whatever引导的是表语从句，不能换成no matter what。名词性从句（主语，宾语，表语，同位语从句）中，\疑问词ever\不能换成\疑问词\，状语从句中可以换用。例如： Whoever comes to our party is welcome. （不能换成no matter who…） He will lend a helping hand to whoever needs his help. (不能换) He will buy whatever his son wants. （不能换）

Whatever you do, I will support you. (能换成no matter what…)

6. A written discussion of American politics will likely look considerably different depending on whether the writer is a Democrat or a Republican. likely 在该句中是副词 likely adj. / adv. be likely to do sth. It's likely that… a likely result

Profit will most likely have risen by about ?2 million. 利润极可能增加200万英镑左右。（副词）

likely的派生词：unlikely, likelihood。例如：

The likelihood of infection is minimal. 感染的可能性极小。 7. What is written may very well reflect a biased position. a biased position

be biased to/toward(s)/against 反义词：unbiased

III. 部分练习讲解

P111 Bridging the Gap

Directions: Fill in the blanks with a word or a phrase that best completes the passage. You may choose a suitable one from the list given. 解题方法：把词分类

动词 名词 形容词 副词 define action powerful internally express tears personal shape shape good respond to

Language is one of the things that sets us apart as beings, one of the things that essentially 1 definesus as humans. When language is used well it can elicit very deep feeling in others, motivate others to 2 actionand define the nature of our relationships. Sometimes in poetry the juxtaposition（并列）of two words or a certain phrase can bring 3tearsto the eyes, call up a whole host of imagery and move us deeply. We have seen language recently used in the politics of persuasion, used for 4 goodor ill - depending on your viewpoint. When we use language to 5 expressour true feelings to someone it can open and deepen the connection between us. Language is a very 6 powerfultool. How we use language shapes our world both 7 internallyand externally. How you use self-talk - what you say to yourself about yourself and about the world directly 8 shapes（塑造，使成形） your experience of both yourself and the world. How you deliver communication shapes the way the world 9 responds toyou. We can use language more effectively in both spheres: internal and external and

directly influence the health and power of our 10 personalrelationships and our business relationships.

I. New words and expressions

New words

1. confidence n.自信心；把握 相关词：confident be confident of sb. / sth.

have / lose confidence in sb. / sth. 注意比较：confident / confidential 2. program v. 训练；培养 3. mastery n. 控制；驾驭 4. destiny n. 命运；天命；天数

5. dramatically adv. 巨大地；惊人地；显著地 6. quality n. 质量；品质

7. subconscious adj. 下意识的；潛意识的 8. please v. 使满意；使愉快

9. command n.（给人或动物的）命令 10. knowingly adv. 故意地；蓄意地 11. impact n. 巨大影响；强大作用 12. matter v. 事关紧要；有重大影响 13. confident adj. 自信的；有自信心的 14. sense n.（对重大事情的） 感觉，意识

15. eliminate v. 排除；清除；消除 eliminate all grammatical mistakes be eliminated in the first round

16. disempower v. 剥夺；使失去权利；剥夺力量 注意构词法：dis（表示否定）+em（使，赋予）+power

en- / em-常见的动词前缀，如：enable, enrich, endanger, enlarge等。 empower v. 授权，赋予权利 17. self-esteem n. 自尊（心） 18. limit v. 限制；限定

区分两个名词limit和limitation。 There is a limit / are limits to one's life. There is no limit / are no limits to knowledge. Everyone has his own limitations. 19. infinite adj. 极大的；无法衡量的 相关词：finite, finitely, infinitely 20. stifle v. 压制；扼杀；阻止 21. creativity n. 创造力

相关词：create, creation, creator, creative, creatively 22. internal adj. 内心的；头脑中的

23. insignificant adj. 微不足道的；无足轻重的

相关词：significant, significance, significantly, insignificance 24. commonly adv. 通常；常常