摘要

本次所设计的课题是住宅小区10kV供电系统的初步设计，该供电系统是有两个配电室组成的住宅小区专用的降压变电系统，具有10kV和380V两个电压等级，10kV一侧接与110kV变电站的10kV母线，380V主要用于小区用户的用电。本次所设计的供电系统是非常重要的，如果系统出故障了，将影响整个住宅小区的供电，所以可靠性要求很高。所以这次设计必须考虑到供电系统的安全性、可靠性及经济性。本说明书通过对变电站的主接线设计，短路电流计算，主要电气设备型号和参数的确定，电气设备的动热稳定校验，备用电源的自动投入设计，无功补偿设计，防雷和过电压保护装置的设计较为详细地完成了电力系统中变电站的设计。

关键词：配电室；短路计算；无功补偿；备用电源投入

Abstract

The design of this residential area is the subject of the preliminary design of 10kV power supply system, the power distribution system, there are two rooms and an opening and closing a residential area consisting of a dedicated step-down transformer system with 10kV and 380V 2 a voltage, 10kV and 110kV substation side of the access bus 10kV, 380V electricity mainly for residential users. The power supply system designed is very important, if the system is broken, the entire residential area will affect the power supply, so the high reliability requirements. Therefore, the design must take into account the power system security, reliability and economy. This manual wiring through the main substation design, short circuit current calculation, the main electrical equipment to determine the model and parameters, electrical equipment, the dynamic thermal stability test, automatic backup power supply design, reactive power compensation design, lightning protection and over voltage protection Device completed in detail the design of substations in power system.

Keywords: Distribution room; Short-circuit calculation; Reactive power compensation; Backup Power Input

目 录

1.绪论 ................................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 课题背景 ..................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 设计的目的和基本要求 ............................................................................................. 1 1.3 本次小区供配电设计的主要内容 ............................................................................. 2 2. 住宅小区的负荷计算 ................................................................................................... 3 2.1 负荷的分类及供电要求 ............................................................................................. 3 2.1.1电力负荷的含义 ................................................................................................... 3 2.1.2 按对供电可靠性要求的负荷分类 ...................................................................... 3 2.1.3 按工作制的负荷分类 .......................................................................................... 4 2.1.4 本设计的负荷 .................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 2.2 小区负荷计算 ........................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 2.2.1 本小区户型说明 ................................................................ 错误！未定义书签。 2.2.2 住宅小区住户照明用电负荷的计算方法 ........................ 错误！未定义书签。 2.2.2 其他负荷的计算方法 ........................................................ 错误！未定义书签。 2.2.3 详细负荷计算 .................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 3. 小区变配电方案 ......................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 3.1 箱式变压站与环网柜的选择 ................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 3.1.1 变压器的台数与容量的确定 ............................................ 错误！未定义书签。 3.1.2 主变压器型号的确定 ........................................................ 错误！未定义书签。 3.1.3 环网柜的选择 .................................................................... 错误！未定义书签。 4. 短路电流计算 ............................................................................................................. 19 4.1 短路计算的目的及步骤 ........................................................................................... 19 4.1.1 短路电流的原因与危害 .................................................................................... 19 4.1.2 短路电流计算的目的 ........................................................................................ 20 4.1.3 短路电流计算的一般规定 ................................................................................ 20 4.1.4 短路电流的计算步骤 ........................................................................................ 21 4.2 短路电流的计算 ....................................................................................................... 22 4.2.1 短路计算过程 .................................................................................................... 22 5. 电气设备的选择 ......................................................................................................... 24 5.1 电气设备选择的一般条件 ....................................................................................... 24 5.1.1 按正常工作条件选择 ........................................................................................ 24 5.1.2 按短路情况校验 ................................................................................................ 25 5.2 各电气设备选择的原则 ........................................................................................... 26 5.2.1 断路器的选择原则 ............................................................................................ 26 5.2.2 电流互感器的选择 ............................................................................................ 27 5.2.3 电压互感器的选择 ............................................................................................ 29

I

5.3 其它辅助设备选型 ................................................................................................... 30 5.3.1 高压负荷开关与熔断器的选择 ........................................................................ 30 5.3.2 隔离开关的选择 ................................................................................................ 31 5.3.3 电容补偿装置的选择 ........................................................................................ 32 6. 高低压侧线路的选择 ................................................................................................. 33 6.1主线路线型选择 ........................................................................................................ 33 6.1.1导体材料的选择 ................................................................................................. 33 6.1.2普通电缆绝缘材料及护套选择 ......................................................................... 33 6.1.3 高压电缆的选择 ................................................................................................ 35 6.1.4低压电缆的选择 ................................................................................................. 37 7. 无功补偿 ..................................................................................................................... 39 7.1 无功补偿方案设计 ................................................................................................... 39 7.1.1 提高功率因数的意义 ........................................................................................ 39 7.1.2 补偿装置的确定 ................................................................................................ 39 7.1.3 无功补偿容量计算 ............................................................................................ 39 8. 防雷与接地 ................................................................................................................. 41 8.1防雷电过电压的保护 ................................................................................................ 41 8.2 避雷器的选择 ........................................................................................................... 41 8.2.1避雷器的分类及配置原则 ................................................................................. 41 8.2.2 避雷器的要求 .................................................................................................... 42 8.2.3避雷器的选择 ..................................................................................................... 42 8.3接地装置 .................................................................................................................... 43 8.3.1接地开关的选择 ................................................................................................. 44 结论 .................................................................................................................................. 45 参考文献 .......................................................................................................................... 46 致谢 .................................................................................................................................. 47 附录 .................................................................................................................................. 48

II