(英语)高考英语易错题专题三情态动词(含解析) 下载本文

【详解】

考查情态动词辨析。句意:他是个脾气不好的家伙,但当他希望自己有魅力的时候,他可以变得相当可爱。此处表示“能、可以”,故C项正确。

12.—It’s really great to have a computer to store my photos.

—Don’t count on it too much. It ________ break down and you’d better make a copy of them. A.must C.should 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词。句意:——有一台计算机来储存照片真是太棒了。——不要过度依赖它。它有时候也会出故障,你最好做一个备份。计算机出故障这是可能的事情,表示客观可能性用can。must肯定,必须;should应该;will表意愿。故B选项正确。

B.can D.will

13.The accident which left 15 people on board dead ________ if both the angry female passenger and the bus driver had kept calm. A.should have avoided C.could have avoided 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

考查“情态动词+完成式”。句意:如果愤怒的女乘客和巴士司机保持冷静,这起导致15人死亡的事故本来是可以避免的。could have done“本来能做而没有做”,且句子主语The accident和谓语动词avoid之间是被动关系,结合句意可知答案为D。 【点睛】

情态动词+ have done结构:

1.“must + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,语气比较坚定,通常只用于肯定句。如:It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.

2.“can / could + have + 过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定。can和could一般用于否定句和疑问句,could的语气较can弱。如:He can't have finished the work so soon. 3.“may / might + have + 过去分词”表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测,might的语气比may弱一点。这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句,疑问句改用can或could。如:They may not have known it beforehand.

4.“need + have + 过去分词”表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情,或过去做某事纯属多余。如:I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.

5.“should / ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去本该做某事但没做,其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了,这种句式含有不满或责备之意,ought to的语气比should强一些。如: You ought to / should have studied harder. 你本应该更努力学习的.(但没有)

B.should be avoided D.could have been avoided

He oughtn't to / shouldn't have done that. 他本来就不该做那件事.(可是做了)

6.“would + have + 过去分词”表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测,或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成,通常用来说明某一情况,但不像用should或ought to那样含有责备之意。如:

I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem. Another worker wouldn't have acted like that.

14.Paul did a great job in the speech contest. He many times last week. A.need have practised C.must have practised 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词。句意:保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。must have done是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测,意思是“一定”。故C选项正确。

B.might practise D.could practise

15.Most of the top leaders expressed a common desire at the UN conference, ______ that different cultures ______ coexist with tolerance. A.the one ; must 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

考查替代和情态动词。句意:大多数高层领导人在联合国大会上表达了一个共同的愿望,即不同的文化应该与宽容共存。大多数高层领导人在联合国大会上表达了一个共同的愿望,即不同的文化应该与宽容共存。替代表泛指的单数名词,通常用one替代。此处用one替代前面的a desire,是同位语;结合句意第二空用情态动词should“应该”。故选D。 【点睛】

that ,it ,one 代指前面的名词时的用法

1.one 指代前面出现的可数名词,是泛指。可以和冠词连用,也可以有自己的定语。一般不能用做特指,但和定冠词连用时可以是特指。如: Please show me the cup, the red one on the shelf.

2.It 指代前面提到的单数名词,相当于the one。当one是泛指的时候,指的是同名异物,it是指同一物体.如: ----Do you want the cup ? ---Yes ,I want it.

3.that通常用来代替前面出现的可数名词\\不可数名词,主要是用来避免重复。如: The weather of Guangzhou is hotter than that of Beijing.

B.the one ; should

C.one ; must

D.one ; should

16.—I don’t really like Janes. Why did you invite him?

—Don’t worry. He come. He said he was’t certain what his plans were. A.must not

B.need not

C.would not

D.might not

【答案】D 【解析】

考察情态动词,题干中的he wasn’t certain说明他可能不来,可能来,因此使用不完全否定,might not。

17.No student ________ go out of school to have lunch without permission of the headteacher. A.might C.shall 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词。句意:未经校长允许,任何学生不得离开学校去吃午饭。might可能;must一定,必须;shall会,将;could能够。本句是一条禁令。shall用于肯定句并且主语是第一、三人称时,表示允诺,警告,劝告等语气。故选C。

B.must D.could

18.—Peter, you delivered a wonderful speech today.

—Thanks, but I think I ______ more attention to my stage manners during that time. A.must pay C.must have paid 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词+have done。句意:---彼得,你今天的演讲很精彩。---谢谢,但我认为在那段时间我应该多注意我的舞台礼仪。should have done表示本应该做某事而实际上没有做某事。由“but”可知,我那段时间本应该多注意我的舞台礼仪,而实际上并没有注意。故选D项。

B.should pay D.should have paid

19.We’ll make the final decision on our scheme. ______ you change your mind, please inform us as soon as possible. A.Should 【答案】A 【解析】 【分析】 【详解】

考查虚拟语气。句意:我们将对我们的计划做最后决定。如果你改变主意,请尽快通知我们。根据语境,此处用虚拟语气,表示与将来相反,从句用should+动词原形,省略if,should提前,陈述句是:If you should change your mind……。故选A。 【点睛】 虚拟语气中的倒装

B.Were

C.Would

D.Had

当虚拟条件句中含有 were,had,should时,可以将if省略,然后将 were,had,should,移至句首:

1)If he should fail, he would kill himself. →Should he fail, he would kill himself. 万一失败,他就会自杀。 2)If I were you, I would do it at once. →Were I you, I would do it at once. 假若我是你,我就会马上做。 要是我能做此事,我一定会做。

3)If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. →Had he seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 他昨天要是看到了你,他就会问你这事了。

该小题属于上述的第一种情况。should作为情态动词,有一种特殊的用法:在虚拟条件状语从句中表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气,可以把should放在句首,即主语前,从而省略从属连词if。原来的表述为:If you should change your mind。故选A。

20.(2018·北京) In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company. A.need B.should C.can D.must 【答案】C

【解析】考查情态动词。句意:在今天的信息时代,数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况,即“客观可能性”,故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要;should应该,竟然;must必须,肯定。

点睛:can的基本用法:1. (表示能力、功能)能,会;2. (表示推测)可能,可能会;3.(表示允许,请求)可以;4.(表示客观可能性)有时会。

21.Tom, you _____ leave all your clothes on the floor like this! A.wouldn’t 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】

考查情态动词辨析。句意:汤姆,你不要把所有的衣服都这样扔在地板上! A. wouldn’t 不会; B. mustn’t 禁止;C. needn’t不需要;D. may not不可以。本句为祈使句,所以mustn’t “禁止”符合句意。故选B项。

B.mustn’t

C.needn’t

D.may not

22.—What do you think we can do for our aged parents? —You ______ do anything except to be with them.