us to succeed in. What I'm saying is, I loved my university because it taught us all to be resourceful and we could make what we wanted out of it.
[G] I was lucky enough to have my tuition covered by a lottery-funded scholarship called HOPE (Helping Outstanding Pupils Educationally). When I started college, the HOPE scholarship was funded by the state of Georgia and offered to graduating high school seniors with a GPA of 3. 0 or higher. Living costs and books I paid for with money earned during high school, supplemented by a small college fund my deceased grandfather left for me and a modest savings account my parents created when I was born.
[H]So what about all that name recognition? Sure, many of my colleagues and competitors have more glamorous alma maters (母校) than I do. As a journalist, I have competed against NYU, Columbia, and Northeastern graduates for jobs. And yet, not a single interviewer has ever asked me about my educational background. In fact, almost every interview I've ever had was due to a connection—one that I've gained through pure determination, not a school brand.
[I] According to The Boston Globe, students who earned their bachelor's in 2012 have an average monthly loan payment of $ 312, which is one-third more than those who graduated in 2004. Ultimately, that's the thing universities don't want to admit. Private universities are money-making institutions. If you can afford to buy prestige, that's your choice. For the rest of us, however, our hearty lower-tiered universities are just fine, thank you.
[J] Wealthy universities talk up the benefits their name will give graduates: namely, strong alumni networks, star faculty, and a resume boost. But you needn't attend an Ivy League school to reap those rewards. Ludacris and the former CEO of Bank of America Ken Lewis are alumni of my college, as well as VICE's first female editor-in-chief, Ellis Jones. Successful people tend to be successful no matter where they go to school, and lower-tier schools can have alumni networks just as strong as their big name counterparts. In fact, lower-tier school alumni networks are arguably stronger, because fellow alumni recognize that you didn’t necessarily have an easy path to follow. They might be more willing to offer career help, because your less famous school denotes that, like them, you are also full of energy and perseverance.
[K] The Washington Post reported on a recent study by Princeton economists, in which college graduates who applied to the most selective schools in the 12th grade were compared to those who applied to slightly less selective schools. They found that students with more potential earned more as adults,and the reverse held true as well, no matter where they went to school.
[L]Likewise, star faculty are not always found where you'd expect. Big name schools are not necessarily
2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（一）
第 9 页 共 16 页
the best places for professors； plus,many professors split teaching time between multiple colleges and/or universities. This means, for instance, a CUNY student could reasonably expect to receive the same quality of instruction from a prestigious professor as they would if they were enrolled in the same class at NYU. [M] It's possible that some hiring managers may be drawn to candidates with a particular educational resume, but it's no guarantee. According to a 2012 survey described in The Atlantic, college reputation ranked lowest in relative importance of attributes in evaluating graduates for hire, beaten out by top factors like internships, employment during college, college major, volunteer experience, and extracurriculars. [N ] Maybe students who choose less prestigious universities are bound to succeed because they are determined to. I tend to think so. In any case, if I could do it again, I'd still make the same choice. Today I'm debt-free, resourceful—and I understand that even the shiniest packaging can't predict what you'll find on the inside.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
36.Modest institutions can also have successful graduates and strong alumni networks.
37.The money the author made in high school helped pay for her living expenses and books at college. 38.The author came to see how costly college education could be when she was trying to choose a university to attend.
39.A recent study found that a graduate's salary is determined by their potential, not the university they attended.
40.The author cannot recall for sure what made certain top universities appear a lot better. 41.None of the author's job interviewers cared which college she went to.
42.The author thinks she did the right thing in choosing a less prestigious university.
43.In order to be admitted to a prestigious university, the author took part in various extracurricular activities and attended test preparation courses.
44.The author liked her university which was not prestigious but less expensive. 45.Colleges are reluctant to admit that graduates today are in heavier debt.
Section C
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide
2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（一）
第 10 页 共 16 页
on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Economically speaking, are we better off than we were ten years ago? Twenty years ago?
In their thirst for evidence on this issue, commentators seized on the recent report by the Census Bureau，which found that average household income rose by 5.2% in 2015. Unfortunately, that conclusion puts too much weight on a useful, but flawed and incomplete, statistic. Among the more significant problems with the Census’s measure are that： 1) it excludes taxes, transfers, and compensation like employer-provided health insurance ； and 2) it is based on surveys rather than data. Even if precisely measured, income data exclude important determinants of economic well-being, such as the hours of work needed to earn that income.
While thinking about the question, we came across a recently published article by Charles Jones and Peter Klenow, which proposes an interesting new measure of economic welfare. While by no means perfect, it is considerably more comprehensive than average income, taking into account not only growth m consumption per person but also changes in working time, life expectancy, and inequality. Moreover, it can be used to assess economic performance both across countries and over time.
The Jones-Klenow method can be illustrated by a cross-country example. Suppose we want to compare the economic welfare of citizens of the U. S. and France in 2005.
In 2005, as the authors observe, real consumption per person in France was only 60% as high as the U. S. , making it appear that Americans were economically much better off than the French on average. However, that comparison omits other relevant factors: leisure time, life expectancy, and economic inequality. The French take longer vacations and retire earlier, so typically work fewer hours； they enjoy a higher life expectancy, presumably reflecting advantages with respect to health care, diet, lifestyle, and the like； and income and consumption are somewhat more equally distributed there than in the U. S. Because of these differences, comparing France's consumption with the U. S.'s overstates the gap in economic welfare.
Similar calculations can be used to compare the U. S. and other countries. For example, this calculation puts economic welfare in the United Kingdom at 97% of U. S. levels, but estimates Mexican well-being at 22%.
2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（一）
第 11 页 共 16 页
The Jones-Klenow measure can also assess an economy's performance over time. According to this measure, as of the early-to-mid-2000s, the U. S. had the highest economic welfare of any large country. Since 2007 , economic welfare in the U. S. has continued to improve. However, the pace of improvement has slowed markedly.
Methodologically, the lesson from the Jones-Klenow research is that economic welfare is multi-dimensional. Their approach is flexible enough that in principle other important quality-of-life changes could be incorporated一for example, decreases in total emissions of pollutants and declines in crime rates. 注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
46.What does the author think of the 2015 report by the Census Bureau? A)It is based on questionable statistics. B)It reflects the economic changes. C)It evidences the improved welfare. D)It provides much food for thought.
47.What does the author say about the Jones-Klenow method? A)It is widely used to compare the economic growth across countries. B)It revolutionizes the way of measuring ordinary people's livelihood. C)It focuses on people's consumption rather than their average income. D)It is a more comprehensive measure of people's economic well-being.
48.What do Jones and Klenow think of the comparison between France and the U. S. in terms of real consumption per person?
A)It reflected the existing big gap between the two economies. B)It neglected many important indicators of people’s welfare. C)It covered up the differences between individual citizens. D)It failed to count in their difference in natural resources.
49.What is an advantage of the Jones-Klenow method?
A) It can accurately pinpoint a country's current economic problems. B) It can help to raise people's awareness of their economic well-being.
2018年6月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案（一）
第 12 页 共 16 页