（3） A在B的范围之外，两者之间没有所属关系时用to。如：Our school

is to the west of the hospital.我们学校在医院的西面。

9. on the coast和off the coast

on表示“位于河畔或铁路，公路及海岸等沿线上”；off表示“稍离陆地，在沿岸的海里”。如：

As we all know ,London lies on the River Thames.众所+周只，伦敦位于泰晤士河畔。

10. be known as ,be known for和be known to

(1) be known as意为“被称为”，“大家公认”，‘叫做”，主语是人时后面常接表示“身份”的名词。如：

Today he is well know as a model leader.今天他是有名的领导人。 (2)be known for意为“因……而出名”，for引起某种事物或某个人出名的原因。如：

This mountain is known for its tea 这山以产茶出名。

(3)be known to意为“为（某人）所知”。此处的介词to后面的名词或介词表示为谁所知。此处的介词to不能改为by。如：

Your neighbor is known to the police ,so you’d better lock your door.你的邻居是警察熟知的坏人，所以你最好把门锁上。

单元重难点讲解分析： 一、课文长难句分析

【课文原句】Paris is the capital and largest city of France, situated on the River Seine.

(Page 2)

【名师点拨1】该句中，situated 构成的形容词短语，修饰Paris, 相当于定语从句“which is situated on...”省略了which is；在含有be动词与过去分词的定语从句中，可以把关系代词和be 动词一起省去。如： We saw the painting (which was) produced by Qi Baishi.

【点拨2】situated 意为“位于……的，坐落在……的”，在本课与located同义，常见的结构是be situated / located …。如：

Their apartments were situated / located on the second floor. 【知识拓展2】

1. situated 还可以表示（某人）处于某种境况。如：

He lost his job and was badly situated.

He’s well situated with his new big house and well-paid job. 2. situated 的名词形式为situation，意为“位置；处境”。如：

The house has a good situation.

The situation after the storm was very bad.

【考点链接】______ in the very center of England, this museum attract thousands of

tourists every day.

A. Being situated B. Situated C. Situating D. Being Situating Keys: B

【课文原句】.France is Europe’s third largest country and faces the United Kingdom across the English Channel. (Page 1) 【名师点拨1】

the third largest表示“第三大”，最高级前可用序数词修饰，表示“第……”。如：

The Yellow River is the second longest river in China.

【点拨2】face 这里作动词，意思是“面向，面对”。这是一个明显的词类转化，

即名词用作动词的例子。类似的词类转化的还有：water浇水, eye注视, head朝……走, hand上交, land登陆, flower开花, picture 描绘。 【点拨3】across 在这里表示方位，意为“在……的对面”。如：

They live across the street from us.

You can see the ancient temple from across the lake. 【拓展3】

1. across 与through

二者均表示“穿过”，across指从一个平面上穿过；through指从物体的中间穿过，给人以立体感。如：

They drive a boat across the river. （从平面上穿过）

He traveled through the forest. （在树林中间走过。给人以立体感） 2. across 与cross

across 是介词，不能在句中作谓语； cross是动词，在句中作谓语。如：

She went across the bridge. （谓语为went） She crossed the bridge.

【考点链接】

1. As I came _____ the town, I found many houses had been destroyed by the big earthquake.

A. through B. across C. cross D. in

2. As the first _____ country in economy, America has a lot of advantages in global affairs.

A. rich B. richer C. richest D. most richest Keys: AC

【课文原句】Florence is an Italian city which became famous because of the Renaissance, a great artistic movement which began in the 1300s and lasted for three hundred years. (Page 2)

【名师点拨1】

“Florence is an Italian city”是该句的主要成分，其后which引导的是定语从句，修饰city。从句中“a great artistic movement...”是the Renaissance的同位语，这个同位语中又包含一个定语从句 “which began in ... years”来修饰movement。 【点拨2】because of是一个介词短语，后面接名词或类似名词的结构，意为“因为……”；而because是一个连词，后者接句子。如： He was late because of the rain yesterday. He was late because it rained yesterday.

【知识拓展2】与because of 相似的表原因的词组还有：thanks to, owning to 和 as a result of等。

【点拨3】in the 1300s 意为“在14世纪30年代”，注意表示“……世纪……年代”时，要在年代后加s，类似的表达有：in one’s thirties 在某人三十多岁时。 【考点链接】

When he was ________, he got seriously ill ______ his addiction to smoking. A. in his twenty; because of B. in his twenties; because

C. in his twenties; because of D. in his twenty; because Key: C

二、单元热点语法

【课文原句】It is one of the most beautiful cities in the world and is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. （Page 2）

【名师点拨】one of + 复数名词，表示“…… 之一”。当“one of +复数名词”作主语时，谓语用单数。这儿体现了主谓一致的原则。 【知识拓展】主谓一致要遵循三大原则。

1. 语法一致原则。句子的主语是单数，谓语动词用单数形式；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。如：

Australia is an extremely rich country. 注意：

(1) something, everybody, nobody , either, neither, each等不定代词作主语时，谓语需用单数。如：

If anybody calls, tell him I’ll be back later.

(2) 当主语后面跟有with, together with, as well as, like 等时，谓语动词的单

复数形式仍然要与这些词语前面的主语保持一致。如： Tom, (together) with his parents has been to Beijing. 2. 意义一致原则。

一些集合名词，如：family, enemy, class, population, army等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据实际含义而定。当表示整体意义时，用单数；当强调个体成员时，用复数。如：

Our class is a model one in our school. (指班集体） Our class is doing well in English.（指全体学生）

3. 邻近性原则。Neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, or连接两个名词或代词作主语时；由there, here引导的句子，并且主语不止一个时，谓语动词通常与邻近它的主语保持一致。如： There is a dictionary and some books on the desk. Either you or I am wrong. 【考点链接】