4. lay vt.放下；摆设；产(蛋) lie vi. 躺，平放；位于 lay---laid---laid---laying 5. prevent vt. 预防，防止 lie---lay---lain---lying prevention n.预防；阻止；妨碍 6. gentle adj.和蔼的；轻柔的 gently adv.温和地；静静地 7. physics n.物理，物理学 physicist n.物理学家 lie n.&vi. 谎话；说谎 lie---lied---lied---lying preventable adj.可防止的，可预防的 physical adj.身体的；物理(学)的；物质的 【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。 1). The naughty boy _______ (lie) to me that the hen that _______ (lie) there just now had ______ (lay) two eggs the day before. 2). In my opinion, ________ (prevent) is more important than treatment. 3). Some programs on the Internet are full of ________ (violent) and sex. 4). With the ________ (develop) of modern industry, more and more pollution is caused. 5). China is a ________ (develop) country belong to the third world. 6). There are ________ (fundament) differences between your religious beliefs and mine. 7). His ambition is to become a great ________ (physics). Keys: 1). lied; lay; laid 2). prevention 3). violence 4). development 5). developing 6). fundamental 7). physicist

Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用材料）

1. system n.[c] 系统；体系；制度；方法 systematic adj 有系统的; 有条理的 [典例]

1). The solar system includes the sun and its eight planets. 太阳系包括太阳和它的八颗行星。 2). Alcohol is bad for your system. 喝酒对身体有害。 [练习] 根据句子的意思完成句子。

1). The ______ ______ (教育系统) operates very differently in the US and China. 2). He introduced us a well-designed ______ ______ (铁路系统). Keys: 1). educational system 2). railway system

2. lay vt. (laid, laid, laying) 把放下；摆设；铺(地毯) ；产(蛋)

[典例]

1). He laid his hand on my shoulder. 他把手放在我的肩上。 2). Who should we lay the blame on? 我们该责备谁? [重点用法] lay短语： lay eggs 下蛋

lay sth. aside 把某物放在一边；积蓄（钱） lay the blame on sb.责备某人

lay emphasis / stress on sth. 把重点放在某事上

lay sth. down 把某物放下 lay the table 摆桌子

[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). The bird ______ its eggs in other birds’ nests.

2). He is a political leader that _____ _____ _____ _____ (非常强调) individual responsibility. 3). He ______ some money ______ for rainy days.

Keys: 1). lays 2). lays great stress on 3). lays/puts; aside

3. harmful adj. 有害的；伤害的 harm n.&vt. 伤害（某人） [典例]

Many people are aware of the harmful effects of smoking. 很多人都意识到吸烟的危害。 [重点用法]

be harmful to sb./sth. 对??有害 害??

[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). Everyone knows that smoking is ______ to your health.

2). In many cases, too much care for children from parents might even do ______ to their growth. 3). 在阳光下看书对你的眼睛伤害很大。

_______________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1). harmful 2). harm 3). Reading in the sun does a lot of harm to your eyes. = Reading in the

sun does your eyes a lot of harm.= Reading in the sun is very harmful to your eyes.

4. exist vi. 存在；生存 existence n. 存在 [典例]

1). Does life exist on Mars? 火星上有生命吗?

2). I can hardly exist on the wage I’ m getting. 我靠我挣的工资简直难以餬口。

do harm to sb.= do sb. harm = harm sb. 对??有害；伤

[重点用法]

exist + prep. 存在于地方

exist on sth. 靠某物生存

[练习] 用exist的短语或其适当形式填空。 1). This plant ______ only ______ Australia. 2). Can you ______ ______ such a low salary? 3). I doubt the ______ (exist) of alien.

Keys: 1). exists; in 2). exist on to 3). existence

5. puzzle vt.&vi. (使)迷惑；(使)苦思 n.谜；难题 puzzled adj.无法了解的；困惑的 puzzling adj.令人费解的 [典例]

1). Her reply puzzled me. 她的回答把我弄糊涂了。

2). Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me. 他们为什麽要做此事我仍莫名其妙。 [重点用法]

sth. puzzles sb. 某事使某人迷惑/为难 到迷惑

puzzle about/over sth. 对某事感到迷惑或苦苦思索（以便理解） puzzle one’ s brain苦思苦想；绞尽脑汁

solve a puzzle 解决一个难题

[练习] 用puzzle的适当形式填空或翻译。

1). To explain the ________ (puzzle) findings, he offers two theories. 2). I _______ (puzzle) that I haven’ t heard from Liz for so long. 3). She listened with a _______ (puzzle) expression on her face.

4). No one has yet succeeded in explaining the _______ (puzzle) of how life began. 5). He _______ (puzzle) what to do next.

6). _______ _______ _______ (使我困惑的事情) is why he left the country without telling anyone. Keys: 1). puzzling 2). am puzzled 3). puzzled 4). puzzle 5) was puzzled 6). What puzzles me

6. pull v.拉，拖，拔；移动 n.拉，拖；拉(引)力 [典例]

sb. be puzzled by sth. 某人对??感

1). You push and I’ ll pull. 你来推，我来拉。

2). I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round. 我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。 [重点用法]

pull ahead (of sb/sth) 领先（於某人/物） （某人）

pull off (sth)（指机动车辆）驶离（道路）（至路侧停车处停下） pull out (sth.) 拉掉；使分离；掏出；驶离（车站）

pull on 穿，戴上（袜子、手套等） [练习] 用pull短语的适当形式填空。 1). I arrived as the last train was ______ ______. 2). He ______ ______ a gun and aimed at the criminal.

3). So long as we ______ ______, there’ s no mountain top we can’t conquer. Keys: 1). pulling out 2). pulled out 3). pull together

7. cheer vt. & vi. (使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼 cheerful adj.高兴的 cheerless adj.不高兴的 [典例]

1). The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared. 女王出现时群众高声欢呼。 2). He was greatly cheered by the news. 他听到这个消息非常高兴。 [重点用法]

cheer sb. on为某人加油

cheer (sb) up（使某人）更高兴或更快活

pull together 同心协力；通力合作

pull (sb) back（使某人）退却；撤回

[练习] 用cheer的短语或其适当形式填空。 1). Your visit has greatly ______ him up.

2). The crowd ______ the runners ______ as they started the last lap. 3). You look as though you need ______ up.

Keys: 1). cheered 2). cheered; on 3). cheering

Ⅳ.重点词组（旨在提供词汇综合运用材料）

1. to begin with = to start with 以??开始；由??作为开头；首先 [典例]

To begin/start with, I couldn’ t understand a single word. 起初，我一句也没弄明白。