Bikes are not sold in that shop.自行车不是在那家商店被出售的。 (3)一般疑问句Am/ls/Are十主语十及物动词的过去分词十其他? 一Are bikes sold in that shop?自行车在那家商店被出售吗? 一Yes,they are，/No,they aren't，是的，它们是。/不，它们不是。 (4)特殊疑问句疑问词十am/is/are十主语十及物动词的过去分词十其他? Where are bikes sold?自行车在哪里被出售? 3.被动语态的用法

(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 Tables are made of wool桌子是由木头制成的。 (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 The blackboard is cleaned every day，黑板天天被擦。 4.主动语态变被动语态的方法

(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。

(2)把主动语态的谓语变成被动结构(be十及物动词的过去分词)。

根据被动语态句子里主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来 决定be的形式。

(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，若为主格应改为宾格。

二．一般过去式的被动语态 ★被动语态的用法:

(1)要表达―被…‖ 、―受…‖、―让…‖、―遭…‖之类的语义. The teachers are well respected. The child is well loved by people. (2)强调动作承受者.

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He is known far and wide. 他远近闻名. (3)不知道式没有必要指出动作的执行者.

The room is cleaned every day. 房子每天都有人打扫. (4)为礼貌起见避免提及动作执行者.

I wonder if I was allowed to introduce myself? 我是否可以做自我介绍? ★一般过去时的被动语态结构为:

主语(动作接受者) + i was/were +动词的过去分词+ (by+ 动作执行者) 被动语态的句型总结如下:

⑴肯定句: 主语 + be + 过去分词 + (by sb). 例：The boy was called Jack.

⑵否定句: 主语 + be not+ 过去分词 + (by sb). 例：The baby was not looked after by his father. ⑶ 一般疑问句: Be +主语 + 过去分词 + (by sb)? 例：Was King Lear written by Shakespeare?

⑷ 特殊疑问句: 特殊疑词+ be + 过去分词 + (by sb)? What was this kind of sweater made of? 三．一般将来时的被动语态 【语法全解】

一般将来时态的被动语态结构

肯定句式:主语十will/be going to十be+及物动词的过去分词(+by十动作执行者)

The apple trees will be planted(by us)tomorrow，明天苹果树将被(我们)种植。 The sports meeting is going to be held next week.运动会将在下周被举行。 否定句式:主语十will not/isn‘t going to/aren‘t going to+be十及物动词的过去分

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词(+by十动作执行者)

The apple trees will not be planted by us tomorrow.明天苹果树将不由我们来种植。

The sports meeting isn't going to be held next week.运动会将不在下周被举行。 四．that引导的定语从句 【语法全解】

that引导的定语从句既可以修饰无生命的事物，也可以修饰有生命的动物或人。 that在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语时常可省略. Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（That作主语) The coat ( that) I put on the desk is blue.

我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语) 【拓展】只用that引导的定语从句

1. 先行词为all, few, littler much, the onel something, anything, everything, nothing等时。

We'll do all that we can to protect the endangered animals and plants. 我们将尽我们的最大努力来保护那些濒危的动植物。

2.先行词本身是形容词最高级、序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。 This is the most beautiful city that I've ever seen.这是我曾见过的最漂亮的城市。 This is the second book that you bought me for my birthday. 这是我过生日时你给我买的第二本书。 3.当先行词既指人又指物时。

Maria took photos of the things and people that she was interested in 玛丽亚拍了她感兴趣的物和人的照片。 4.先行词被the only,the very等修饰时。

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This is the only painting in this style that we have，这种风格的画我们仅有一幅。 5.主句是以作主语的who开头的特殊疑问句时。

Who is the person that is talking with our headmaster?和我们校长说话的那个人是谁?

五．Which/who引导的定语从句 【语法全解】

1.which引导的定语从句通常用来修饰物, which在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。

The building which stands near the river is our school. 伫立在河附近的那所建筑物是我们的学校。(作主语)

This is the book(which)you want.这是你想要的那本书。(作宾语) The house(which)we live in is not large.我们住的房子不是很大。(作宾语) 【注意】

?.介词后面的which 不能省略

The room in which there is a machine is a workshop.

2.who引导的定语从句只可用来修饰人，who在从句中作主语(口语中也可作宾语)，作主语时不可省略，作宾语时可省略。

This is the man who helped me，这就是帮助我的那个人。(作主语) The boy (who) we saw yesterday is John's brother. 昨天我们看到的男孩是约翰的兄弟。(作宾语) 六．构词法 【语法全解】

1.合或构词法。由两个或两个以上的词合成一个新词，这种构词法叫合成构词法。

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