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摘 要

随着信息技术的发展,UPS(uninterraptible power supply)广泛地应用于银行、证券、军事、医疗、航空航天等众多领域,以保护一些对供电敏感的负载如电脑系统、通讯系统、医疗系统等。对于UPS整个系统构架,可以说逆变是不间断电源系统的核心,决定着输出电压波形的质量。同时,高性能数字信号处理器(DSP)的飞速发展,也使得UPS的数字化控制更加精确,从而提高了整个UPS系统的稳定性与可靠性。

本文在对UPS的发展结构,系统组成和工作原理进行了介绍和分析的基础上,深入分析了在线式UPS中DC/DC和DC/AC变换电路,本文介绍了一台基于DSP的单芯片、全数字控制的在线式UPS。利用DSP芯片的高运算能力以及专门用于控制领域的丰富的外设,将在线式UPS的DC/DC、逆变器两个功率模块的专用控制芯片及其外围电路还有数字控制所需的微处理器功能都集成到一块芯片中。与目前同样功能的在线UPS相比,该机的器件数量减少了近70%~80%,提高了机子的集成度,降低了价格。

该在线UPS为全数字控制UPS。控制是在软件中实现的,可以在完全不改动电路的情况下,对系统进行升级,满足不断变化的用户的需要,大大减少了产品更新换代的成本。同时数字控制还带来抗干扰强、可靠性高、调试方便等优点。

关键词 UPS DSP 数字控制

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Abstract

With the development of information technology, uninterruptible power supply(UPS) which have been widely used in banking, securities,military, medical,aerospace and so forth, are widely selected for the protection of sensitive loads such as PC,communication systems and medical equipments.It can be said that inverter is the core of UPS and determines the quality of the output voltage waveform for the whole UPS system. Meanwhile, high-performance digital signal processor(DSP) has been rapid development made the digital control more precise for the UPS.Thus the stability and the reliability of the whole UPS system have been enhanced.

This paper presents an on-line UPS controlled by one DSP controller. For DSP Controller’s high CPU bandwidth and peripherals specifically chosen for control application, we integrate PWM controllers and associated circuits which are needed in three modules (PFC,DC/DC, inverter) into one DSP controller. It has eliminate 70~80 percents of components. This results in increased integration and lower system cost.

The control of UPS is digital control. It brings the advantage of programmability,immunity to noise,and eliminates redundant voltage and current sensors for each controller. Programmability means that it is easy to update system with enhanced algorithms for improved reliability.

Key words UPS DSP Digital Control

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目 录

摘 要 ............................................................. 1 Abstract .......................................................... 2 第1章 绪论 ....................................................... 1

1.1 引言 ...................................................... 1

1.1.1 UPS的发展过程与现状 ................................. 1 1.1.2 UPS的未来发展趋势 ................................... 2 1.2 UPS电源性能特点简单介绍 ................................... 2 1.3 UPS的分类和结构 ........................................... 3

1.3.1 在线式UPS工作过程 ................................... 4 1.3.2 后备式UPS工作过程 ................................... 5 1.4 本章小结 .................................................. 6 第2章 数字控制技术 ............................................... 7

2.1 数字与模拟控制 ............................................ 7 2.2 数字信号处理器(DSP) ..................................... 8 2.3 本章小结 ................................................. 10 第3章 系统的设计方案 ............................................ 11

3.1 技术性能指标要求 ......................................... 11 3.2 系统主要元器件选择 ....................................... 12

3.2.1 整流电路中二极管的选择 .............................. 12 3.2.2 逆变电路中IGBT的选择 ............................... 12 3.3 本章小结 ................................................. 13 第4章 系统硬件电路的设计 ........................................ 14

4.1 功率因数校正电路 ......................................... 14

4.1.1 功率因数校正的简介 .................................. 14 4.1.2功率因数的校正方法 .................................. 15 4.1.3 功率因数校正的主电路分析 ............................ 18 4.1.4 采用UC3854控制的有源功率因数校正电路 ............... 18 4.2 逆变器 ................................................... 22

4.2.1 逆变电路 ............................................ 22 4.2.2 正弦波脉宽调制技术(SPWM) .......................... 23 4.2.3 DSP在逆变器中的应用 ................................ 25 4.3 DC/DC变换器 .............................................. 26

4.3.1 DC/DC主电路 ........................................ 26 4.3.2 使用DSP实现DC/DC .................................. 27 4.4 充电电路 ................................................. 29 4.5 驱动电路 ................................................. 30

4.5.1 基于M57962L的IGBT驱动与保护电路设计 ............... 30 4.5.2 基于EXB841的IGBT驱动与保护电路设计 ................ 31 4.6 键盘、显示电路 ........................................... 33 4.7 仿真接口电路 ............................................. 34 4.8 串行通信接口电路 ......................................... 34

4.8.1 SCI简介 ............................................ 34 4.8.2 串行通信接口电路 .................................... 35 4.9 检测及保护电路 ........................................... 35

4.9.1 输入过流检测 ........................................ 35 4.9.2 输入过压保护电路 .................................... 36 4.9.3 输出过流保护电路 .................................... 37 4.9.4 输出过压保护电路 .................................... 38 4.9.5 蓄电池保护电路 ...................................... 39 4.10 辅助电源 ................................................ 41 4.11 本章小结 ................................................ 43 第5章 系统软件设计及仿真 ........................................ 44

5.1基于Matlab/Simulink的BOOST电路仿真 ...................... 44

5.1.1 引言 ................................................ 44 5.1.2 电路的工作状态 ...................................... 45 5.1.3 matlab仿真分析 ..................................... 46

结论 ............................................................. 49 致谢 ............................................................. 50 参考文献 ......................................................... 51 附 录 ............................................................ 53