Module 5 Grammer ̬
һֽ̬̬ʣʾ˵˶ijһ״̬̬ȡк̬
һ壬ܵνΪʻϵԭһν̬ͨʶ+ notɷҲᵽǰʡhave to⣩Щ̬йȥʽ磺cancould, maymight, willwould, shall-should.Щû磺must, needused to ǹȥʽ.
÷ܽ 1. ʾ
ʾcan/be able toͨԻcanֻһʱһȥʱ(could)Уbe able to ʱ̬Сһ㽫ʱֻ˵ will be able to ˵will can 2. ʾ²⡣
1ʾԿmay, might, can, could, ʱmaymight cancouldʱϵIJ죬might, could may, can ӲȷӶϱȽί
2ڿ϶бʾܳmay, might, could. 磺it may/might/could be true. ģ
3 ʾбʾܡڷбʾܡcan/couldmay/might, Ϊmay/might ʾͷ䳣ʾ͡ǡܡ
磺Thats not mine, whose can/ could it be?(Dzҵģ˭أ) Can/ Could it be true? (ô) It cant/couldnt be ture. (ġ) 3. ʾɡ͡
ʾɡcan, could, may, might. ʣɣmay/might Ϊʽcould, might Ϊίò
磺Could I smoke here? (ҿô) May I use your phone? ҿԽֻô ʾش衰ɡcan/ may. could/might. 磺--Could I use your phone? CYes, you can. --Might I smoke here? C Yes, you may. ʾmay not cannot. 磺--Could I go out for a moment? C No, you cant. --May I use your car for a few days? CNo, you may not.
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4. ʾ͡Ȼ
a) νʾʾ롱Ӧáij¡shouldmust must Ҫǿshould should (aught to) СȰ˵顱ĺ塣 磺1. You should do what your teachers tell you to. 2. He should do something to help her.
must ϱshould ǿҳʾش١ 磺1. You must be back by ten oclock. 2. I really must stop smoking.
have to ʾò롱ָƶò 磺Its getting late, I have to leave now.
ʾȥġ롱will have to/ had to must. 磺Well have to do it again. I had to leave at six yesterday.
must ʽһʽmustnt ʾֹ 磺You mustnt talk like this. (㲻) ڶʽneednt, ʾء
磺--Must you leave so soon? ô뿪ô
-- No, I neednt.Ҳأ
b) 1.νʾȻǸ˵˵жϺƲΪȻijshould/must, must should ӿ϶
磺1. she should be here in a minute. (Ͼͻ)
2. It must be very late because the streets are empty. (һˣΪֵϿһ) 2. ڱʾƲʱmustķʽcant, mustnt
磺You cant have any difficulty getting the tickets. (õЩƱ㲻ᣨܣκ) 4һЩ̬ʵ÷
1 will
a) will ʾԤʾԼӶԭιһ㽫ʱڴͳӢУһ˳shall, ˳willִӢһֻὨʱʹã磺Shall we go for a picnic at the weekend? / shall I have a look at your collection?
will Ĺȥʽwould, would ҲԵʹãwould like to do Ķ b) will would ҲʾԸԸij¡
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磺1. I will / would lend you the money if you need it? (ҪԸǮ) 2. Who will go with me? (˭Ըһȥ)
3. Will/ Would you sing at the party tomorrow evening? (Ըϵľۻϳô) will / would ڵڶ˳ʱΪ˻Ϳܺеwill/ would you ֮please.
: Will you please open the door for me? Would you pass me the salt, please? ʾʱҪwillwould. 磺Would you lend me you pen? Certainly, I will. c) will Աʾͼġ
磺I will get some drinks, whatll you have? (ҪȥŪȵģʲô)
I will take the job and no one is going to stop me. (Ҫõݹûֹܹ)
2used to (ֻйȥʱʽûʱʽ) ʾȥϰ߶״̬Ѳڡ 磺1. There used to be lots of fish in the river, but they disappeared because of the pollution. 2. He used to smoke a lot, but he has given it up.
used to ķʽdidnt use to Ҳusednt to , ʾԽdid, ҲԽused ǰdid used Ҫԭuse
磺1. He didnt use to drink wine. / He usednt to drink wine.
2. Did you use to go to the same school as Edward? / Used you to go to the same school as Edward? 3. He used to live in Shanghai, usednt / didnt he? 3. ̬+have done ض塣 cant/ could have done ʾȥĿܡ 磺He could have been hurt. ܱˡ
She cant have missed the train. ܴ˻
might/ could +have done ҲԱʾܷûзȴûɵĶ 磺You might have killed yourself. (㱾)
I could have passed the examination, but I failed. (ұͨԣʧ) should/ ought to + have done ʾӦijȴûӦijȴˡ 磺You should / ought to have asked my permission first. (㱾Ӧҵͬ) You shouldnt / oughtnt to have been late for the meeting. (㱾Ӧÿٵ) must+ have done ʾԹȥƲ⡣
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磺 You must have left your handbag in the theatre. һİ˾Ժ Her eyes are red. She must have been crying. (۾Ǻģһǿ) neednt + have done ʾûҪij£ȴˡ
磺You neednt have bought that house. (㱾ûҪǸ) She neednt have been worrying about it. (ûҪΪ¸е) 4would ָʵвֵܳ 磺would have two wings and fly to the moon.
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