week. Today is his seventeenth birthday. 注意:a / an + 序数词表示:又一,再一 (表示泛指)

I have failed twice, but I want to try a third time.

(2) 分数的表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1,分母+s。

如:1/3 one third; 3/4 three fourths / three quarters (3) 日期的表达 月-日-年

如: It happened on January the second, 1990. / It happened on January 2,1990.

考点3 其他重点表达

半小时 half an hour 半天 half a day 两天半 two and a half days = two days and a half 一至两天 one or two days = one day or two 在20世纪90年代 in the 1990s 在他30多岁 in his thirties

再多两天 two more days = another two days

考点1:形容词、副词的基本用法

(1) 形容词一般放在名词前面, be动词后面。副词一般放在动词后面或形容词前面 ,副词一

般以ly结尾。

但有的动词后面只能用形容词。如常考词:五个感官动词:look, feel,smell, taste, sound;四个变得 :turn, get, become,go (变质); 四个句型: keep, make,think, make /stay

如:The book is interesting. This is an interesting book.

The boy looks sad.

(2) 形容词修饰复合不定代词 (something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody

anybody, nobody, everybody, everyone)时,要放在不定代词的后面。 如:The teacher has something important to tell us. (3) enough (足够) 放在名词前面,形容词、副词后面。 如:I don't have enough money to buy the bike.

考点2:形容词、副词的比较级、最高级的变化规则

基 本 变 化 规 则 (1) 一般情况下比较级在词尾直接加er,最高级加est。 (2) 以e结尾的词,在词尾加r构成比较级,加st构成最高级。 (3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y改i, 再加er构成比较级,加est构成最高级。 例 词 small—smaller—smallest stronger—strongest nice—nicer—nicest l ate—later—latest heavy—heavier—heaviesteasier—easiest big—bigger—biggest hot—hotter—hottest easy— strong—(4) 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词,双写辅音字母, 再加er或est构成比较级和最高级。