moraltags,whileLongfellowwascanonizedforhisdidacticverse.Althoughrhetoricalchangesfavoringtheanti-didacticcanbedetectedasnineteenth-centuryAmericantransformeditselfintoasecularsociety,itwastwentieth-centurycriticism,whichplacedaestheticvalueaboveeverythingelse,thathadnoplaceinitsdoctrineforthedidacticismofothers.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthefunctionofthehighlightedsentence?

A.Itexplainswhythefictionmentionedinthefirstsentencewasnotpopularinthetwentiethcentury.

B.Itassistsindrawingacontrastbetweennineteenth-centuryandtwentieth-centurycritics.

C.Itprovidesanexampleofhowtwentieth–centuryreadersweretaughttoignorecertainliterature.

D.ItquestionstheusefulnessofaparticulardistinctionbetweenPoeandLongfellowmadebycritics.

E.ItexplainswhyPoe’sstoriesweremorepopularthanLongfellow’sverseduringthenineteenthcentury.

2.Inthecontextinwhichitappears,“conveying”mostnearlymeansA.carryingB.transferringC.grantingD.impartingE.projecting

答案：DB

Passage6

DuringthePleistoceneepoch,severalspeciesofelephantsisolatedonislandsunderwentrapiddwarfing.ThisphenomenonwasnotnecessarilyconfinedtothePleistocene,butmayhaveoccurredmuchearlierintheSoutheasternAsianislands,althoughevidenceisfragmentary.Severalexplanationsarepossibleforthisdwarfing.Forexample,islandsoftenhavenotbeencolonizedbylargepredatorsoraretoosmalltoholdviablepredatorpopulations.Oncefreefrompredationpressure,largebodysizeisoflittleadvantagetoherbivores.Additionally,islandhabitatshavelimitedfoodresources,asmallerbodysizeandaneedforfewerresourceswouldthusbefavored.Interestingly,theislandruleisreversedforsmallmammalssuchasrodents,forwhichgigantismisfavoredunderinsularconditions.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto

A.questiontheplausibilityofoneexplanationsometimesofferedforthedwarfingofcertainspecieslivingonislands

B.arguethatdwarfingofcertainspecieslivingonislandsoccurred

5priortothePleistocene

C.citeevidencesuggestingthatdwarfingmayhaveadverseconsequencesforsomespecieslivingonislands

D.presentsomepossibleexplanationsforthedwarfingofcertainspecieslivingonislands

E.contrasttheeffectsofinsularconditionsonspecieswithlargebodysizeandspecieswithsmallbody

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutbodysizeinmammalsistrue?

A.Alargebodyisunfavorabletomammalianspecies’survivalundermostconditions.

B.Alargebodytendstobenefitsmallmammalslivingonislands.

C.Formostherbivorousmammals,alargebodysizeiseasiertosustainintheabsenceoflargepredators.

D.Undermostconditions,asmallbodyislessbeneficialtoherbivorousmammalsthantononherbivorousmammals.

E.Amongnonherbivorousmammals,asmallbodyismorebeneficialonanislandthanonamainland.

答案：DB

Passage7

Intheearlytwentiethcentury,smallmagazinesandtheinnovativegraphicsusedonthemcreatedthefaceoftheavant-guard.Itwasalookthatsignaledprogressiveideasandunconventionalitybecauseitdispensedwiththecardinalruleofgraphicdesign:totakeanideaandmakeitvisuallyclear,concise,andinstantlyunderstood.Instead,graphicsproducedbyavant-guardartistsexclusivelyfortheavant-guard(asopposedtotheiradvertisingwork)wereusuallydifficulttodecipher,ambiguous,ornonsensical.Thisoverturningofconvention,thisassailingofstandardgraphicandtypographicformats,waspartofasearchforintellectualfreedom.Theimpulsetowardliberationenabledavant-guardiststoseewithfresheyesuntriedpossibilitiesforarrangingandrelatingwordsandimagesonpaper.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theprimarypurposeofconventionalgraphicdesignisto

A.renderunpopularideaspalatabletoawideraudienceB.capturereaders’attentionwithboldfonts

C.communicatenonsensicalnotionstoawidepublic

D.communicateideasasefficientlyandunambiguouslyaspossibleE.introducepreviouslyunknownideastothegeneralpublic

Forthefollowingquestion,considereachofthechoicesseparatelyandselectallthatapply.

62.Accordingtothepassage,avant-guardartistsoftheearlytwentieth-centurycreatedambiguousornonsensicalgraphicsaspartofanattemptto

A.expandthepotentialforexpressionthroughvisualartB.competewithadvertisementsforreader’sattentionC.encouragetheexpansionofsmallmagazines

答案：DA

Passage8

AccordingtoHillandSpicer,theterm“nation-state”isamisnomer,sincetheidealmodelofamonolingual,culturallyhomogeneousstatehasneverexisted,notevenamongEuropeans,whoinventedthenation-stateconceptandintroducedittotherestoftheworld.ModernEuropeanstates,theyargue,emergedaftertheRenaissancethroughtheriseofnations(i.e.,specificethnicgroups)topositionsofpoliticalandeconomicdominanceoveranumberofotherethnicgroupswithintheboundedpoliticalterritories.Theterm“nation-state”,HillandSpicerargue,obscurestheinternalculturalandlinguisticdiversityofstatesthatcouldmoreaccuratelybecalled“conqueststates.”Theresurgenceofmultipleethnicgroupswithinasinglestate,Hillsays,isnot“potentiallythreatingtothesovereignjurisdictionofthestate,”asUrbanandSherzersuggest;rather,theassertionofculturaldifferencesthreatenstorevealethnocentricbeliefsandpracticesuponwhichconqueststateswerehistoricallyfoundedandthustoopenupthepossibilityfora“nations-state”inwhichconqueredethnicgroupsenjoyequalrightswiththeconqueringethnicgroupbutdonotfacethethreatofpersecutionorculturalassimilationintothedominantethnicgroup.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto

A.discussissuesrelatingtoaformofpoliticalorganizationbyraisingdoubtsabouttheterminologyusedtorefertoit

B.tracechangesinaformofpoliticalorganizationbyexaminingtheevolutionoftheterminologyusedtoreferto

C.justifythecontinueduseofanestablishedtermforanevolvingformofpoliticalorganization

D.questiontheaccuracyofanewtermforaformofpoliticalorganization

E.comparetwotermsforaformofpoliticalorganization

2.TheauthorofthepassagequotesUrbanandSherzermostprobablyinorderto

A.introduceadiscussionofthelegalramificationsofexpandingthenation-stateconcept

B.summarizeaclaimaboutonepossibleeffectofassertingcultural

7differenceswithinastate

C.shiftthefocusofdiscussionfrominternalthreatsthatstatesfacetoexternalthreatsthattheyface

D.pointoutsimilaritiesbetweenthethreatstostatesseenbyUrbanandSherzerandthoseseenbyHill

E.describeonewayanethnocentricpracticehasaffectedattemptstoassertculturaldifferenceswithinastate

3.Accordingtothepassage,HillandSpicerdefinenationsaswhichofthefollowing?

A.coalitionsofdistinctethnicgroupswithsimilarconcernsB.Distinctethnicgroups

C.CulturallyhomogeneousstatesD.LinguisticallydiversestatesE.Territoriallyboundedstates

答案：ABB

Passage9

From1910to1913,womensuffragistsintheUnitedStatesorganizedannualparades—activitytraditionallyconductedbymentoproclaimsolidarityinsomecause—notonlyasapublicexpressionofsuffragistsolidaritybutalsoaconscioustransgressionoftherulesofsocialorder:women’sverypresenceinthestreetschallengedtraditionalnotionsoffemininityandrestrictionsonwomen’sconduct.Whilerecognizingtheparade’srhetoricalforceasavehicleforsocialchange,scholarshaverecentlybeguntoexamineitsdrawbacksasaformofprotest.LumsdencharacterizestheAmericansuffrageparadeasa“double-edgedsword”,arguingthatwomen’seffortstoproclaimtheirsolidarityleftthemopentopatronizingcommentaryfrompressandpublicandtoorganizedoppositionfromantisuffragists.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmen’sandwomen’sparadesweresimilarinthatboth

A.wereemployedasrhetoricalvehiclesforsocialchange

B.wereregardedasviolatingcontemporarystandardsofpublicdecorum

C.madeparticipantsvulnerabletoorganizedoppositionD.werelargelyineffectiveasformsofprotest

E.wereintendedbytheirparticipantsaspublicdeclarationsofsolidarity

2.Thepassagesuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutproponentsofthe“rulesofsocialorder?”

A.Theyfrowneduponpublicdisplayssuchasparades.

B.Theyhadulteriormotivesforobjectingtowomen’sparticipationin

8