专题7 动词时态与语态
考点一、动词时态的分类及其应用 时态（表现在实义动词的形式变化上
及物动词必须跟宾语 不及物动词不直跟宾语 需要（有实在意义） 有明显的时间标志 用法 表示平时经常或习惯性动作 某次过去做某事 现在正在做某事 过去正在做某事 现在将要做某事 过去将要做某事 到现在已经做某事 到过去已经做某事 时态名称 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 ★过去将来时 现在完成时 ★过去完成时 谓动的表现形式 do/第三人称单数形式does did（谓语动词用过去式） （am/ is/ are）be+doing was/were+doing will+do（动词原形） would+do（动词原形） have/(第三人称用has)+done had+done(过去分词) 1、一般现在时的用法
1) 表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2) 表示普遍真理，客观存在，科学事实。如：The earth moves around the sun. 2、一般过去时的用法
1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。如：Where did you go just now? 2)表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。如：When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 3、现在进行时
1) 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。如：We are waiting for you.
2)表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。如：Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)
3)短暂性动词的进行时一定表示将来的含义。如：We are arriving at London. 4、过去进行时
1)过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作，常和表示过去的状语连用。如：What were you doing at nine last night? 昨晚九点的时候，你在做什么?
2)过去进行时也可以表示过去某一段时间内正在进行的动作。如：From 1983 to 1998 , he was teaching at Yale .从1983到1998年，他正在耶鲁大学教书。
5、一般将来时
1)表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作。 2)will do
表示主观意愿做某事。如：I will see a movie this morning.
表示客观的不以人的意志为转移的客观将来。如：Fish will die without water. 3) be going to +do
表示计划，安排要发生的事。如：The play is going to be produced next month。 6、过去将来时
立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。如：Wang Lei said that she was going to visit her uncle next Saterday。 7、现在完成时
1)表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如：I have finished my homework. 我做完家庭作业了。(过去某时开始做，到现在已完成。) 2)表示：过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，并且有可能继续下去。如：I have studied English for six years. 我已经学了六年英语了。 8、过去完成时
1)以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。 如：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left. 考点二、时态的判断 时态判断 时间状语 时态类型 标志 频率/真理/时间条件状 often,never every day等 一般现在时 yesterday, just now,when+从句 ago, yesterday, last week, in 1989 一般过去时 look, listen与频度副词连用 now, these days 现在进行时 when+过去进行时 at this/ that time yesterday 过去进行时 in+时间段 tomorrow, next year 一般将来时 常用于宾语从句中 the next day/ year/ week 过去将来时 already,yet,ever,never,before,for so far,in the past years,,since 现在完成时 before/ by+过去进行时 by yesterday/then/the end of 过去完成时 考点三、被动语态的分类及构成
定义:英语动词有两种语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者它有各种时态。。
构成:助动词be+及物动词的过去分词（助动词有人称，时态和数的变化）。 被动语态的用法：
1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。如：This kind of car is made in Shanghai. 2.没必要指出动作的执行者。如：Rice is grown in southern China. 3.需要强调动作的执行者。如：The man is caught by the police.
4.动作的发出者不是人。如：The tree was blown down by the strong wind. 被动语态（表现在谓语动词的形式变化 及物动词有被动语态 不及物动词不直跟宾语 需要（表示被动） 用于强调 时态名称 用法 谓动的表现形式 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 一般将来时 过去将来时 现在完成时 过去完成时 ★含有情态动词 am / is / are + done（过去分词） 表示平时经常或习惯性动作 was / were + done am/ is/ are + being + done was/ were + being + done will + be done would + be done have/ has + been + done had + been + done 情态动词+ be+ done 某事过去被做 某事现在正在被做 某事过去正在被做 某事将要被做 某事过去将要某事 某事到现在已经被做 某事到过去已经被做 某事可能、必须被做 主动语态变为被动语态的一般变化，通常分三步：
1把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的be + 过去分词形式，时态要与原句保持一致。3把主动语态的主语变为介词by 的宾语，放在谓语动词之后，by 短语可以省略。例：My sister invited me to her dinner party.→I was invited (by my sister) to her dinner party.
注意：1.固定短语在构成被动语态形式时，后面的介词或副词要保留。You should take good care of your sister.→ Your sister should be taken good care of.
2.主动语态中感官动词(see, hear, feel, watch, notice等) 以及使役动词（make, let等）后跟省略to的不定式，在被动语态中必须还原to。如：I often see him play basketball. →He is often seen to play basketball (by me).
3.带有双宾语的动词变成被动语态时，若将直接宾语变为主语，则应在间接宾语前加to或for。如：He showed me a nice photo.→I was shown a nice photo.或 A nice photo was shown to me.
4.带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如：We always keep our school clean and tidy. →Our school is always kept clean and tidy. 如：
5.以who为主语开头的疑问句，变被动时，用by whom放在句首。如：Who wrote the story?→By whom was the story written?或→Who was the story written by?
6.不及物动词没有被动语态，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。如：When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen.
7.宾语是反身代词，相互代词，同源宾语，不定式，Ving形式及抽象名词等，不能变为被动句子的主语。如：I taught myself math. We help each other.
一、选择填空
1. A mother who ________ her son will do everything for his happiness. A. is loving B. loves C. loved D. has loved 2. Look at John! What ________ ?
A. does he B. he is doing C. is he doing D. does he do 3. He ________ home for nearly three weeks.
A. has gone away from B. has left C. has been away from D. went away from 4. Since you don't want to go, I ________ alone. A. will go B. go C. went D. have gone
5.They wanted to know when they ________ have an examination.
A. had gone to B. were going to C. would be going D. had been going 6. He ________ out when somebody called at his office.
A. has just gone B. had just gone C. just went D. just now went 7._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
A. Is，built B. Was , built C. Does ; build D . Did ; build 8.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow 9.So far, the moon ____ by man already.
A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited 10.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives 11.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.