Unit 2
Section I Listening Comprehension I. Short conversations
Directions: In this section you'll hear some short conversations. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear.
1. A. Talking about arts.
B. Writing up local news. C. Reading newspapers.
D. Putting up advertisements. C
2. A. He should wait.
B. He should call and check on it. C. He should make a complaint.
D. He should go and check it by himself. A
3. A. A student.
B. A teaching assistant. C. A professor. D. A journalist. D
4. A. When the woman’s birthday is．
B. What the book is about． C. Why the book is popular． D. What is out of stock． C
5. A. At the office.
B. At a bank. C. In a hospital. D. At the library. D
6. A. $6.9. B. $10.68. C. $8.69.
D. $1.99. B
7. A. He should finish all the pages before midnight. B. He should work from midnight to morning. C. He shouldn’t try to finish everything tonight. D. He should leave in the morning. C
8. A. They should go to the movie. B. They should read the book.
C. They should go to the movie and then read the book. D. They should read the book and then go to the movie.
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D
9. A. The man bought quite a lot of books. B. The man should set up a library.
C. The bookstore doesn’t have many books. D. The man doesn’t know what books to buy. A
10. A. He dislikes it. B. He loves it.
C. He doesn’t want to read it.
D. He loves the beginning part of the book. B
II. Long conversations
Directions: In this section you'll hear a long conversation or conversations. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear.
Conversation 1
1. A. An autobiography of Bob Dylan.
B. A book written by Bob Dylan.
C. An autobiography of Howard Sounes. D. A biography by Howard Sounes. D 2. A. 5. B. 13. C. 15. D. 30. C
3. A. By Friday. B. By Monday. C. In three days. D. Not given. A
4. A. Colleagues. B. Classmates.
C. Teacher and student. D. Librarian and reader. B
Conversation 2 1. A. At home.
B. At her parents’ home. C. In her office. D. They are lost. B
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2. A. Runaway Bunny. B. Goodnight Moon. C. Green Eggs and Ham. D. Stephen King’s novel. C
3. A. He doesn’t like reading.
B. It’s difficult for him to find the time to finish a book. C. He begins to love reading from now on.
D. He usually reads at least two or three books a month. D
III. Understanding Passages
Directions: In this section you'll hear a passage or passages. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear.
Passage 1
1. A. Losing weight.
B. Making more money. C. Falling in love. D. Reading more. B
2. A. Interesting but hard ones. B. Good but hard ones.
C. Good and not too difficult ones.
D. Extremely difficult ones. C
3. A. A book.
Ｂ. The purse. Ｃ. A map. Ｄ. A card. A Passage 2
1. A. A new bookstore.
B. An traditional bookstore. C. An online bookstore. D. A clothing store. D
2. A. It switched focus. B. It was closed.
C. It was bought by Kitson.
D. It was planning to merge with Kitson. A
3. A. 100,000. B. 2,00.
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C. 200 or so.
D. Not mentioned. C
4. A. Because they are not allowed to be sold online. B. Because they can not arouse readers’ interest.
C. Because they have beautiful covers to attract readers. D. Because they can get lost in online book selling. D
Passage 3 1. A. Books.
B. Love.
C. Friendship. D. Knowledge. D
2. A. It broadens our horizon. B. It improves our talking.
C. It creates awareness for other people and culture. D. It gives a new direction to the mind to think. B
3. A. Parents should read aloud to children.
B. Children should read by themselves to feel the benefits of reading. C. Reading aloud would enhance children’s creative thinking. D. Children should read only fairy tales. C
Passage 4
1. A. It is held to call for children to celebrate the birthday of Dr Seuss. B. It is held on March 5.
C. Its activities aim to bring reading excitement to children of all ages. D. It is an annual reading motivation and awareness program. B
2. A. Athletes and actors. B. Teachers and principals. C. Children.
D. Governors, mayors and other elected officials. D
3. A. Issue reading challenges to young readers.
B. Dye their hair green or be stuck to a wall to boost reading. C. Assign reading tasks to children.
D. Celebrate the birthday of the beloved children’s author. B Passage 5
1. A. Because we cannot absorb all the information into our brain by reading.
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B. Because we have different ways of thinking. C. Because the work is too difficult.
D. Because we are like computers linked in networks. A
2. A. It means the reading process is casual.
B. It means the reading process depends on the reader’s knowledge or capacity of perception. C. It means the reading process depends on the reader’s mood.
D. It means that the writer can channel the reader into certain interpretations. D
3. A. The writer divides the essay into parts. B. The writer writes long paragraphs.
C. The writer gives the reader certain clues.
D. The writer channels the reader into certain interpretations. B
4. A. How to read creatively. B. How to read effectively. C. How to write creatively.
D. How to write for creative reading. D
IV. Compound Dictation
Directions: In this section you will hear a passage or passages three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the information you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Passage 1
Writers come in all shapes and sizes — film critics, novelists, editorial columnists (报纸专栏作家), screenwriters (剧作家) and technical writers. Many spend the beginnings of their careers (1) their skills as they await a big break. While all writers prefer to write on (2) of personal interests, most professionals are (3) topics by an editor. Writers may work at home or in an office, but (4) their office is, writers generally spend upwards of 40 hours a week hard at work — even if only a fraction (小部分) of that time is spent actually (5) the keys of a word processor. Writers begin by asking questions and researching a subject. The process of “writing” may involve (6) interviews, reading up on a subject at the library, (7)
to a far-off location or even surfing the Internet for (8) . A writer must be open to the possibility that new information will change the original angle of a piece. (9) . Then it may be time for an editor to review the material and suggest changes. (10) . The editing process continues until the editor and the writer judge the material ready for publication. Writers cooperate with the other professionals involved in the media, such as photographers, graphic designers, and advertisers. (11) .
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Keys:
(1)practicing (2)subjects (3)assigned (4)wherever (5)tapping (6)conducting (7)traveling/travelling (8)clues
(9)As he gathers the necessary information, he gradually develops a working outline from which he then works up a draft
(10)A writer may wait and send a completed draft to an editor, while others may prefer to send it in parts
(11)And screenwriters write original pieces or adapt existing books or stories for the stage or screen
Passage 2
The Art of War is the greatest military theoretical (理论的) work in ancient China which also has a (1) amount of influence worldwide. The book deals with both (2) thought and philosophical (哲学的) ideas, which have since been widely (3) in the areas of the military, politics, and economics. Its author, Sun Wu, was a great Chinese strategist during the Spring and Autumn Period and is (4) as Military Sage (贤人). He came to Wu State to (5) the war and was nominated (任命) as a general by the king of Wu State. He (6) 200,000 Chu State soldiers with only 30,000 soldiers. This established his fame in the military field. After (7) on his experiences, he wrote The Art of War, which discusses a (8) of universal military rules and proposes a complete military theoretical system. The book has 13 subjects in 13 chapters. For example, Strategy Chapter talks about the merits of waging (发动) a particular war. (9) . He wrote the five basic elements decisive for war: politics, timeliness (时机), favorable geographical location, commanders and law. The Chapter of Strategy of Attack is about how to attack the enemy. Sun Wu believed battles should be won with the least cost; (10) . He thought the best way to win a war is through political strategy. In the Chapter of Use of Spy, (11) . Keys:
(1)tremendous (2)strategic (3)applied (4)honored/honoured (5)escape (6)defeated (7)reflecting (8)series
(9)It reminds the reader of the strong relationship between war and politics and the economy.
(10)such as capturing an enemy’s castle without a direct fight or conquerring an enemy state without an enduring war.
(11)he said various spies must be used to obtain a wide range of information before a war.
Section II Vocabulary
V. Blank filling (with the correct form)
Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the correct form of the words given in the brackets.
1. After a ______ five-year absence from his tribe in the 1850s, Molalla had returned in silk robes. (mystery)
Key: mysterious
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2. I was invited to attend the meeting as an ______. (observe) Key: observer
3. ______ on these machines, we start knitting from the right and patterns are worked out accordingly. (normal) Key: Normally
4. Teams need to be developed in terms of their ability to ______ and to make use of systematic approaches to problem-solving. (interaction) Key: interact
5. The view from its window across Thrush Green never ceased to ______ Ruth Bassett. (enchantment) Key: enchant
6. An improvisation of this kind does ______ the actors with a situation where they have to be emotionally truthful. (confrontation) Key: confront
7. The object of these letters was to bring Vial’s plan to the notice of the ______ readers of The Gentleman’s Magazine. (influence) Key: influential
8. She was so deeply impressed by his ______ language that she decided to marry him in no time. (poem) Key: poetic
9. The answer to the problem of anxiety and ______ which is derived from the sense of loneliness, is to be found through love. (meaningless) Key: meaninglessness
10. Due to inadequate consideration beforehand, we have been cast into ______. (passive) Key: passivity
11. Certainly it must help them locate a mate and ______ a feeling of social togetherness. (inducement) Key: induce
12. You should always keep in mind that a bright future ______ you. (wait) Key: awaits
13. The ______ is a thrilling one, and I enjoy it immensely. (sense) Key: sensation
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14. A two-run defeat seemed set fair to ______ England, but their batsmen did not do badly in the second game at Sydney. (moralize) Key: demoralize
15. After signing the ______, he was taken to the jail by the police. (confess) Key: confession
16. Government itself was rarely the active initiator in the move to criminalize _______. (immoral)
Key: immorality
17. The ______ of documents helps us a lot to find the right one we need. (classify) Key: classification
18. The aim of the course is to ______our understanding of other cultures. (rich) Key: enrich
19. Many bus companies provide ______ fare tickets especially for tourists. (advantage) Key: advantageous
20. Indeed the scale of decline for such a major party is virtually ______ in any other state in postwar Western Europe. (paralleled) Key: unparalleled
VI. Choosing the right word
Directions: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box. exclude desperately prohibition strive insistently wrath throttle confession withstand foster 1. My mother had wept very little, her tears dried by her ______, but I had cried for her. 2. Some is cut and stored in silos by being packed tightly to _______ air.
3. Five minutes later, the alarm wakes him again, cheeping ______ like a mechanical bird. 4. As the 20th century has shown, this bond was strong enough to ______ even greater demographic changes.
5. She stood undecided in the rain, wanting ______ to find Simon yet not daring to step inside. 6. Environmentalists advocate a total ______ on the dumping of nuclear waste.
7. We were briefly over a thousand feet per minute of the Vertical Speed Indicator before I had
to ______ back to slide into position.
8. In the course of the trial, Lucas made a false ______ which he later denied.
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9. It is this person’s duty to ______ and maintain communication with affiliated member groups and other interested groups.
10. The need to ______ for such aims that can only be thought of as fundamental and humanitarian.
Keys:
1. wrath 2. exclude 3. insistently 4. withstand 5. desperately 6. prohibition 7. throttle 8. confession 9. foster 10. strive irrepressible wade tackle stereotypical enlightenment enrich secretly prodigious gratuitous intensely
1. I know how ______ you have felt the influence of nature — its loveliness, its deep solemnity and its overwhelming power to strike awe.
2. He reached into any dip of information for ______ on the customs of the people of Oceania. 3. You may have to help him at first, but as he progresses, he can ______ more complicated puzzles.
4. She clasped her hands in excitement, every inch of her filled with an ______ happiness. 5. The big talking point is the addition of grated chocolate to darken and ______ the sauce.
6. Flush from his success at national level, he decided to turn his ______ talents to European politics.
7. I’ve got all this correspondence to ______ through before I can go home.
8. The volunteers are not free from their own ______ view of the inner London paid worker.
9. Moran complained about the unnecessary disturbance though it was the cost that he was ______ worried about.
10. Your article included some ______ remarks about lifestyle and income.
Keys:
1. intensely 2. enlightenment 3. tackle 4. irrepressible 5. enrich 6. prodigious 7. wade 8. stereotypical 9. secretly 10. gratuitous
VII. Multiple choices
Directions: Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
1. On my first day at work I was ______ with the task of chairing a meeting. A. met B. tackled C. confronted D. encountered Key: C
2. Death, for us, is the sorry end of the human story, not the ______ prelude to a new one. A. mystery B. mysterious C. mythology D. mythological Key: B
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3. What is truly ______ about the story is the result of the fall, and the divine purpose behind it. A. disconcerting B. embarrassing C. puzzled D. disapproving Key: A
4. There is also a games room with table tennis, pool and video games and ______ some sort of activity or entertainment goes on.
A. normally B. actually C. formerly D. typically Key: A
5. He becomes absorbed with the search for answers, not from an ______ curiosity, but out of a deeply felt need to find out why people live. A. ideal B. absolute C. isolated D. idle Key: D
6. The measures we have taken to ______ the crisis are starting to work. A. deal B. challenge C. tackle D. oppose Key: C
7. The packing must be strong enough to ______ rough handling. A. withstand B. resist C. repel D. ensure Key: A
8. Up the garden path, there is no house, but a ______ of a majestic lake. A. vision B. prospect C. image D. vista Key: D
9. Venice ______ each visitor as soon as their arriving.
A. attracted B. enchanted C. charmed D. captivated Key: B
10. The Sherman Act was amended in 1982 to ______ trade or commerce with foreign nations. A. expel B. remove C. exclude D. eliminate Key: C
11. He was off to have a good time in where Lydia used to live, and this would ______ envy in her.
A. deduce B. reduce C. introduce D. induce Key: D
12. He was held overnight in police cells but freed without bail yesterday to ______ trial. A. await B. expect C. wait D. look forward to Key: A
13. It is this environment of faith in the home that Western society needs so ______ to recover.
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A. desirably B. desperately C. admirably D. definitely Key: B
14. When Jane awoke from the car accident, she had lost all ______ in her legs.
A. sense B. emotion C. sensation D. feeling Key: C
15. They can recognize also that the joints of a tie must ______ tearing, whereas those of a strut must resist buckling.
A. withstand B. tolerate C. stand D. hold Key: A
16. As in Germany, the intention in 1945 had been to deprive Japan of the economic resources to
______ a war in the foreseeable future.
A. combat B. wage C. mobilize D. wager Key: B
17. They tried to put _______ in the way of our negotiation.
A. defeats B. restrictions C. entanglements D. obstacles Key: D
18. Such a move would undermine standards in schools and ______ teachers. A. defeat B. distrust C. dissolve D. demoralize Key: D
19. It was some time after making his first ______ that he bumped into the pupil in Addison’s Walk.
A. confirmation B. frankness C. confession D. assurance Key: C
20. Our special price will ______ your appetite for the dry season’s gardening essentials. A. wet B. stimulate C. increase D. whet Key: D
21. These government restrictions are going to ______ our trade.
A. throttle B. control C. suppress D. contain Key: A
22. The world was divided into the ______ rich and the labouring poor.
A. idle B. redundant C. scattered D. unused Key: A
23. The Prince of Wales is an ______ font of great ideas, a classic entrepreneur.
A. irrepressible B. uncontrollable C. unsurpassed D. unrepressed Key: A
24. Student demonstrations developed an ugly edge of _____ violence.
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A. unreasonable B. gratuitous C. groundless D. unbiased Key: B
25. Accepting that the rhythms of children in a structured environment appear to develop more
quickly, is this ______ to the child?
A. advanced B. advantageous C. advisable D. additional Key: B
26. He had acted ______ in coming here, but now he was here and yet he found he could do nothing to help.
A. rudely B. improperly C. rashly D. impolitely
Key: C
27. Without seeing her for three months, it can be seen how ______ he longs to reach her on the telephone.
A. insistently B. constantly C. faithfully D. earnestly Key: D
28. They may often have to ______ social evenings and holidays because of their busy work. A. forgive B. forgo C. abandon D. forfeit
Key: B
29. She had no workshop, nobody to help her and no business ______. A. capability B. smartness C. intelligence D. acumen
Key: D
30. Although Schubert died when he was only 32, he composed a ______ amount of music. A. prodigious B. gigantic C. tantamount D. titanic Key: A
31. Overall it was a good tour and several players grew both in _____ and confidence. A. stature B. position C. status D. height Key: A
32. Our history — national and imperial — provides a wonderful ______ of film drama. A. storehouse B. database C. storage D. warehouse Key: A
33. He was probably one of a number of bishops whom Guntram intended to ______. A. dispel B. deport C. exile D. exclude Key: C
34. Even if he cared, he probably wouldn’t believe her anyway, she thought _____. A. smartly B. decisively C. bitterly D. diligently Key: C
35. These are men whose masculinity does not conform to ______ images of the unfeeling male. A. typical B. stereotypical C. statistical D. obvious Key: B
36. Robots are used in ______, monotonous tasks in which human performance might degrade
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over time.
A. varied B. repetitive C. boring D. bored Key: B
37. You will be tested on the material by the hackers who will _____ attempt to penetrate your site.
A. doubtfully B. uncomely C. undesirably D. indubitably Key: D
38. Diligence means work ______, but it doesn’t mean work day and night. A. consistently B. insistently C. persistently D. constantly Key: B
39. We hope this meeting will help ______ friendly relations between our two countries. A. foster B. encourage C. induce D. formulate Key: A
40. I believe that we should all ______ investors who understand exactly what we are doing and why we are doing it.
A. search out B. find out C. seek out D. look out Key: C
Section III Structure
VIII. Complete the sentences
Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.
1. ______________ (通常), calendars will have a lower mark-up than posters, card or other paper products.
Key: For the most part
2. I love shoes and have boxes of worn-out pairs ______________________ (我不忍丢弃). Key: I can’t bear to part with
3. Elsa _____________________________ (把玩着咖啡杯) while she was talking to her ex-boyfriend.
Key: toyed with her coffee cup
4. For the second time in her life, she says, he had appeared out of the blue __________________ (可以说是). Key: as it were
5. At 14 he ran away, deciding to __________________________ (寻求当地人的帮助). Key: seek out help from local people
6. And, ________________ (为激发你的兴趣), there are many delightful colour photographs in this book.
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Key: to whet your appetite
7. __________________________ (她活跃的天性) was reflected in her early stage names. Key: Her irrepressible nature
8. Your article included some ______________________________ (关于生活方式和收入的毫无根据的评论).
Key: gratuitous remarks about lifestyle and income
9. People in Donegal ____________________ (认真地听牧师布道), but did not seem to be taking in the words.
Key: listened earnestly to the priest
10. This doctor obviously had ______________________ (比当地人聪明得多).
Key: much more acumen than the locals
11. It is reasonable to assume ________________________ (仓库就是我们当地的教堂). Key: that the storehouse is our local church
12. I no longer felt strong or calm, and ___________________________ (我心酸地哭了). Key: I began to cry bitterly
13. While I was doing my research, I __________________________ (偶然发现一些有趣的新数据).
Key: stumbled upon some fascinating new data
14. ______________________________ (他们的共同点是) is that they combine fun with the opportunity to learn something. Key: What they all have in common
15. He’s a mechanic, but he makes a little money _________________________ (业余时间兼职修车).
Key: on the side by repairing cars in his free time
IX. Multiple choices
Directions: Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. 1. The next big issue ______ the workers is the question of low wages. A. confronts B. confronting C. to confront D. confronted Key: B
2. They are left gazing upon a vista of ruined businesses, ______ borrowings and inadequate public services.
A. crippling B. cripples C. cripple D. to cripple Key: A
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3. I take the trouble ______ my schedule, but he does not even want to go another round. A. rearrange B. rearranging C. to rearrange D. and will rearrange Key: C
4. Valuable experiences ______ from project to design construction and monitoring are presented through the engineering case study.
A. that range B. ranged C. ranging D. which will range Key: C
5. Another moment of tension descends while students ______ the domestic flight that will take them to their temporary home in America.
A. are awaiting B. awaited C. will await D. await Key: D
6. The chemical constituents and traditional uses of 20 species ______ to the genus are reviewed and compared.
A. attributed B. attributing C. attribute D. will attribute Key: A
7. Books lying idle in the library are ______ wasted ammunition. A. a B. \\ C. the D. an Key: B
8. Indeed, ______ are the expectations of Mr Obama that one of his biggest challenges will be to manage them so that he does not disappoint too much. A. such B. much C. so D. that Key: A
9. I very much doubt if it ______ the first edition of his novel. A. be B. is C. will be D. must be Key: A
10. In many ways, children live, ______, in a different world from adults.
A. as they were B. as it is C. as they are D. as it were Key: D
11. ______ in Shanghai in the 18th century, the movie describes the ups and downs of a broken family.
A. Being set B. Sets C. Set D. To be set Key: C
12. ______ people of different backgrounds may enable him to be familiar with the idea of
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multiculturalism and equality.
A. To be interacted with B. To interact with C. Interact with D. To interacting with Key: B
13. Ask yourself carefully whether it ______ the right time to take the initiative. A. will be B. is C. might be D. be Key: D
14. Throw used tissues away into a trash can ______ with a disposable plastic bag. A. lined B. lining C. line D. to be lined Key: A
15. ______ if the area would put bird flu under complete control within one month’s time, the spokeswoman gave a guarded reply.
A. When asked B. When was asked C. When being to asking D. When asking Key: A
X. Blank filling (with the appropriate preposition or adverb)
Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with an appropriate preposition or adverb. Fill in each blank with only ONE word. Fill in the blanks with proper
prepositions and adverbs.
1. Apart from the orthodox account, all the theories examined so far have something _____ common. Key: in
2. Human beings, in contrast, interact _____ one another not only because of gravity but because of dependence, love, envy, hate, etc. Key: with
3. It’s to participate and support anything that encourages charities to strive _____ the highest standards. Key: for
4. Searches and edits can then be carried out on these components so avoiding the need to wade _____ huge fields of unstructured text. Key: through
5. _____ the most part, the damage is done by soluble aluminum released from soil by acid water. Key: For
6. He looks ______ the challenge as an obstacle in his life. Key: upon
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7. At that time all that is left to do is swing with the punches and part _____ as little bad feeling as possible. Key: with
8. As the courses came and went, she could only toy _____ her food. Key: with
9. You might even stumble ______ a theorem or two in your researches. Key: upon
10. The two sauces ______ the side were apple and sour cream with chives. Key: on
11. He was prepared to vindicate the bombing of South Arabian villages by the RAF as necessary ______ the pacification of the country. Key: for
12. The charter is up for review at any event, very shortly, because it was on a six-month trial ______ it were. Key: as
13. When the police confronted her ______ the evidence, she admitted everything. Key: with
14. Girls come up ______ an obstacle or two, maybe on tour, and they tend to give way instead of trying to overcome them. Key: against
15. Mark Clayton’s cooking has grown ______ stature with his job responsibility. Key: in
16. She is a recent convert _____ the idea of an European defence policy. Key: to
17. He wants to contribute his share towards the pacification ______ the world. Key: of
18. Attached are old photos showing the villagers performing smoke sacrifice ______ the local mountain god. Key: to
19. Finally the enlightenment _____ relation between brain maturation and child behavioural development is discussed. Key: of
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20. After all, the landmark Indo-US nuclear deal is immensely advantageous ______ India. Key: for
Section IV Fast reading
XI. Fast reading (True or False Questions + Blank Filling)
Directions: Read the following passages and then answer the questions. For questions 1-7, choose Y (YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage, choose N (NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage, choose NG (NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Passage 1
There are no mistakes, only lessons
Human growth is a process of experimentation, trial, and error, ultimately leading to wisdom. Each time you choose to trust yourself and take action, you can never quite be certain how the situation will turn out. Sometimes you are victorious, and sometimes you become disillusioned. The failed experiments, however, are no less valuable than the experiments that ultimately prove successful; in fact, you usually learn more from your perceived “failure” than you do from your perceived “success”.
To ease this process of learning, you must first master the basic lessons of compassion and forgiveness. Without these essential lessons, you remain trapped in your limited view and unable to turn mistakes into valuable learning opportunities. Compassion
Compassion is the act of opening your heart. To live in a state of compassion means you approach the world with your emotional barriers lowered. Compassion is the emotional glue connecting you to your essence and to the essence of those around you.
You have the ability to choose whether or not you will learn the lessons you are presented with, so you will then need to use your discretion to choose whether to invite in compassion or remain closed. If you choose compassion, you can try on what it would feel like to be that person you are judging and imagine putting yourself in his reality. This will connect you to his essence and evaporate the judgment encrusted around your heart.
Compassion is also required at those times when you are harshly judging yourself. If you have made what you perceive to be a mistake, or failed to live up to your own expectations, you will most likely put up a barrier between your essence and part of you that is the alleged wrongdoer. Compassion will then open the door to the possibility of forgiveness and will allow you to release those judgments that are holding you in self-contempt. Forgiveness
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Forgiveness is the act of erasing an emotional debt. As you move from compassion to forgiveness, your heart is already open, and you engage in a conscious and deliberate release of resentment. Perceiving past actions as mistakes implies guilt and blame, and it is not possible to learn anything meaningful while you are engaged in blaming.
There are four kinds of forgiveness. The first is beginner forgiveness for yourself. The second kind of forgiveness is beginner for another.
The third kind of forgiveness is advanced forgiveness of yourself. This is for serious transgressions (违反), the ones you carry with deep shame. When you do something that violates your own values and ethnics, you create a gap between your standards and your actual behaviour. In such a case, you need to work very hard at forgiving yourself for these deeds so that you can close this chasm (鸿沟) and realign with the best part of yourself. This does not mean that you should rush to forgive yourself or not feel regret or remorse, but wallowing in these feelings for a protracted period of time is not healthy, and punishing yourself excessively will only create a bigger gap between you and your ethnics.
The last and perhaps most difficult one is the advanced forgiveness of another. At some time of your life, you may have been severely wronged or hurt by another person to such a degree that forgiveness seems impossible. However, harbouring resentment and revenge fantasies only keep you trapped in victim-hood. Under such a circumstance, you should force yourself to see the bigger picture. By doing so, you will be able to shift the focus away form the anger and resentment. It is only through forgiveness that you can erase wrongdoing and clean the memory. When you finally release the situation, you come to see it as a necessary part of your growth. It may come as relief to finally understand that you never actually master life and that striving to do so will only lead to frustration. The best you can do is to strive to master the process by which you experience it. Life is a year-round school from which you never actually graduate, so it is the learning process itself that brings true value to existence. The challenge here is to embrace your role as a perpetual student of life. In order to embrace your role as a perpetual student, you need to learn the lessons of surrender and flexibility. Without these important lessons, you will never be able to open your mind, heart, and spirit wide enough to allow yourself to take in all that life has to teach you. Surrender
Surrender is the transcendence of ego and release of control. When you surrender to your lessons that arise, you allow yourself to flow with the rhythm of life, rather than struggle against it. The peaks and valleys that mark your personal path become easier to go through when you surrender to them.
The key to coming to peace with your role as a perpetual student lies in surrendering to what is, rather than trying to create what you imagine should be. If resistance has been a theme throughout your life, then surrender will appear in your curriculum. If you are one of those people who
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always have to do things on your own way or who possess a strong, willful ego, then surrender will seem like defeat to you. But surrender only signifies defeat in war. In life it signifies transcendence. This is not to say that you should remain passive and just let life happen to you. Rather, you need to learn to surrender to those circumstances over which you never really had any control anyway. If you surrender to the fact, you will be amazed how much easier life gets when you stop resisting and controlling it, and ride the waves towards the fulfillment of your destiny. Flexibility
Flexibility is defined as being adaptable to changes. In the course of your lifetime, it is essential that you learn to bend and flex around every new circumstance, as rigidity deprives you of the opportunities to see new possibilities. Paradigms change over time, and so must you. Your company may restructure, and you will have to survive. Your spouse may choose to leave the marriage, and you will have to cope. Technology will continue to advance and change, and you must constantly learn and adapt or risk becoming a dinosaur. Flexibility allows you to be ready for whatever curve lies ahead in life instead of getting blindsided by it.
Learn to be flexible; it makes the curves in your life path much easier to deal with. 1. One can learn more from their success than their failure. 2. In order to shift from one’s mistakes to valuable learning opportunities, one should learn the lessons of compassion and forgiveness.
3. Compassion means that you should pay more attention to the people who are lower in position than you.
4. If one masters forgiveness, they will forget their resentment or anger. 5. The most difficult forgiveness is to forgive those who have seriously wronged or hurt you.
6. One might always be a student in his life because life has much to teach. 7. Surrender for one’s goal is the best way to become a perpetual student.
8. Because of the rapidly developing society, one must constantly learn and adapt or _______. 9. In order not to panic over whatever curve lies ahead in life, one must learn to be _______. 10. Being a perpetual student in one’s life, they must learn the lessons of _______. Key:
1. N 2. Y 3. NG 4. N 5. Y 6. Y 7. N 8. risk becoming a dinosaur 9. flexible 10. surrender and flexibility
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Passage 2
Why people should study history
In 1998, I received a scholarship to study for an undergraduate degree at Yale University. During my four years at Yale, I explored a broad array of subjects: economics, German language and literature, mathematics, English literature, etc, but the subject I was most committed to intellectually was history. When I told other Chinese that I was studying history at Yale, many talked as if I were a slacker evading science and engineering programmes, or a loser who couldn’t make it in computer science or electrical engineering; others wondered why I had chosen such an impractical subject.
Both responses reflect the deeply ingrained prejudice of many Chinese against the humanities, and are grossly erroneous. Studying history at a great American university is neither easy nor impractical. In some sense, I learned my most important lessons through struggling with the difficulties of studying history.
Most history classes at Yale require attending two or three lectures a week, a weekly discussion section, relentless reading assignments of 200 or more pages a week, a midterm and final exam, and two papers. At the beginning, just taking notes on lectures and finishing the reading on time were daunting challenges; writing papers was a nightmare. My trouble with papers generally started the moment they were assigned. The topics were indeterminate, e.g. “write about any topic of your choice in ancient Greek history”, “write a book review for a book of your choice” from a reading list of 50 books on medieval history or “compare and contrast selected passages from Karl Marx’s Das Kapital and Alexis de Tocqueville’s Democracy in America”. The expected end result is a paper making a coherent argument that draws its supporting evidence or ideas from several books or journal articles. The subtext to such assignments is: Whatever you say in the paper has to reflect your own thinking hence simply repeating the professor’s opinions or whatever is in the readings will not get you very far. In the first week of my Yale career it was hammered home to us that plagiarism was the capital crime in the academic world. Each year there are students who are punished for plagiarizing.
Looking at a paper assignment, my mind often went blank. Any topics in ancient Greek History? But which one, and where to start? Even after I was able to narrow the topic down to, say, the career of Pericles, there were still thousands of books and articles written on it. I spent so many nights pacing back and forth in the library, trying to define a topic and choose my arguments. And I was hardly the only person with this problem: Yale students complain about papers as much as Londoners complain about the weather. Pulling all nights to finish a paper is part of the shared memory of those “bright college years”.
I gradually realized the value of such seemingly unguided education. Allowing students great scope in choosing their own paper topics reflects the Western belief in individual initiative. Students are encouraged to make their own choices and go wherever their interests lead them. On a different level, in the process of groping for a topic, then screening the available material, and finally using it to make an intelligent argument, students learn the important lesson of rapidly processing and critically utilizing a large amount of information. This is an important skill not
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only in historical research, but in many careers outside the academic world, where information comes in the form of a tangled mess, not neat textbook passages to be spoon-fed to passive “learners”.
I find the language skills acquired from history classes highly relevant in the real world. Because of the broad spectrum of subjects that history encompasses — political events, social changes, intellectual and artistic movements, etc — the students of history have to command a wide vocabulary to describe and analyze these different subjects. Intensive reading, writing, and discussion forced me to absorb and master new vocabulary and rhetorical tactics at a rapid pace. And happily, many historians are excellent stylists. Their precise and supple use of English makes their books models of English expository prose at its best.
Writing well is a fine skill, but is it important? Yes, very! Many companies that came to recruit at Yale, including most of the well-known Wall Street finance and consulting firms, made no secret of their preference for candidates with solid writing skills. Each year these firms hire a large number of new graduates with majors such as history, English, and political science, but no formal finance or business education. Curiously, the undergraduate economics or finance curriculum at elite private universities such as Yale, Harvard and Princeton has a strong theoretical bent and is not immediately applicable to a career in a private firm. Indeed, most elite universities don’t even have an undergraduate business programme. In the US one of the most influential and lucrative professions is law, a field in which writing skills are indispensable. Not surprisingly, law school is one of the most popular destinations for Yale grads majoring in history.
The ability to use words well is highly valued and respected in Western culture. The two most “popular” figures on the Yale campus are probably Richard Brodhead, dean of Yale College, and sinologist Jonathan Spence. Both cast their spell on the Yale community through the excellence of their writing and public speaking. From my experience, Chinese students with an excellent command of English receive a lot of respect and attention from Americans.
If the question “Why study history?” had been put to the 204 history majors in my class, chances are that they would have replied, “Because it’s fun.” And it is! The study of history is enjoyable on several levels. The lectures are often the highlight of a history course. Boasting one of the finest history departments in the US, Yale has many history professors of superstar status. Jonathan Spence’s lectures are known for his insightful anecdotes from Chinese history. In the famous course on ancient Greek history taught by Donald Kagan, students would applaud at the end of each lecture to acknowledge Kagan’s impassioned eloquence.
Reading is another great source of enjoyment that I cannot help mentioning. In a typical history course, the professor lectures on historical developments in broad terms, while the reading for a particular week, usually a book on a specific subject, supplements the professor’s presentation with vivid details and a more thorough analysis of something touches on in the lectures. Reading is really the blood and flesh of the course.
No essay or book fully explains why people study history. The answer given by Donald Kagan, Yale’s celebrated professor of ancient Greek history, captures the essence of the problem: “You
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only know why people should study history after you have studied history.”
1. Many Chinese are surprised at the writer’s choosing history as his major only because Yale is not famous for its history subject.
2. In Yale one may not get high marks if they just repeats the professor’s opinions.
3. Each year there are students in Yale plagiarizing only because they can’t bear the daunting challenges imposed by the history professors.
4. By taking history as one’s major, students may have a good command of some skills that are important not only in historical research, but in many careers outside the academic world.
5. Thanks to their solid writing skills, a lot of graduates majoring in history have a good chance to be hired by well-known finance and consulting firms.
6. To the writer’s understanding, his classmates love history because they are more likely to be hired by famous firms than students from other majors.
7. Professor Donald Kagan’s remark indicated that the significance of studying history can be understood only when one has immersed himself in it.
8. The ability to use words well is highly valued and respected in ______.
9. Jonathan Spence’s lectures are known for his insightful anecdotes from ______.
10. In Donald Kagan’s course, students would applaud at the end of each lecture to ______. Key:
1. N 2. Y 3. NG 4. Y 5. Y 6. N 7. Y 8. Western culture 9. Chinese history 10. acknowledge his impassioned eloquence
Section V Reading comprehension XII. Multiple choices
Directions: Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D.
Passage 1
I can remember the first time I got lost in a book. I was in the first grade, sitting in the library with the rest of my class, and the teacher was calling my name as the class was over. I never heard her. I was so enthralled with reading that the rest of the class was out the door and the teacher had to come over to me and tap me on the shoulder. That is the power of reading. From that moment on, I knew I had found something special. I thought that reading was the ticket to go to places, experience things, and immerse myself so completely all with the power of a good book. I have never found a valid replacement for reading.
Movies have their place, and there is nothing like a good movie. But realize that it is someone else’s view. Not yours. You don’t really have the power to daydream with a movie. It happens too fast on someone else’s timetable. All those images speed by and your brain tries to make sense of the images. With reading, you can stop and ponder. You can go back and reread a passage. You can build your own fantasy out of the raw material in the book. There is no substitute for reading. I take books with me when I know I will be waiting a fair amount of time. For instance, when I go to the doctor’s office. The waits are usually long, and I like to fill the time with a good book. I
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don’t even notice the wait, and sometimes don’t even like to get interrupted! Yes, books take the boring parts out of life. How about a plane trip? When you can immerse yourself in a book, then nod off, and wake up in a different city is a real pleasure. I honestly don't know what I'd do without reading.
Has reading become a lost art? I went to the library the other day and saw what kids were checking out. The ratio leaned more towards videos than books. Something like 80 per cent. I got quite depressed. These kids need to read more, not watch more. Are we going to lose a generation of creativity? By looking at the checkout line I can see it happening. This is the parents’ fault, not the kids’. Parents need to enforce the importance of reading, not watching movies. The ratio needs to reverse itself. 1. A. B. C. D. D 2. A. B. C. D. C 3. A. B. C. D. C 4. A. B. C. D. B 5. A. B. C. D. B
The word “enthralled” in Paragraph 1 means __________. frightened tired sleepy attracted
Which of the following statements about watching movies is true according to the writer? Watching movies won’t be replaced by other recreations. One can express his own idea when watching movies. Watching movies is less interesting than reading. It’s impolite to nod off when watching a movie.
What makes reading different from watching movies is that in reading __________. one can take a nap if necessary one can read whenever he wants
one is given enough time and space to reflect one will not be disturbed by others
The writer usually takes books with him when going to the doctor’s office because __________.
reading may distract him from the disease reading will make the waiting hour less boring it frees him from being disturbed by doctors
he wants to share his favourite book with his doctor
The author thinks reading has become a losing art because __________. children are not encouraged to read by teachers books are less appealing to children than videos there are less and less worthy books
there are not enough books available in libraries
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Passage 2
Speed reading is a useful skill which can be attained with regular practice. Today’s student of speed reading is bombarded with many different books, websites, programmes, and courses on speed reading. One essential part of his study, however, will not be found in the majority of these sources — the development of a strong short-term memory.
By strengthening his memory, a reader can increase both his speed and his level of comprehension. Even when a slow reader reads a text, images of the words are automatically stored in his brain. How strongly they are imprinted and how quickly they can be recalled is a matter of training. Whole blocks of words can be retained during the reading process.
Memory is vital for quick comprehension of reading material. As the reader’s eyes move forward to read new blocks of words, a sharp memory is critical since the mind’s “decoding” processes rely on mental images. By retaining words, the memory frees the mind to continue reading while working on words that have already been “read.” A strong memory enables accurate assimilation (吸收) and cross-referencing of information in the brain-mental processes that are key to comprehension.
If a reader could enhance his memory while reducing his eye fixation time and acquiring other good reading habits, his speed would increase dramatically. That much is clear. But can memory be developed? And if so, how?
It is first of all necessary to understand the type of memory involved in speed reading —short-term memory, capturing “images” not only of words but also of full blocks of text. Memory in general can be developed significantly through “brain games.” To the speed reader, however, most mnemonic (帮助记忆的) devices and long-term memory techniques are useless. His focus must be on exercises that serve to increase his attention span and his capacity for mental concentration.
The oldest and simplest such exercise is accomplished simply by choosing reading material more difficult than what one is accustomed to. This challenges the memory to retain larger “morsels” of information for longer periods of time.
Other than that, timed exercises, the use of either words or pictures are also useful. In these, the individual tests himself to see how much he can recall of a “data sheet” after a study period of a given number of seconds. It is important to keep a log noting the number of memorized items and the times so that the progress can be recorded.
As long as you have a strong memory and stronger reading skills, you will be an expert speed reader.
1. What can be learned from the first paragraph?
A. Excellent short-term memory plays a fundamental part in speed reading.
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B. Students have too many speed reading exercises to do.
C. The books, websites, programmes and courses on speed reading are useless.
D. With just a good short-term memory, one will be able to do speed reading very well. A
2. What is true about slow readers according to the second paragraph? A. They cannot remember images of words at all.
B. They find it hard to concentrate on what they’re reading. C. The words are not stored strongly enough in their brain. D. They have a very limited vocabulary. C
3. When does the brain of a reader process the words that have been read? A. After finishing reading the whole passage. B. When the reading passage is very simple. C. When he/she pauses in reading.
D. While he/she is reading new blocks of words. D
4. If one intends to improve his reading speed, he should be trained to __________. A. enlarge his vocabulary
B. lengthen the time he could concentrate C. strengthen his long-term memory
D. acquire all kinds of mnemonic techniques B
5. What kind of reading material can be used in the training to improve short-term memory? A. The material whose topic is familiar to the trainee. B. The material that has few new words.
C. The material that is more difficult than those one usually reads. D. The material that the trainee has read before. C
Passage 3
The importance of reading to children is obvious to every parent. Reading to children is one of the best ways to put them on the road to success — academically and personally.
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) “strongly recommends reading to children every day, starting after they are first born,” because “reading stimulates the development of the brain, language and a closer emotional relationship with a child.”
You can start reading to children right from the moment they are born. Infants love to hear the voices of their parents. It doesn’t matter what you read — just the togetherness of your baby and you, with your reading from Where the Wild Things Are, the sports section, or a cookbook — is what counts.
As your child gets older and can understand the stories you read, take time to ask questions, eg What do you think will happen next? Do you know what that word means? Which character is
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your favourite? You can have them retell the story or make up a new one with the same characters.
Reading to children is so crucial that parents should find time to do it every day. You will be surprised at how creative you can be at finding time to read aloud to your child. Read while waiting to see the pediatrician, having a treat at a restaurant, waiting in line at the store, or cooking dinner. Instead of watching the news, turn off the TV and read aloud. You can read aloud in the morning before school and, of course, at bedtime. Read a story aloud while waiting for the bus or train or once aboard. Make tapes of yourself or another family member reading stories and play them in the car on the way to school or daycare.
Parents aren’t alone in understanding the importance of reading to children. Good teachers read aloud in the classroom. Talk to your child’s teacher to get suggestions for books to read aloud and observe the class to get tips on reading aloud. Make sure that family caregivers, like daycare providers and babysitters, also understand the importance of reading to children.
Older siblings, relatives, and friends may also enjoy reading aloud. When your child is ready, encourage her to read aloud to you and the rest of the family. This will pave the way for a love of reading. 1. A. B. C. D. A 2. A. B. C. D. D 3. A. B. C. D. C 4. A. B. C. D. B
Parents should start reading aloud to their children __________. as soon as the children are born when the children can speak
when the children ask their parents to do so when the children show interest in reading
It can be concluded from the third paragraph that __________. infants should read extensively even at the early age parents should try their best to make their voices sweet parents must carefully choose the stories read to children
what infants really enjoy in reading is to stay with their parents
When children can understand what is read to them, parents should __________. leave them alone to read the stories
read to them the stories that are barely understandable ask them some questions related to the stories
leave children to choose the books appealing to them
By saying that “… how creative you can be at finding time to read aloud to your child”, the writer means __________.
parents should read to their children whenever there is a chance the time to read aloud to children is flexible
parents will gradually be able to make up stories themselves parents will become more and more skillful in telling stories
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5. The tone of this passage is __________. A. optimistic B. instructive C. arbitrary
D. argumentative B
Passage 4
What are the most important components to you of a good book? Characters? Pace? Plot? Setting? Believability? None of the above? All of the above?
An excellent question and one that I consider often when I’m assessing what I’ve read. Obviously there are many factors that go into making a book a good read, but I think we can focus on a few of them as being the most important.
The book has to have at least an adequate level of writing — but you can usually assume that, if the book was published by a reputable publisher. (Occasionally you’ll come across something that’s abysmally written, but most books are at least competent.)
So beyond that, character is the first thing for me. The book has to have a compelling protagonist, someone who makes you care about them and their life, for good or ill. Everything hangs on the characters because if you don’t care about the people in the story, you won’t want to read it. (It doesn’t matter whether you love them or hate them — you just have to care.)
Plot is probably the second thing — and that depends a lot on character, too. You take a character, place them in a certain set of circumstances, and see what they do. That’s how plot develops, especially when there is conflict involved (and there had better be conflict involved). Character and plot together form the basis for a story, so if you can nail those two elements, I’m pretty much sold.
Setting obviously plays a part, but I think it’s of lesser importance. When you read a book that uses its setting especially well, it’s interesting and adds to the story. But when the setting isn’t done quite as well, it generally won’t ruin it. There’s a lot more leeway here than with character. If plot and character are the meat of the book, setting is the seasoning. You have to really mess up the seasoning in order to make the food inedible.
The same thing goes for elements like pacing, dialogue, etc. They all contribute to the overall quality of the book, but they’re secondary. If a book has dialogue that’s a little off, or parts that drag, it can still be a good read as long as the story itself is compelling. On the other hand, nobody wants to read even a superb dialogue coming out of the mouths of poorly-drawn, one-dimensional characters.
1. According to the context, the word “abysmally” in Paragraph 3 means __________. A. wonderfully
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B. C. D. B 2. A. B. C. D. A 3. A. B. C. D. D 4. A. B. C. D. A 5. A. B. C. D. C
badly
unbelievably interestingly
According to the writer, good characters are those __________. who make readers care about them who are very humorous
who arouse hatred in readers’ mind who can get sympathy from readers
What is true about setting according to the passage? A well-done setting is indispensable to a good story. Setting plays an equally important role as characters. A bad setting will make a story unreadable.
A well-made setting enables a story to be more readable. It can be learned from the last paragraph that __________. characters play the most important part in a story all the elements of a story are interrelated excellent dialogues appeal to readers most
the weakness in any element will make a story a failure Which of the following is a suitable title of the passage? How to Market a New Book How to Read a Good Book What Makes a Good Read What Makes a Good Writer
Section VI Cloze XIII. Cloze
Directions: Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given for each blank.
Passage 1
Sometimes when we visit a house we have not been in before, we have the feeling that somehow the place has no heart or soul, __1__ its occupants may be kind people with well-furnished rooms. Then we suddenly realize that what is missing is — books… Books not only give colour to a home, they are its heart and soul, for in the pages of books are __2__ the feelings, the aspirations, the knowledge, and the wisdom of men and women throughout the ages, always “on call” at the very moment we are in need of advice or comfort or __3__, if we have a good stock of well-chosen books in the house. It doesn’t do to say, “Oh, if I want a book I can get it from the library round the corner”; “round the corner” isn’t good enough when you need that book here and
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now. Milton was not __4__ when he wrote: “A good book is the precious life-blood of a master spirit, embalmed and treasured __5__ on purpose to a life beyond life.” The following is a brief parable of a household which possessed all present-day conveniences and amenities — “tele”, “fridge”, washing machine, car — but had no room for books.
When I saw the “Small Ad” announcing, “Book case with drawer (抽屉), five shillings,” I at once smelled woodworm. At so small a cost, however, the risk was __6__ taking.
When I rang the bell I heard a woman’s cry. “Dad! Door!” and a few seconds later I was facing a __7__ little man.
“Is the book case sold yet?” I asked.
He looked at me as though I were a space-man. Then, having decided that I __8__ did want a book case, he replied: “Want to have a dekko? It’s outside.”
I followed him, padding along a thick carpet. An open door on the right showed a middle-aged woman brooding __9__ the “tele”. He led me through a kitchen __10__ “fridge”, washing machine, and other ideal home gadgets. We halted before a brick-built air-raid shelter; inside, behind a barricade of bicycles, I could see the case. “Got it with the house,” he apologized.
He levered it out for me. At some period of its history, it had been a bureau, but the flap-lid had been __11__, leaving a deep shelf above the “drawer”, beneath which were two strong shelves. It was exactly what I wanted.
Like an __12__woodpecker, I tapped it. No pepery (呛人的) dust sifted down, nor did I see any castor-like perforations (孔眼).
“Just needs a nice coat of paint,” he cajoled. The walnut was absolutely __13__. “The drawer comes out,” he said, demonstrating.
“It is five shillings?” I asked. I knew that even as firewood it was worth much more.
“That’s right,” he agreed. Then, accepting my two half-crowns, he said, __14__ I could tell him that I would get the book case collected later, “I’ll drop round with it in the car tonight if you’ll give me the address.”
Then, as an after-thought, he added: “You’re fond of reading?” And picking up from the ground a dusty __15__ of women’s magazines, he thrust them into my unwelcoming arms. 1. A. even B. even though C. as if D. as though 2. A. maintained B. deserved C. conserved D. preserved
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3. A. expectation B. aspiration C. inspiration D. description 4. A. underestimating B. joking C. exciting D. exaggerating 5. A. over B. up C. with D. out
6. A. worthy of B. worthy C. worth D. worthwhile 7. A. harassed B. harassing C. embarrassed D. embarrassing 8. A. hardly B. virtually C. literarily D. actually 9. A. on B. over C. around D. about
10. A. equipped with B. equipping with C. equipped by D. equipping by 11. A. relocated B. destroyed C. damaged D. removed 12. A. exciting B. enthusiastic C. indifferent D. different 13. A. same B. safe C. solid D. sound 14. A. after B. before C. when D. while 15. A. group B. clip C. bundle D. cluster
KEY: 1B 2D 3C 4D 5A 6C 7A 8D 9B 10A 11D 12C 13D 14B 15C Passage 2
With tablet and e-reader sales continuing to mount, the country’s largest publishers are facing a conundrum: How much will consumers pay for digital texts __1__ with videos, author interviews, and in some __2__ archival material?
At a time __3__ physical book sales are in decline, the answers may go some way towards determining how __4__ publishers will be in the future. __5__ the last two years, many houses have reduced their overhead and laid off employees. Some of that was __6__ the poor economy. But it also reflects the increasing gains being made by digital books, which are often less profitable for many __7__ publishers.
The question is __8__ enhanced books, which are typically priced higher than standard digital __9__ because of significant development costs, will provide a much-needed revenue __10__. The standard e-book version of Ms Leavy’s biography was __11__ priced at $14.99 but is now priced at $12.99.
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“We sold more than 4 million physical books with CDs, so we know that there is an interest in meshing text __12__ audio and video,” said Dominique Raccah, publisher and owner of Sourcebooks Inc, an independent publisher __13__ in Naperville, Ill., that has produced about a dozen enhanced titles. “Pricing depends on the product. I can imagine a product __14__ you multiply by 100 per cent because it has so much more __15__ than the non-enhanced editions.”
1. A. created B. increased C. promoted D. enhanced 2. A. cases B. occasions C. aspects D. conditions 3. A. which B. that C. when D. /
4. A. doomed B. acknowledgeable C. beneficial D. profitable 5. A. On B. Over C. About D. Around 6. A. since B. because C. due to D. because of 7. A. major B. minor C. dominant D. considerable 8. A. how B. why C. whether D. if 9. A. earnings B. fare C. fee D. tuition 10. A. access B. resource C. force D. source 11. A. firstly B. initially C. originally D. primarily 12. A. over B. off C. with D. on
13. A. based B. basing C. found D. founding 14. A. which B. what C. when D. where 15. A. virtue B. value C. orientation D. profit
KEY:1D 2A 3C 4D 5B 6C 7A 8C 9B 10D 11B 12C 13A 14D 15B
XIV. Banked Cloze
Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the Word Bank. You may not use any of the words more than once.
Videoconferencing is nothing more than a television set or PC monitor with a camera. Through the videoconferencing, not only your voice but also your face, the surroundings and any other graphic
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and physical (1)______ can be captured and transmitted through the communication system with or without wires. Of course, when you go into the details, the technology involved is very (2)_____ and the subject matter littered with jargon. Such as ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) or the (3)_____ behind bandwidth, explaining how videoconferencing works. Good people communication is (4)______ in any business, and the more interaction you can achieve, the more likely it is that your (5)______ will be the right ones. Videoconferencing not only allows you to speak to people in different locations, but also note (6)______ expressions and gestures that let you know what the other person is really thinking. Meetings are made more (7)______ by sharing documents and computer applications that a simple telephone cannot (8)_____. Increasingly, organizations are discovering the competitive advantages and the power of videoconferencing. With advances in (9)______, economical pricing, the ability to (10)______ essential meeting tools and connectivity to global telephone networks and standardized videoconferencing protocols, videoconferencing is now a practical reality for any organization. A) fortunately F) manage K) progressive B) effective G) decisions L) concepts O G C) H) images connect D) articulate I) advanced N) performance F N J E) facial J) integrate O) important M) pictures E B Keys: C
I L Section VII Translation
XV. Translation from English to Chinese
Directions: Translate the following sentences from English to Chinese.
1. According to the survey, many of the longer-term unemployed become bored, idle, lose their friends and suffer from depression.
2. The tense relationship between public wrath and sentence is always unavoidable and existing in our criminal judicial practice.
3. If someone is behaving rashly and will later regret it, use this approach.
4. Some doubting townsfolk had their reservations, so Thomas offered that if it did not have the desired effect he would forego his fee.
5. He did exactly that experiment, little knowing that he was about to stumble upon the greatest wonderful phenomenon.
6. In case of leakage accident, it is possible to induce fire and it seriously threatens the safety of staff, residents and their property.
7. Let’s drive out of the big city into the countryside to get some peace and quiet for a few hours. 8. Exchange contact information with one or two of them if it feels like you might really have something in common.
9. All peace-loving people demand the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weapons.
10. Hai’er will continue to strive for innovation and development of new, environmentally friendly, and user-friendly products.
11. Dreams can be utilized creatively to improve health, gain inspiration, solve problems and enrich family relationships.
12. The productive potential of the city was unparalleled, and the pace of its industrial expansion
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reached explosive proportions.
13. Colin is a highly praised travel writer whose works are admired for their originality and depth of knowledge.
14. For the first time in my life, I was drown in a sea of fear and doubts, a nightmare I could not wake up from.
15. These positions can be a chance to learn about the government and the business and the chance to meet influential people.
Keys for reference:
1. 调查表明，许多长期失业人员变得无聊、无所事事，失去了朋友，而且非常沮丧。 2. 在我国刑事司法实践中，民愤与审判之间一直存在着难以避免的紧张关系。 3. 如果有人行为莽撞又事后后悔，就用一下这个方法。
4. 一些抱有怀疑态度的市民持保留意见，因此托马斯承诺若达不到预期效果他将放弃酬金。 5. 他刚好做了那个实验，但并不知道自己会偶然间发现这个令人惊奇的现象。
6. 一旦发生泄漏，很有可能会引发火灾，给工作人员和附近居民的生命财产安全造成严重的威胁。
7. 让我们开车离开这座大城市，到乡村去享受几个小时的平静与安宁吧。 8. 如果你感觉与其中的一两个人有共同的兴趣，不妨与他们交换联系方式。 9. 所有热爱和平的人都要求全面禁止并彻底销毁核武器。
10. 海尔将再接再厉，不断创新，努力开发出更新颖、更环保、更好用的产品。 11. 梦可以被创造性地运用于改善健康、获得灵感、解决问题和增强家庭关系。 12. 这个城市的生产潜力无可比拟，它的工业也经历了飞速的扩张。
13. 科林是一名受人推崇的游记作家，其作品的新意和知识深度备受赞誉。
14. 这是我生命中第一次如此沉沦在恐惧与疑惑的汪洋中，沉睡在一个噩梦中无法醒来。 15. 这些职位能够给大家提供了解政府、商业和结识有影响力人物的机会。
XVI. Translation from Chinese to English
Directions: Translate the following Chinese into English, using the expressions (or following the instructions) given in the brackets. 1. 他们忽略了人际关系，因此电脑网络就成了他们和外界交流的方式。(neglect; interact with) 2. 他可以做汽车修理生意，兼卖便宜珠宝，在这种情况下他做生意就不够专注了。(run a car repair business; on the side)
3. 在产品创新过程中, 企业的管理层经常会面临供应商整合的问题，不过他们极有信心解决这个问题。(executives frequently confront; be supremely confident)
4. 一打开门，他发现自己面对的是一群荷枪实弹的警察。由于涉嫌谋杀同事，他被捕了。(confronted; be suspected of)
5. 他并不是因为单纯的好奇才问这些问题的，他正期待着官方的正式答复。(idle curiosity; await)
6. 绝大多数客户认为我们的纸板箱很坚硬，适合海洋运输。(cartons; withstand ocean transportation)
7. 中国不仅仅要解决当前的干旱问题，也要解决长期的水资源缺乏。(tackle; water scarcity) 8. 椅子很舒服但太矮，我发现我的坐姿很尴尬：我们说话时我必须抬头看着他。(in the disconcerting position)
9. 很少有公司给兼职员工同等权利来享受这样的福利，很多公司将他们完全排除在外。(give equal rights to; exclude)
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10. 这些交流方式可能会给听众带来困难，使他们无法集中注意力并领悟所说的话的意思。(induce difficulties in; focus attention)
11. 由于家人远在苏格兰，她一定特别孤独。我不知道她能否承受那个地方的恶劣条件。(be desperately lonely; withstand)
12. 为便于铺设，瓷砖要选非常理想的——能达到适应各种厨房环境的等级。(be on the ideal choice; withstand)
13. 销售人员总将信贷部门看作谈成生意所必需克服的障碍。(view the credit department as;
obstacle)
14. 她不想承认自身的弱点，既不想对他承认，也不想在这个时刻承认。(confession)
15. 五月，美国的军事策划者集中精力构想战略计划，以期最终置日本于死地。(be preoccupied with; throttle)
Keys for reference:
1. They neglected personal relations, so computers and the Internet were the way to interact with the outside world.
2. He may run a car repair business and sell cheap jewellery on the side, in which case his dealing will lack focus.
3. Management executives frequently confront the issue of supplier integration during product innovation process. And they are supremely confident to tackle the problem.
4. Opening the door, he found himself confronted by a dozen policemen with guns. Being suspected of murdering his colleague, he was arrested.
5. It was not idle curiosity that made him ask all his questions. He was awaiting a formal reply from the government.
6. Most of our clients regard our cartons as being strong enough to withstand ocean transportation. 7. China not only has to tackle the current drought, but also long-term water scarcity.
8. The chair was comfortable but low and I found myself in the disconcerting position of having to look up at him while we spoke.
9. Few firms give part-time workers equal rights to such benefits, and many exclude them entirely. 10. These communication styles can be expected to induce difficulties in the listener’s ability to focus attention and handle the meaning of what is being said.
11. She must have been desperately lonely especially with all her family up in Scotland. I wonder if she could withstand the poor condition of the place.
12. To make laying easy, tiles are on the ideal choice — in a grade which is able to withstand kitchen conditions.
13. Sales people often view the credit department as an obstacle to overcome in getting a sale. 14. It was a confession of weakness which she hadn’t expected to make, not to him and not at such a moment.
15. American military planners were preoccupied in May with devising the strategy that would
ultimately throttle Japan.
七：写作
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic On Elective Courses. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline below.
1． 很多大学生选择专业之外的选修课 2． 他们做出各种选择的原因
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3． 我的看法和做法
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