B.foraginginlandtoobtainfoodstuffsnotavailablelocallyC.someformoffertilizationtoboostagriculturalproductionD.fishandturtlesforatleastpartoftheirdietE.tradewithotherpeoplesforsomerawmaterials答案：AD

Passage44

Whenselectinganest,thefemaleoftheriverblenny(asmallfish)appearstobesensitivetobothsizeandorientation.Blenniesdeposittheireggspreferablyinnestsunderlargestonesandinnestsfacingsoutheast.Southeast-facingnestscontainlargereggclutches,afactthatcannotbecompletelyexplainedbydifferencesinneststonesizes.Moreover,inarecentstudy,currentspeedsupstreamofthenestandatthenestentranceweresimilarfornestsfacingsoutheastandthosefacinginotherdirections.Asoutheast-facingentrancepersethusseemstobethespecificnestfeaturepreferredbyfemales,ratherthantheeffectofselectivepositioningoncurrentatnestentrance.Thereasonsforthispreferenceareunclear,however.

1.Thepassageisconcernedwithwhichofthefollowing

A.Determiningthedifferentwaysinwhichcurrentspeedscaninfluencethenestingpreferencesoffemaleriverblennies

B.Establishingnestorientationasadeterminingfactorinegglayingamongfemaleriverblennies

C.Questioningtheimportanceofnestsizeasaninfluenceonegglayingamongfemaleriverblennies

D.Comparingthefeaturesoffemaleriverblenniesthatfacesoutheastwiththoseofnestsfacinginotherdirections

E.Examininghowfemaleriverblenniesdeterminetherelativeimportanceofnestsizeversusnestorientation

2.Theauthorofthepassageconsiders“currentspeeds”inorderto

A.identifyafactorthatunderminesthesignificanceofneststonesizeforfemaleriverblennies

B.indicateonepossibleadvantageofriverblennyneststhatdonotfacesoutheast

C.eliminateapossibleexplanationforanestorientationtendencyamongfemaleriverblennies

D.indicatewhyfemaleriverblenniesaresensitivetobothsizeandorientationofpossiblenests

E.suggestareasonwhymanyfemaleblenniesprefersoutheast-facingnests

答案：BC

Passage45

TheeditorsoftheessaycollectionRomanticbiographytellus

41repeatedlythatbiographyisaninventionoftheRomanticperiodinBritishliterature(lateeighteenthandearlynineteenthcenturies),yetwearenevershownthatprocessofinventionmotion.Hazlitt,themostprominentexampleoftheRomanticbiographer,isalmostinvisible.TheRomanticperiodwasnotjusttheperiodinwhichbiographywasinvented---or,rather,theperiodinwhichsomeofitsinformingprincipleswereinvented,sincebiographycouldjustaseasilybesaidtohaveoriginatedinthescandalousmemoirsthatformedpartofthepre-Romanticcultureofthenovel.Itwasalsotheperiodinwhichbiography,throughitssheerubiquity,becameanobjectofmajorideologicalsignificancewithinBritishculture.

1.Thepassagementionsthe\memoirs”thatwerewrittenpriortotheRomanticperiodprimarilyinorderto

A.indicateanalternativeaccountoftheoriginsofbiographyB.comparethesememoirstoRomanticbiography

C.explainhowbiographybecameubiquitousinBritishcultureDquestiontheideologicalsignificanceaccordedtobiographyE.suggestthatbiographieswerenotaspopularasmemoirs

2.Accordingtothepassage,biographyattainedgreatsignificancewithinBritishcultureduringtheRomanticperiodbecausebiographies

A.wereassociatedwithscandal

B.wereeasytoreadandcomprehend

C.weresowidespreadinBritainatthetimeD.challengedconventionalBritishideologiesE.contributedtothedevelopmentofthenovel

答案：AC

Passage46

Ourstudyrevealedthatnest-guardinglong-tailedskinks(aspeciesoflizard)homed(returnedtotheirnests)moresuccessfullywhendisplacedshorterdistances.Therearetworeasonswhyhomingsuccessratesdecreasedwithincreasingdisplacementdistance.Onepossibilityisthatfemalesweresimplydisplacedtoofartofindtheirwayhome.However,thisisunlikelygiventhatsomeindividualsmanagedtofindtheirwayhomefromeachdistanceweused.Thesecondpossibilitydealswithtrade-offsbetweentherisksassociatedwithmakingalongreturntripandthebenefitsofreturning.Animalsshouldexpendenergyonlywhentheassociatedcostsarelow.Asreptilesincreasethetimespentmoving,theirdailyenergyexpenditureincreasesdramatically.Theenergeticcostsofreturninghomeandthechancesthattheeggswillhavebeenpreyeduponduringthereturntripbothincreasesubstantiallyasdisplacementdistanceincreases.Forexample,the130hours(5.5days)thatfemaleskinksspentreturningfromadistanceof300metersissufficientforanegg-eatingsnaketolocateandpreyupontheentireclutch.However,femaleswithlargerclutchesweremorelikelytohomeatdistancesover50meters.Forthesefemales,the

42relativefitnessbenefitsassociatedwithhavingmoreeggssuccessfullyhatchmayoutweightheenergeticcostsofreturningtoanestsite,evenifthenestmayhavealreadybeenpreyedupon.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto

A.questionthevalidityofresearchonnest-guardingbehaviorinlong-tailedskinks

B.considerexplanationsforafindingregardinglong-tailedskinksC.discusstheimportanceofhomingforlong-tailedskinks

D.describetherelationshipbetweenclutchsizeandhomingsuccessinlong-tailedskinks

E.identifythebenefitsofabehaviorcommonamonglong-tailedskinks2.Theclaiminthehighlightedsentenceassumeswhichofthefollowingabouttheindividualsthatmanagedtofindtheirwayhomefromeachdistance?

A.Theywerelessabletodetectegg-eatingpredatorsthanweretheotherlong-tailedskinksstudied.

B.Theyweremoreaversetoriskthanweretheotherlong-tailedskinksstudied

C.Theyexpendedlessenergywhenhomingthandidtheotherlong-tailedskinksstudied.

D.Theydidnotpossessbetterhomingskillsthandidtheotherlong-tailedskinksstudied.

E.Theyhadsignificantlysmallerclutchesthandidtheotherlong-tailedskinksstudied.

3.The\possibility\implieswhichofthefollowingasapossibleexplanationforthefemalelong-tailedskinksthatfailedtohomefromdistancesover50meters?

A.Theyhadrelativelysmallclutches

B.Theywereunabletofindtheirwayhome

C.Theylackedsufficientenergytohomesuccessfully

D.Theyhadmalelong-tailedskinksguardingtheirclutches

E.Theydetectedevidenceofegg-eatingsnakesInthevicinityoftheirnests.

答案：BDA

Analyzingthephysicsofdancecanaddfundamentallytoadancer'sskill.Althoughdancersseldomseethemselvestotallyinphysicalterms--asbodymassmovingthroughspaceundertheinfluenceofwell-knownforcesandobeyingphysicallaws--neithercantheyaffordtoignorethephysicsofmovement.Somemovementsinvolvingprimarilyverticalorhorizontalmotionsofthebodyasawhole,inwhichrotationscanbeignored,canbestudiedusingsimpleequationsoflinearmotioninthreedimensions.However,rotationalmotionsrequiremorecomplexapproachesthatinvolve

43analysesofthewaythebody'smassisdistributed,theaxesofrotationinvolvedindifferenttypesofmovement,andthesourcesoftheforcesthatproducetherotationalmovement

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