江苏省南京市、盐城市2018届高三第一次模拟考试 英语 have subtle negative effects. The flood of data we pour into the hands of Google, Facebook and others has already proved a mixed blessing. Those companies would no doubt be willing to upload and

store our body-cam data for free, probably with the assistance of machine learning algorithms(算法)---but at what cost to privacy and freedom of choice? Body-cam data could also create a legal mine field. Disputes over the validity and interpretation of police footage(执法镜头)have already surfaced. Eventually, events not caught on camera could be treated as if they didn?t happen, like a tree falling in the forest. Alternatively, footage could be faked or doctored to escape blame or incriminate others.

Of course, there?s always the argument that if you?re not doing anything wrong, you have nothing to fear. But most people have done something embarrassing, or even illegal, that they regret and would prefer hadn?t been caught on film. People already inspect their social media feeds---or avoid doing anything inadequate in public---for fear of damaging their reputation. Would widespread application of body cams have a further frightening effect on our freedom? The always-on-camera world could even threaten some of the natures that make us human. We are natural gossips and backbiters, and while those might not be desirable behavior, they oil the wheels of our social interactions. Once people assume they are being filmed, they are likely to shut up. We are nowhere near that point yet where everyone will feel they need one as an insurance policy, but we should think hard about whether we really want to say lights, body cam, action. 58. What is the benefit of filming to average people?

A. Promoting the widespread use of smart phones in public.

B. Fighting crimes or bad behavior by providing solid evidence. C. Guaranteeing cyclists and pedestrians more safety on roads.

D. Encouraging better performance of the police and teaching staff. 【答案】B

【解析】细节题。从文章第二段 A number of countries are rolling out body cams for police officers and other public-facing agencies such as school. Private citizens are getting in on the act too: cyclists increasingly wear headcams as an insurance against aggressive drivers 中列举的摄像头在各种场合的使 用可以知道各种摄像装置主要用来记录证据制裁犯罪或者抵制不良行为的，所以选 B。

江苏省南京市、盐城市2018届高三第一次模拟考试 英语 59. In the author?s view, the data flooding into tech giants is fairly

A. comforting 【答案】C

B. puzzling

C. worrying

.

D. satisfying

【解析】细节题。从文章第三段 The flood of data we pour into the hands of Google, Facebook and others has already proved a mixed blessing. a mixed blessing “有利也有弊的情况”，以及后面的 but at what cost to privacy and freedom of choice?表达了作者对于各大高科技平台能否保证人们隐私以及选择自由的 担心，所以选 C。

60. Certain undesirable behavior is important because if

.

A. functions as an insurance policy

B. warns us not to be caught on film D. motivates human daily communication

C. prevents inadequate social behavior 【答案】D

【解析】细节题。从文章最后一段 We are natural gossips and backbiters, and while those might not be desirable behavior, they oil the wheels of our social interactions 可以看出尽管聊八卦可能是一种不太受 欢迎的行为，但是还是能促进人们的社交的，所以选 D。

【点评】B 篇难度中等，主要考察细节理解。主要根据关键词在文中定位关键句之后，对长难句的 理解；另外全文对词汇量的要求相对较大，需要学员结合语篇主旨大意以及生活实际推测相关词汇 意思，从而有利于对细节题答案所在的长难句的理解。

C

A so-called “smart drug” intended to improve cognitive（认知的）performance also seems to protect the brain from altitude sickness.

Even more people are visiting high-altitude sites for work, sport, religious pilgrimages and military can lead to cognitive effects, including memory loss and attention difficulties.

There?s little you can do to prevent these symptoms other than acclimatize—but this takes time and doesn?t always work. A drug called oxiracetam might be the answer.

ShengLi Hu at the Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China and her colleagues studied the

江苏省南京市、盐城市2018届高三第一次模拟考试 英语 performance of male military personnel at altitude. All lived in towns around 1800 meters above sea level. During the study, they spent eight days at this altitude and then climbed for three days to reach 4000 meters, where they stayed for up to a month.

Twenty participants took oxriacetam three times a day for the first 15 days of the study, while another 20 received no intervention. The man did tests of attention and memory at the start and end of the study and 20 days in, by which time they had been at 4000 meters for nine days.

While all the participants experienced a drop in cognitive ability at 4000 meters, those who took oxiracetam showed a much smaller decline than the control group.

Blood flow measurements indicated that at high altitude, parts of the brain?s cerebral circulatory system contracted and dilated（扩张）in a way that promoted blood flow to the brain stem. This isn?t surprising, since the brain stem plays a critical role in the maintenance of basic vital signs.

The team also found that the brain stem received blood at the expense of areas responsible for more advanced cognitive functions. But in people who took oxiracetam, more arteries dilated, so blood flow throughout the brain rose. This may be how the drug seems to lessen cognitive problems liked with low oxygen.

It isn?t yet known whether diverting blood in this way could have negative effects in the long run. “The results are striking and imply that oxiracetam may be beneficial for helping to relieve cognitive deficits caused by altitude,” says Timothy Hales at the University of Dundee, UK.

Oxiracetam is not licensed for medical use globally, but it is known to be a mild stimulant, says Hales. “Coca leaves have been used by native Andeans for centuries to overcome altitude sickness and this is attributed to their modest cocaine content. So perhaps it is not surprising that benefit can be derived from another, though mild, stimulant.”

61. The underlined word “acclimatize” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to

A. adapt 【答案】A

【解析】上下文推测判断句意题。文章第三段大意：为了防止这种“高空病”的症状，你能做的很少， 除了适应它——但是适应这种症状也需要一定的时间，而且不一定总是有效果。结合文章第二段， 提到了在高纬度地区，即使是最能适应这种稀薄空气的人们的认知还是会受到影响，包括记忆力减 弱，注意力缺失。

B. interact

C. exist

_. D. object

江苏省南京市、盐城市2018届高三第一次模拟考试 英语 结合第二段的 fittest 一词，根据文章逻辑，所以在第三段中只能是“适应”这种症 状。A.适应 B.相互影响、相互作用 C.存在 D.目标、对象；反对，故选 A。 62. What does the experiment done in China reveal?

A. The higher altitude you are at, the slower your brain will be.

B. At 4000 meters, the two subject groups show no difference.

C. Memory tests are beneficial to relieving attention difficulties.

D. “Smart drug” largely counters negative effects of altitude sickness. 【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。定位到原文第六段，实验得知“… those who took oxiracetam showed a much smaller decline than the control group” ，和那些未服药的人相比，服用了 oxiracetam 的人在记忆力和 注意力下降等问题方面没那么严重。故 D 正确。A 选项提到海拔越高，大脑速度越慢，这并非通过 实验得知，而是常识，所以不能选。B 选项提到在海拔 4000 米处，两组人员没有差别，但根据第六 段可知，两组人员在记忆力和注意力下降方面是有差别的，不符合题意。C 选项提到记忆力测试对 缓解注意力困难问题有帮助，原文为提到。

63. According to the passage, the root cause of the cognitive effects lies in

. A. physical tiredness

B. low oxygen content D. extreme high altitude

C. cognitive training 【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。定位到第八段“This may be how the drug seems to lessen cognitive problems linked with low oxygen”可知 cognitive problems 和 low oxygen 相关联，故选 B。

64. What is the best title for the passage?

A. Fight high anxiety

B. Oxiacetam—a magic drug D. Problems on high-altitude sites

C. Keep sharp at altitude 【答案】C

【解析】主旨大意题。本文首段讲 smart drug“健脑药”帮助缓解 altitude sickness“高原反应”，中间段 落按顺序叙述了“高原反应”的症状、专家们针对“高原反应”所做的实验及其结果、“高原反应”的原 因等，结尾