(天津专版)高考英语二轮复习 专题一 语法知识 第十二讲 介词与介词短语 下载本文

第十二讲 介词与介词短语

考点 语境词义辨析

1.Determining where we are ________ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.(2017·江苏,32) A.in contrast to C.in face of 答案 D

解析 句意为:通过对比我们周围的环境来确定我们的位置是我们生存的一项重要技能。结合句意可知,这里用in relation to“相对某事物而言”。in contrast to与……相比;in defense of保卫,为……辩护;in face of面对。

2.We offer an excellent education to our students.________,we expect students to work hard.

(2017·天津,13)

A.On average C.In return 答案 C

解析 句意为:我们向学生提供优质的教育,同时也希望学生努力学习。in return作为报酬,作为回报,符合语境。on average平均来看;at best充其量,至多;after all毕竟,终究。

3.The dictionary is ________:many words have been added to the language since it was published.(2016·天津,2) A.out of control C.out of sight 答案 B

解析 考查“out of+名词”型介词短语辨析。句意为:这部词典过时了:自从它出版以来,这门语言已增添了许多单词。out of date过时,符合语境。out of control失控;out of sight看不见;out of reach够不着。

4.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes ________ animals both on land and sea?

(2015·浙江,3)

A.about C.with

B.to D.over B.out of date D.out of reach B.At best D.After all B.in defense of D.in relation to

答案 B

解析 考查固定搭配。句意为:你听说过是海陆两栖动物栖息地的树吗?be home to为固定搭配,意为“是……的栖息地,是……的家园”。

5.Most people work because it’s unavoidable.________,there are some people who actually enjoy work.(2015·浙江,10) A.As a result C.By contrast 答案 C

解析 句意为:大多数人工作因为这是无法避免的,相比之下,也有一些人确实喜欢工作。根据语境可知,此处表示前后对比。by contrast相比之下,符合语境。as a result结果;in addition另外,此外;in conclusion总之。

6.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around ________ Thomas Edison.

(2015·江苏,34)

A.thanks to C.aside from 答案 D

解析 句意为:如果没有托马斯·爱迪生的话,我们现在所受益的许多东西是不会出现的。thanks to幸亏,由于;regardless of不管,不顾;aside from除了,除……以外;but for要不是,如果没有的话。由句意知选D项。

7.This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you ________ that if you smoked here you would be fined.(2015·湖北,30) A.in advance C.in total 答案 A

解析 考查“in+名词”型短语意义辨析。句意为:这个会议室是“无烟区”。我想提前提醒你,如果你在这里吸烟,你将会被罚款。根据题干中that引导的宾语从句可知,说话者是在“提前”告诉对方这一事实,所以选择in advance。in detail详细地;in total总共;in general一般来说。 考点归纳

1.几组常见的介词短语 (1)out of+名词

out of question毫无疑问;out of the question不可能;out of order次序颠倒;out of sight看不见;out of place不合适;out of pity出于同情;out of curiosity出于好奇 (2)in+名词

B.in detail D.in general B.regardless of D.but for B.In addition D.In conclusion

in power掌权;in good condition状态良好;in despair绝望地;in public/secret公开地/秘密地;in tears哭泣;in good/bad repair保养得好/不好;in charge负责,掌管;in a hurry 匆忙 in anger生气;in trouble有困难 (3)in+名词+介词

in case of以防万一;in honor of为了纪念……;in favor of支持;in memory of为了纪念……;in charge of负责;in terms of从……角度;in need of需要;in praise of表扬;in view of鉴于;in return for作为对……的回报;in response to对……的答复或反应 (4)under+名词

under control受控;under attack遭到攻击;under way在进行中;under discussion在讨论;under consideration在讨论/考虑中 (5)at+名词

at work在工作;at play在玩耍;at dinner在吃饭;at ease轻松,自由自在;at war 在打仗 (6)on+名词

on fire着火;on purpose故意地;on duty值日;on the phone在打电话;on leave在休假; on holiday在度假;on a walk在散步;on the rise/fall上升/下降;on sale出售;on show/exhibition展出;on business 出差;on one’s way to在去……的路上;on a visit/trip/tour出行 (7)to one’s+情感名词

to one’s surprise令某人惊讶的是;to one’s joy使某人高兴的是;to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是;to one’s delight使某人高兴的是 2.注意下列短语中介词的用法 for nothing不花钱,免费 come across the room穿过房间 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 get paid by the week按周获得报酬 be particular about...对……苛求、挑剔 with satisfaction满意地

be second to none不输于任何人;不比任何东西差 on one’s own独自地

in great quantity大量地,大批量 in great demand需求量很大

take a turn for the better正朝更好的方向发展

keep an eye on照看,照料 with the help of在……的帮助下 under the leadership of在……的领导下 the article in the newspaper报纸上的文章 a bird in the tree树上的鸟 apples on the tree树上的苹果 tickets for the concert音乐会的票 in the direction of朝着……的方向 from the direction of从……的方向 set an example to sb.给某人树立榜样 3.下列短语中to 为介词 belong to属于 date back to追溯到 look forward to盼望;期望 be addicted to沉溺于 be accustomed to习惯于

be/get used to doing...习惯于做…… be devoted to...致力于…… stick to坚持

方法1 汉语对照法

在高考试题中,考查的介词有一大部分是表示方位、范围的,这就涉及到一些表示方位的介词,这时可以根据其汉语意思来解答此类试题。

[典例1] When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California,you will be ________ trees that are over 1,000 years old.(2017·天津,12) A.among C.behind 答案 A

解析 句意为:当你驾车穿过加利福尼亚的红杉林时,你会置身在那些树龄超过1 000年的树木之间。among在……当中,为……所围绕,符合语境。against以……为背景,衬托;behind在……后面;below在……下面。

[典例2] Don’t you think this shirt is too tight ________ the shoulders? A.across

B.over B.against D.below