地纬容灾监控系统
解决方案及使用说明书
山东大学·山东地纬计算机软件有限公司
2005年11月
山东地纬计算机软件有限公司 地纬容灾监控系统解决方案及使用说明书
目 录
第一章 容灾监控系统解决方案······································································· 2
第一节 容灾功能简介················································································································ 2 第二节 数据库业务接管实现原理 ······························································································ 3 第三节 备机接管原则················································································································ 4 第四节 服务器系统远程恢复方案 ······························································································ 5
第二章 系统功能及运行环境 ·········································································· 9
第一节 系统的功能 ··················································································································· 9 第二节 运行环境······················································································································· 9
第三章 系统的组成部分及各部分的安装······················································ 10
第一节 运行于主机上的监控模块的安装 ·················································································10 第二节 备用数据库端软件的安装 ··························································································· 11 第三节 运行于用户监控端的监控软件客户端的安装 ······························································· 11
第四章 系统各个部分的运行及使用说明······················································ 15
第一节 运行于被监控数据库和操作系统上的监控模块的使用 ·················································15 第二节 备用数据库端程序的使用 ···························································································16 第三节 运行于用户监控端的监控软件客户端的运行及使用 ·····················································16
第五章 数据库容灾 ······················································································· 25
第一节 容灾功能介绍 ·············································································································25 第二节 体系结构 ····················································································································25 第三节 备份系统服务器要求 ··································································································26 第四节 容灾功能的使用 ·········································································································26
第六章 系统的注册 ······················································································· 27 第七章 联系方式 ··························································································· 28
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山东地纬计算机软件有限公司 地纬容灾监控系统解决方案及使用说明书
地纬容灾监控系统是由山东大学地纬计算机软件有限公司开发的、对数据库服务器进行监控的软件，是对操作系统和数据库的运行进行监控，对其错误和告警信息进行预警和诊断，并具有数据库容灾功能的软件。它能够获得操作系统和数据库的实时运行信息，及时获取其运行过程中出现的错误和告警信息，进行诊断分析，找出错误原因，出现灾难时通过容灾功能维护业务运行的连续性。
第一章 容灾监控系统解决方案
第一节 容灾功能简介
网络的迅速发展和广泛应用，使企事业单位的运作模式产生了革命性的变化，信息系统占据了各行各业竞争优势的主体地位。然而，由于各种灾难或突发事件而造成的业务服务中断，以及不能及时恢复系统而导致信息系统应用停止或数据丢失，会对企业或行业部门的服务质量、声誉造成严重影响，甚至会造成重大事故，使企业面临着生存的困难。因此能否保障信息系统的连续性运行是企事业单位信息化建设成败的关键。要保证业务持续性和信息系统的高可靠性，就需要建设一个对各种情况都可以抵御或者化解的本地和异地的容灾系统。容灾系统的核心就在于将灾难化解，一是保证企业数据的安全，二是保证业务的连续性。
容灾就是要在灾难发生时，全面、及时地恢复整个系统。容灾按其容灾能力的高低可分为多个层次，常见的容灾备份等级有以下四个：
1. 第0级：本地备份、本地保存的冷备份
这一级容灾备份，实际上就是通常所指的数据备份。它的容灾恢复能力最弱，它只在本地进行数据备份，并且被备份的数据磁带只在本地保存，没有送往异地。
2. 第1级：本地备份、异地保存的冷备份
在本地将关键数据备份，然后送到异地保存，如交由银行保管。灾难发生后，按预定数据恢复程序恢复系统和数据。这种容灾方案也是采用磁带机等存储设备进行本地备份，同样还可以选择磁带库、光盘库等存储设备。
3. 第2级：热备份站点备份
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山东地纬计算机软件有限公司 地纬容灾监控系统解决方案及使用说明书
在异地建立一个热备份点，通过网络进行数据备份。也就是通过网络以同步或异步方式，把主站点的数据备份到备份站点。备份站点一般只备份数据，不承担业务，当出现灾难时，备份站点接替主站点的业务，从而维护业务运行的连续性。
4. 第3级：活动互援备份
这种异地容灾方案与前面介绍的热备份站点备份方案差不多，不同的只是主、从系统不再是固定的，而是互为对方的备份系统。这两个数据中心系统分别在相隔较远的地方建立，它们都处于工作状态，并进行相互数据备份。当某个数据中心发生灾难时，另一个数据中心接替其工作任务。通常在这两个系统中的光纤设备连接中还提供容余通道，以备工作通道出现故障时及时接替工作。
地纬容灾监控系统对作为生产库的主机系统进行实时监控并把数据库更新同步到备机上。本系统容灾功能等级为上述的第二级，即热备份站点备份。当主机系统出现问题时，让备机作为生产库保障用户业务的正常运行，最大程度的减少用户的损失。
第二节 数据库业务接管实现原理
主机和备机安装好相同版本的操作系统和数据库，由监控机管理，随时把主机上的生产数据库的更新信息传送给备机，并在备机上的备用数据库上进行同步操作。正常情况下，备机上的数据库不对客户端开放，客户端连接到主机的数据库进行业务操作。当主机发生故障时，监控机开放备机上的数据库，客户端就使用备机上的数据库进行业务操作。
主机和备机具有不同的IP地址，如何在主机出现故障时使得客户端可以自动连接到备机的数据库呢？解决方法是，在客户端的Oracle接口配置中(tnsnames.ora)同时配上主机和备机的IP地址，这样当主机出现故障时，Oracle的客户端会自动去连接备机的数据库。系统的整体架构如图1所示：
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