4) specific 5) restrict 6) vary 7) expand 8) growth 9) company 10) dominate 11) opportunity

Increasing Your Word Power

1 Select from among the adjectives in the box and produce as many appropriatecollocations as you can with the target nouns in the following sentences. Someof the adjectives may be used more than once.

1) When a person is angry, he / she may speak using aggressive / sarcastic / harsh / negative words.

2) If you are standing on top of a mountain, what you see could be described as a(n) magical / mystical view.

3) Because my mother does not like my boyfriend, she has a(n) negative / critical opinion of him.

4) Mary is such a nice girl. She has a(n) magical / outgoing / optimistic personality. 5) Professor White has been described as a highly intellectual scholar who has published a lot in his field.

2 Complete the following sentences by choosing a most suitable adverb fromamong those given in the box.

1) He is always sleeping in class. Evidently , he is not interested in this subject. 2) This is not a group activity. Therefore, you will have to do the exercise individually .

3) If you are not absolutely sure of what happened, you should not say that you know everything about the accident.

4) My good friend is consistently /evidently / absolutely good in his work. For the past ten years, he has never made a single mistake.

5) I spent most of the money that my father gave me in the first few weeks at the university. Consequently, I had very little towards the end of the semester and had to borrow from friends.

6) Throwing a party is tiring both mentally / physically and physically / mentally ; the host / hostess has to think of what to prepare, make the necessary preparations, and make sure that everybody feels welcome.

7) As far as I know, Dr Zhou is probably / absolutely the best heart doctor in this province.

8) Xiaohui is one of the most motivated students I know. She does everything eagerly and enthusiastically.

9) A strong person will not be easily influenced by the environment.

10) Normally, he is very quiet and mild but today he is so aggressive and violent.

3 Did you notice the suffixes -ity/ty, -ic/ical in words such as loyalty, reality,optimistic, mythical in this unit? The suffixes -ity/ty can be added to manyadjectives to form nouns, and -ic/ical can be put after many nouns to formadjectives. Change the words given in brackets into nouns or adjectives, andthen fill them into the blanks.

1) This job requires a person to have the following personality (personal) traits: sensitivity (sensitive) and loyalty(loyal).

2) His mysterious disappearance added to the complexity (complex) of the incident.

3) Mutuality (Mutual) of respect is vital in sustaining a lifetime friendship. 4) It was obvious that the project leader’s stupidity (stupid) was the cause of failure.

5) The robbers were able to plan their robbery of him due to the regularity (regular) of his visits to the same bank.

6) The readability (readable) of your writing relies on avoiding common spelling and grammatical (grammar) errors.

7) Generally, romantic (romance) poems depend on subjective imagination, while realistic (reality) poems focus on objective portrayal.

8) Too much stress may lead to biological (biology) and psychological (psychology) disorders.

9) The social phenomenon can be analyzed

from historical (history), economic (economy) and political (politics) points of view. 10) The paper conducts a systematic (system) and logical (logic) research on how to enhance college students’ language competence. Grammar in Context

Study the following sentences that appear in this unit and reflect on the gradableadjectives or adverbs in comparative forms. And then do the following two tasks.

Task 2: Talk in pairs about the following themes by way of making comparisons,using as many adjectives / adverbs as you can think of in their comparativeand superlative degrees.

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Cities (Hints: Shanghai, Beijing, Guangzhou, etc.)

It is much colder in winter in Beijing than in Shanghai. It is colder in winter in Shanghai than in Guangzhou. Of all the three cities, Beijing is the coldest city in winter.

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Sports (Hints: football, basketball, surfing, etc.)

Among the three sports, I like football the best. Surfing also sounds interesting, but it takes a lot more training to be able to do it than the other two sports.

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Writers (Hints: Lu Xun, Mao Dun, Charles Dickens, Shakespeare, etc.)

I know Lu Xun better than the other writers. Lu Xun is one of the most famous writers in China and he is a modern writer. Shakespeare is famous, but I think his plays are the most difficult to read.

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Films (Hints: The Sound of Music, Gone with the Wind, The Pianist, etc.)

I think Gone with the Wind is very interesting, but it is the longest movie among the three. The Sound of Music is the lightest among the three and I like it much more than I do The Pianist.

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Universities (Hints: Tsinghua University, Peking University, the university where

you are studying now, etc.)

Peking University and Tsinghua University are the two most famous universities in China. They are also among the best universities in the world. As far as I know, Peking University is better known for its arts courses and Tsinghua is better known for its science courses.

Cloze

Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letterof each is given.

When a person is born, he / she has a set of personalities that make him / her different from others. Psychologists believe that colors are sometimes a good way to indicate (1) how a person behaves and the way he / she responds (2) to things that are happening to him / her. They can also represent / reflect (3) personality traits. Nonetheless, we cannot be absolutely (4) sure about a person’s characteristics by just looking at his / her preference (5) for certain colors. Therefore, we should not be harsh (6) and critical towards a person just because he / she likes a specific (7) color that does not represent some positive traits (8) or characteristics. Psychologists also believe that everyone can develop or change his / her personality. For example, if an individual (9) wants to correct his / her negative traits such as his / her immature (10) behavior, he / she has to make an effort (11) to do so. He / She has to be persistent (12) and keep working hard to ensure that he / she can achieve (13) his / her goal. Therefore, if a person is determined, he / she can change the traits he / she inherits (14) from his / her parents. The important thing is to change for the better and not for the worse. Translation

Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressionsgiven in brackets.

1) 威廉非常喜欢那女孩子，所以他尽力讨好她，并且很有信心可以赢得她的

心。(impress；optimistic)

William likes the girl a lot so he tries very hard to impress her and is optimistic that he will win her heart.

2) 他有创造性，对未来也有很好的判断力，可就是喜欢秘而不宣。(creative; vision; keep sth. to oneself)

He is very creative and has a good vision of the future, but he likes to keep things to himself.

3) 他们来自一个贫穷的小山村，那里的人们远离现代文明。(shut off)

They came from a poor village where people were shut off from modern civilization.

4) 我们要努力工作，争取达到我们所订下的目标。(achieve the goals; make an / the effort)

We must work hard and make an effort to achieve the goals that we have set.

5) 我们应该满足于我们所拥有的一切，不该对周围的事情太吹毛求疵。(be content with; critical)