大学英语四级模拟卷一
Part I Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay about a college association that influences you most. You should state the reasons and write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.
Part II Listen Comprehension Section A
Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item. 1. A. The growth of new teeth. C. A natural process of tooth repair. B. The decay of bad teeth. D. A medical effect on tooth repair. 2. A) Early-stage cavities. B. Late-stage cavities. C. A headache. D. A stomachache. Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news items. 3. A. The UK Open badminton tournament. C. The US Open badminton tournament. B. The UK Open tennis tournament. D. The US Open tennis tournament. 4. A. Thirty-three players. B. Three players. C. Twenty-two players. D. Twenty-four players. Question 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item. 5. A. The ocean. B. The forest. C. The grassland. D. The farmland. 6. A. To make the ocean cleaner. C. To make fishing more sustainable. B. To make the fishermen richer. D. To make fishing more competitive. 7. A. The weather gets worse than before. C. Many fishermen switch to other business. B. There are more mechanical problems with boats. D. Many fishermen lose their business.
Section B
Conversation One Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 8. A. Close friends who talk about almost everything. C. Colleagues working in the same office. B. Dating service agent and customer. D. Interviewer and interviewee in a survey. 9. A. Men who like donkeys. C. Men who have a sense of humor. B. Men who love to laugh loudly. D. Men who are emotional.
10. A. Books and cooking. B. Books and movies. C. Movies and cleaning. D. Politics and exercising. 11. A. The man invites her out to have dinner. C. They go out to enjoy a jazz concert. B. The man comes to have dinner at her home. D. They have a good conversation over coffee. Conversation Two Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12. A. It’s the easiest way to communicate with other users over network. B. It’s printed on every card for people to exchange with others. C. Everybody is talking about it nowadays.
D. If a person doesn’t have one, he will be out of time. 13. A. It cannot contain any commercial information. B. It may not be of a high level of security. C. One can only use the free e-mail account at home.
D. It is difficult to get access to the website with such service. 14. A. A specific program for e-mail. C. IE and Windows. B. It may not be of a high level of security. D. Additional software.
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15. A. Print an e-mail address on her card. C. Pay the ISP for an e-mail account. B. Check her hardware and software. D. Try to get a free e-mail account.
Section C
Passage One Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A. In 1604. B. Around 1700. C. In 1750. D. In 1755. 17. A. Robert Cawdrey. B. John Kersey. C. Samuel Johnson. D. Daniel Webster. 18. A. It has a complete list of difficult words. C. It is a 20-volume work. B. It has sentences includes as examples. D. It includes the presentation of word histories. Passage Two Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19. A. About 7 000. B. About 70 000. C. About 4 million. D. About 40 million. 20. A. American doctors would pay the medical bills. C. The patients should pay for the doctors service. B. American doctors are paid by the government. D. The government would pay for the medical bills. 21. A. Health insurance plans, government help and individual payment. B. The federal government of the US. C. The wise investment of their money. D. The companies they work for.
22. A. Only individuals pay for their health insurance.
B. Health insurance can greatly lower the cost of individuals. C. Health insurance covers everything on the bills. D. There is no time limit for health insurance.
Passage Three Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 23. A. She worked in a clothing shop not far from home. B. She did experiments in a lab not far from her home. C. She stayed at home and designed clothes. D. She became a partner of an old lady.
24. A. After she designed the clothes women wanted. C. After her former boss of the shop retired. B. When her former boss of the shop died. D. Soon after she worked in the shop. 25. A. Cheap hotels were not comfortable. C. She wanted to show her wealth. B. She was wearing good clothes. D. The best hotels could bring more customers.
Part III Reading Comprehension
Section A Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.
Thanks giving is America’s national holiday for giving thanks to God. Thanksgiving Day has s special 26 for Americans because it is traced back to that group of people who were among the first to come to the New World in search of freedom.
In 1620, 102 sea weary (疲倦的) Pilgrims landed on the peninsula of Cape Cod. Their ship, the Mayflower, had 27 to go to Virginia, but it made its landfall far to the north. After some weeks of 28 they decided not to make the trip to Virginia but to remain where they were. But when they stepped ashore in this 29 alien world, they were totally isolated from any outside 30 and knew no means of livelihood. And the greater trouble is that in the woods live Indians, some of whom were 31 . This added to the hardship of daily life. But the vast 32 of forests gave them a hope. In this way, the nation’s forefathers not only 33 the first severe winter, but also saw the first harvest of crops in the next autumn. Their Indian friends were also invited to join their festival.
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This story is told every year to young children in schools as Thanksgiving Day (the fourth Thursday of November) 34 . Today, in US Thanksgiving Day is celebrated by many Americas whose roots do not stem from Britain. Now it is marked by families gathering together to enjoy a 35 dinner for roast turkey, and to tell the things for which they are thankful.
A. approaches B. appropriate C. assistance D. exploring E. hostile F. intended G. interfered H. justified I. normally J. significance K. stretches L. structure M. survived N. traditional O. utterly
Section B A.
Wireless Health Care
Is it possible that among all the advertisements about Apple’s iPad, one potential use has been overlooked? Larry Nathanson, head of emergency-medicine “informatics” at one of Harvard Medical School’s hospitals, has experimented with using the device in the patients’ rooms. He writes that “initial tests with our clinical applications went amazingly well...the EKGs (心电图) look better on screen than on paper. It was great having all of the clinical information right at the bedside to discuss with the patient.”
Dr. Nathanson’s enthusiasm hints at the potential of wireless instruments to improve health care, and to ensure more personalized treatment in particular. Experts have long predicted that advances in genetics will bring in a golden age of individually tailored therapies. But in fact it is much lower-tech wireless devices and Internet-based health software that are speeding up the mass personalization of health care, and creating entirely new business models in the process.
Wireless health is “becoming universal” in hospitals, according to Kalorama Information, a market-research firm. It estimates that the market for such devices and services in America alone will grow from $2.7 billion in 2007 to $9.6 billion in 2012. Don Jones of Qualcomm, a maker of networking technology, argues that the trend speeds diagnosis and treatment, and saves doctors’ and nurses’ time. GE, an industrial giant, and Sprint, an American mobile operator, have joined forces to offer hospitals such services. GE’s software allows the secure monitoring of patients’ health via mobile phones, as does rival software from Airstrip.
Doctors are an obvious early target for wireless health. A forthcoming report by the California Health Care Foundation (CHCF), a think tank, estimates that two-thirds of American physicians already have smart-phones. Over one-third of American doctors use Epocrates, a program for mobiles and laptops which offers instant information on drug-to-drug interactions, treatment recommendations and so on. The software will soon be able to access electronic health records (EHRs) via mobiles—which the author of the CHCF’s report thinks could be “the killer application” of wireless health.
The hope is that nimble new technologies, from smart-phones to EHRs to health-monitoring devices, will give more power to patients and doctors, and thus improve outcomes while cutting costs. The popularization of mobile phones is the chief reason to think this optimistic thought may come true. Patients with smart-phones can certainly benefit from interactive “wellness” applications that track diet, exercise and important signs.
But Carolyn Buck-Luce of Ernst & Young, a consultancy, points out that “Mobile Health” is transforming health care in poor countries as well as rich ones. Medical Home, a Mexican team that provides medical consultations by mobile, already has millions of customers. Paul Meyer of Voxiva, an
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B.
C.
D.
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F.
American technology firm that has set up Mobile Health systems in Rwanda and Peru, among other places, says that such schemes have been so successful in the developing world that they are now being adopted in the rich world, too. His firm has helped the American government with its recent launch of “Information Baby”, a public-health movement to educate pregnant mothers (they receive free text messages with medical advice) that will soon become the biggest such effort in the world.
G. What is more, mobile phones are but one part of a broader wireless trend in health care that McKinsey, a
consultancy, estimates may soon be worth up to $60 billion globally. Many companies are coming up with “home health” devices based on the wireless technology. Some are obviously used in clinical. Medtronic, a devices giant, is developing a bedside monitor that wirelessly tracks the blood sugar levels in diabetic children sleeping nearby. GE has come up with “body sensor networks”, tiny wireless devices that track the vital signs of those who wear them.
H. The most successful devices may be, as Eric Dishman of Intel puts it, “secret”. His firm, a big chipmaker,
is investing in devices to track the health of the elderly, such as “magic carpets” that sense erratic (不稳定的) movements and thus can predict a fall. Continua, an industry group, is developing shared standards so that blood-pressure monitors and scales can wirelessly transfer readings to doctors’ offices or personal EHR services like Google Health.
I. All these devices and services do not just allow doctors to make more accurate diagnoses, prescribe more
effective treatments and keep better track of patients’ conditions. They also allow health services to tailor treatments depending on patients’ personal preferences and behavioral shortcomings. Studies show, for example, that although some patients with long-standing diseases are not caring about taking pills properly, others are careless or forgetful. Some prefer efficient electronic reminders, whereas others respond best when a nurse calls home. A global consumer survey released on April 6th by PricewaterhouseCoopers (PWC), a consultant company, finds that the elderly prefer high-quality care with lots of personal attention, whereas younger types prefer low-cost care and health schemes.
J. Many health systems, PWC’s report finds, are beginning to divide customers into different categories to
arrange treatments accordingly. For example, Discovery Health, a South African insurer, uses a variety of different methods to get patients with diseases to follow through on their treatments, from text messages reminding them to take their pills to rewards for good behavior.
K. A similar scheme run by Health Media, a health firm owned by Johnson & Johnson, a big drugs firm,
uses online tools (it calls them “digital health coaches”) to help patients manage diabetes and lose weight. Its studies suggest that half of the digitally directed people do lose weight. And the improved health of those with chronic conditions is worth $1000 a year to their employers. Virgin Health Miles, an American rival, has taken the same idea a step further, using online social networks, through which co-workers or family members can cheer on or remind patients electronically, in order to encourage exercise or weight loss. Patients seem to like this kind of thing: one patient who suffers from heart disease, for example, has created a forum for fellow sufferers that can be accessed through an iPhone application.
L. All these measures are particularly promising because they help bring about behavioral change, normally
the hardest element of any treatment. Patients often ignore doctors’ lectures, but are more inclined to listen to supportive friends and family. By the same token, doctors and nurses are not always on hand to encourage healthy behavior, but mobile phones and other wireless gadgets can be. That is something that even personalized genetic therapies could not offer.
36. According to PWC, the elderly prefer high-quality care while the young prefer low-cost care.
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37. Patients often ignore doctors’ lecture, but are more likely to follow the advice of supportive friends and family.
38. The main aim of “magic carpets” is to predict when the elderly will fall.
39. According to PWC’s report, many health systems are starting to divide customers into different categories so that they can arrange treatments accordingly.
40. People believe nimble new technologies will help patients and doctors greatly because mobile phones are widely used.
41. According to Don Jones, the wide use of wireless health devices in hospitals quickens diagnosis and treatment.
42. According to Larry Nathanson, iPad can be used in clinical applications. 43. At the beginning, wireless health aims at doctors in the hospital.
44. The scheme run by Health Media suggests that half of the people who use its online tools do lose weight. 45. The lower-tech wireless devices and Internet-based health software promote the mass personalization of health care.
Section C
Passage One Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.
Academic qualification’s value in the workplace is a big issue for students, policymakers and taxpayers, especially as the rising numbers of students in higher education make them less distinctive. In the latest annual report on education by the OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development), a rich-country think-tank, the answer is clear: the pay-off from tertiary education (高等教育) is still good, both for the individual and the economy. Most graduates take jobs fitting their qualifications, earn more than non-graduates, and thus tend to pay more in taxes.
The workforce is smartening up. In the OECD 35% of the 25- to 34-year-old workforce has completed tertiary education, compared with 20% of the cohort approaching retirement. Countries such as Japan and South Korea have invested so heavily in educating their young that more than half now hold post-school qualifications. Norway, Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands are close behind. Andreas Schleicher, the OECD’s chief of education research, reckons that these countries may well become more competitive as a result.
The OECD’s compendium (概要) also shows that graduate jobs fared better during the global recession. Data show those who had completed tertiary education were more likely to be employed, and less likely to be unemployed in 2008. Earnings data are from the middle of the decade, so it is not yet clear how the downturn has hit graduate pay.
The “education is good” mantra does not work everywhere. In some countries many students have to be content with the intellectual rewards of study. In Spain, for example, 44% of college- and university-educated youngsters are working in low-skill jobs. America, Canada and Britain also have high shares of graduates working in jobs for which they are overqualified. In lucky Luxembourg hardly any graduates end up in menial jobs.
Salaries vary sharply too. Poland has fewer graduates in non-graduate jobs than America, but the gross earnings of 25- to 34-year-olds with tertiary qualifications in that country is $11,800 compared with $56,200 in the land of the free. Hardly surprising therefore that Polish graduates hanker after jobs in America and that American companies like investing in places such as Poland and Hungary, where they can hire highly qualified labour for far less money than at home.
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46. Why does academic qualifications’ value become an important issue? A. People can find a good job without a good qualification. B. More and more access to colleges and universities.
C. An increasing number of students lose their own characteristic. D. Most graduates can find good jobs and pay much more in taxes. 47. Why does the author say the workforce is smartening up? A. There are many old people approaching retirement. B. A lot of money is put on the basic education.
C. Some countries are very competitive in education. D. More people have finished higher education. 48. What is unclear in the third higher education? A. Whether the earning data are accurate. C. How graduate pay has been affected. B. How graduates look for jobs. D. Whether more graduates lose their jobs. 49. Why does not the “education is good” mantra work everywhere? A. In some countries some graduates often lose their jobs. B. In some countries some graduates cannot find suitable jobs. C. In some countries some graduates are underqualified. D. In some countries some graduates can be highly paid. 50. What is hardly surprising according to the author?
A. Graduates in Poland earn more money than those in America. B. Graduates from Poland would like to look for a job in America. C. Graduates in Poland are more qualified than those in America. D. Graduates from Poland always do the low-skilled jobs in America.
Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.
The two economists call their paper “Mental Retirement,” and their argument has aroused the interest of behavioral researchers. Data from the United States, England and 11 other European countries suggest that the earlier people retire, the more quickly their memories decline.
“It’s incredibly interesting and exciting,” said Laura Carstensen, director of the Center on Longevity at Stanford University. “It suggests work actually provides an important component of the environment that keeps people functioning optimally (最佳地).”
While not everyone is convinced by the new analysis, published recently in The Journal of Economic Perspectives, a number of leading researchers say the study is, at least, a bit of evidence for a hypothesis that is widely believed but surprisingly difficult to demonstrate.
Researchers repeatedly find that retired people as a group tend to do less well on cognitive (认知的) tests than people who are still working. But, they note, that could be because people whose memories and thinking skills are declining may be more likely to retire than people whose cognitive skills remain sharp. And research has failed to support the premise that mastering activities like memory exercises, crossword puzzles and games like Sudoku carry over into real life, improve overall functioning.
“If you do crossword puzzles, you get better at crossword puzzles,” said Lisa Berkman, director of the Center for Population and Development Studies at Harvard University. “If you do Sudoku, you get better at Sudoku. You get better at one narrow task. But you don’t get better at cognitive behavior in life.”
The study was possible, explains one of its authors, Robert Willis, a professor of economics at the University of Michigan, because the National Institute on Aging began a large study in the United States
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nearly 20 years ago. Called the Health and Retirement Study, it surveys more than 22,000 Americans over age 50 every two years, and administers memory tests.
51. According to the data from America and some European countries, retired people ___________. A. have aroused the interest of many psychologists B. are more forgetful than they were at work C. don’t have a functioning mind any more D. can have much better cognitive skills
52. In Laura L. Carstensen’s opinion, what is the relationship between work and mental function? A. Work has nothing to do with people’s mental function. B. Work has a positive effect on people’s mental function. C. People’s mental function decreases gradually after work. D. People’s mental function has no influence on people’s work. 53. Lisa Berkman claimed that Sudoku could ____________. A. improve man’s overall functioning greatly C. help develop man’s cognitive skills B. make people good at this narrow task D. help people live much longer 54. What can we learn about the Health and Retirement Study? A. It has been carried out for about 20 years. B. It surveys Americans under the age of 50.
C. It is led by Robert Willis in the National Institute. D. It gets support from the University of Michigan.
55. According to the passage, what does “mental Retirement mean”? A. People are reluctant to retire at an early age. B. People have to retire earlier than expected.
C. People’s mental functions will decline even though they are still working. D. People’s memories and reasoning abilities decline if they are not working.
Part IV Translation
自驾游(self-driving tour)属于自助旅游的一种，是近年来我国新兴的旅游方式。自驾游在选择目的地、参与程序和体验自由等方面给旅游者提供了伸缩自如的空间，与传统的参团旅游(group tour)相比具有本身的特点和魅力。随着自驾车旅游者的增多，自驾游市场已具规模，越来越多的旅行社、汽车 俱乐部、汽车租赁(car rentals)公司看好并涉足这一市场的开发。
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