Comprehension of text

1.He changed his perspective and observed people who did not have smallpox. 2.He wants to give a good example of lateral thinking.

3.He compares the human brain to a computer and the change of one's point of view to the reprogramming of the computer. 4.It is to fight it.

5.He calls it vertical thinking.

6.He used the technique of lateral thinking.

7.The key is to make a shift in emphasis instead of fighting the problem head-on. 8.They should change their point of view and regard themselves as their body's keeper. 9.Very often lateral thinking yields much better results than vertical thinking. 10.It is approaching the target from a sideways point of view instead of approaching it directly.

Vocabulary

1.tactic 2.utmost 3.structure 4.slack 5.significance 6.head-on 7.dead end 8.erased 9.framework 10.vertical;vertical 11.ceased 12.flaw 13.implies 14.affirmed

1.wound up being 3.take in 5.take over 2 pulling on 4.in effect 6.ended up teaching

Word building

1.approach 2.fought 3.cure 4.pressured 5.focus 6.approach 7.program 8.experienced

9 switch 10.escape 11.fail 12.escaped

assistant accountant servant dependent attendant contestant defendant consultant inhabitant occupant 1 attendant 2.servant 3.consultans 6 occupants 7.assistant 8 inhabitants

Structure

1.of use

2.of great importance

3.of great/critical/extreme significance 4.of little value 5.of marked benefit 6.of invaluable help

1. should have told me at once2. 2.should have told me beforehand3. 3.should have left the company long ago 4. never should have happened 5. should have left thirty minutes ago 6. should have phoned

Cloze

4.contestant 9.dependants 5.accountant 10.defendant 1-5 CDBDA 6-10 BBDBB 11-15 CABDC

Transition

一般西方人解决问题的方法是与之搏斗。“进展越困难，硬汉子越向前”这句话便代表了这种解决问题的积极进取的态度。不管是什么问题，不管可以用来解决问题的方法是什么，我们西方人的思维方式所产生的框架总是搏斗。德?博诺医生称之为纵向思维；即那种传统的、按顺序的、亚里士多德式的逻辑思维，坚定地从一步移到下一步，就像玩具积木一块搭在另一块之上。当然，它的缺陷是，如果在任何时刻其中一步没有达到，或者一块积木没有放对，那么整个结构就会坍塌。事情就会陷入僵局，沮丧、紧张和搏斗的情绪就会笼罩心头。横向思维，德?博诺医生说，是对事物进行思考的一种新方法——一种完全避免这种拼搏，用一种完全出人意料的方式解决问题的方法。

1. Tom was hung up on the problem but could do nothing about it until he learnt to solve it with different tactics.

2.Lateral thinking has helped him to advance his new theory which had seemed to reach a dead end.

3.The framework of our latest construction plan has been affirmed by the local government. Whether it will be carried out on time is of the utmost significance to the development of this coastal city.

4.While trying to find a solution to the problem, Edward reached an impasse in his thinking, but later he changed his point of view and solved the problem in an entirely unexpected fashion.

5.Many people believe that computer labs will eventually take over from the libraries and students who want to take in new knowledge will end up learning everything in the computer lab.

6.Yesterday his car crashed into a truck almost head-on. If he does not stop driving so carelessly, I am sure he will wind up in the emergency room of a hospital.

7.There is a flaw in the structural design of the painting. Why don't you erase the vertical lines and simplify it a little bit?

8.John should have given up smoking a long time ago. After all, health is of the utmost importance to everybody.

Text B

Vocabulary exercises

1 logical 2.emerge 3.strive 4 scattered 5.respectable 6.cunning 7.recommended 8.reluctant 9 sacrifice 10 bargains 11analyze 12 illustrated

1. Pick up 2.better off 3.is connected with 4.work out 5.stooped down 6.propposed a bargain 7.as it is 8.drew out 9.fall short 10.leaving behind

Error correction

1 that which

2 distinguishes two ways distinguishes between two ways 3 another other 4 than that 5 that what 6 lateral vertical 7 require requires 8 in on 9 feature features 10 adequate inadequate

Text C

1. D 2. D 3. B 4. A

5. it’s a process of reasoning from general principles to particular cases 6. B 7. B 9. A 10. C

8. the student perception of key relationships that lead directly to a solution.

Unit 4