ܡ ϰ
1-17 ʯӢĽǿȣƵıΪ1.75J/m2; Si-OƽԭӼΪ1.6*10-8cm;ģ6075Gpa
E?(60~75)*109*1.75?th?=?25.62~28.64GPa
a1.6*10?101-18 ʯӢܲΪE=73 Gpa=1.56 J/m2ǿȦth=28 GpaдΪ2mѣҴѴֱɴ˵µǿۼϵ 2c=2m c=1*10-6m
2E?2*73*109*1.56?c?=?0.269GPa ?6?c3.14*1*10ǿۼϵ=1-0.269/28=0.99
1-19 ֤ⶨ϶Եĵпڡļ㹫ʽ
6Mcc1/2235KIC?[1.93?3.07(c/w)?14.5(c/w)?25.07(c/W)?25.8(c/w)] 2BWKIC?PcS[2.9(c/W)1/2?4.6(c/W)3/2?21.8(c/W)5/2?37.6(c/W)7/2?38.7(c/W)9/2]3/2BWһ¡
֤ Mc?1/4PcS
6Mcc1/2KIC?[1.93?3.07(c/w)?14.5(c/w)2?25.07(c/W)3?25.8(c/w)5] 2BW6*1/4*Pc*S*c1/2235KIC?[1.93?3.07(c/w)?14.5(c/w)?25.07(c/W)?25.8(c/w)]2BWKIC?PcS[2.9(c/W)1/2?4.6(c/W)3/2?21.8(c/W)5/2?37.6(c/W)7/2?38.7(c/W)9/2] 3/2BW1-20 һմԼڿмһпͼE=380 Gpa=0.24KIcֵ輫ش50Kg˲ϵĶѱܡ c/W=0.1, Pc=50*9.8N ,B=10, W=10S=40 ʽ
KIC?PcS[2.9(c/W)1/2?4.6(c/W)3/2?21.8(c/W)5/2?37.6(c/W)7/2?38.7(c/W)9/2]3/2BW=
50*9.8*401/23/25/27/29/2[2.9*0.1?4.6*0.1?21.8*0.1?37.6*0.1?38.7*0.1]=62*3/210*0.010
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ܡ ϰ
0.917-0.145+0.069-0.012+0.0012 =1.96*0.83==1.63Pam1/2
KIC?2E? 1??2KIC2(1??2)???(1.63*106)2*0.94/(2*380*109)?3.28 J/m2
2E1-21 һְгӦ350MPaڲһֱӦĴȱݣ8mm(=2c)˸ֲĵǿΪ1400 MPaߴr0ѷ볤cıֵôԼKICֵĿԡ
K??Y?c=??.c=39.23Mpa.m1/2
r0?1K?2()?0.125mm 2??ys1?>0.021 15?r0/c?0.125/4?0.031?ôԼKICֵIJܡ
1-22 һմһֱӦıѣѳΪ12mm;(2)0.049mm;(3)2 um, ֱµٽӦ˲ϵĶΪ1.62MPa.m2۽
KI?Y?c
Y=1.12?=1.98
??KI=0.818c?1/2
1.98c(1)c=2mm, ?c?0.818/2*10?3?18.25MPa
(2)c=0.049mm, ?c?0.818/0.049*10?3?116.58MPa c=2um, ?c?0.818/2*10?6?577.04MPa
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ܡ ϰ
2 ϵѧ
2-1 £298K£1273KʱĪʯɵĦֵͰ-ٹɼĽȽϡ
1 T=298KCp=a+bT+cT-2=87.55+14.96*10-3*298-26.68*105/2982
=87.55+4.46-30.04 =61.97 *4.18J/mol.K
2 T=1273KCp=a+bT+cT-2=87.55+14.96*10-3*1293-26.68*105/12732
=87.55+19.34-1.65
=105.24*4.18J/mol.K=438.9 J/mol.K
ݶ¡-涨ɣ(3Al2O3.2SiO4) Cp=21*2494=523.74 J/mol.K
ɼ¶ȵߣCP,mDulong?Petitõļֵ2-2 1723ܲ=0.021J/(cm.s.); =4.6*10-6/;p=7.0Kg/mm2.E=6700Kg/mm2,=0.25.һڶȳѵֿӡ
һѵֿӣR??f(1??) ?E7*9.8*106*0.75 =
4.6*10?6*6700*9.8*106 =170
??f(1??)ڶѵֿӣR??
?E =170*0.021=3.57 J/(cm.s)
2-3 һȻɷӦսᵪƳɣȵʦ=0.184J/(cm.s.)=120mm.ȴϵh=0.05 J/(cm2.s.),ٶ״S=1Ӧõȳ²
?Tm?R?S?1
0.31rmh10
ܡ ϰ
=226*0.184==447
2-4ϵͳܵ?F??E?TSlnN?ln1
0.31*6*0.05N!.Фػȱ
(N?n)!n!нһԭӴӾƵEs?0.48eV,0ȱݱ
nǶ٣ NN!](N?n)!?n!?F??E?T?S??E?KT[lnN!?ln(N?n)!?lnn!]StirlingʽNܴʱlnN!?NlnN?N,ʽ?F??E?KT[NlnN?(N?n)ln(N?n)?nlnn]⣺?S?KlnW?Kln[??FƽʱܾСֵȱnʵı仯()T,P?0?nN?nnE?ES?KTln?0??exp(?)nN?nKTn0.48?1.6?10?19?9nʱN?n?N,?exp(?)?1.42?10N1.38?10?23?273.152-5kT=0.024eV,һȷܼ0.24eV״̬òͳƷֲʱڷ-ͳƷֲж٣
e(E?EF)/kT1ͬʱ?ͳƷֲΪf?(E?EF)/kTe?111?e(E?EF)/kTe(E?EF)/kT?1Ϊ1e(E?EF)/kT?16.738?10?3?6.693?10?3??0.0067?0.67%?36.693?10.⣺Boltzmanֲf?A?e?E/kT?12-6 NaClKClͬľṹڵµDebye¶ȦDֱΪ310K230KKCl5KĶĦΪ3.8*10-2J/(K.mol),ԼNaCl5KKCl2KĶĦݡ
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