in a lower quantity demanded.

供应的数量是一个好的或服务人愿意出售在给定的价格。需求的商品或服务,消费者愿意并且能够购买在一个给定的商品或服务的价格是它的货币价值。的一个重要机制,决定了价格是供给和需求之间的关系,这通常是与供应/需求曲线所示。对于任何商品或服务,供应之间的关系不断变化,需求和价格。产品或服务的价格反映了需求的强度和商品的可用性。当需求超过供应,价格上涨。价格的增加导致一连串的经济事件。价格上涨导致价格导致一连串的经济事件。价格上涨导致人们寻求替代方案或决定不使用一个产品或服务,r

For example, prices for recycled paper materials, such as old corrugated cardboard , fluctuate significantly based on their supply and demand .The supply of old corrugated cardboard does not vary much , because there are well-established recycling programs in place that capture over 70 percent of discarded corrugated cardboard .However, the demand fluctuates significantly depending on several factors .A primary factor that determines demand is the

general state of the economy. When the economy is strong ,people buy things and those thing are typically shipped in corrugated cardboard containers. This results in an increases in demand and an increase in the price cardboard manufactures are not buying things, less packaging is needed, demand is the strength of the export market .When other countries are buying old corrugated cardboard ,less is available for the domestic market and the price increases . Finally , when the price of old corrugated cardboard approaches $125 per ton , cardboard producers can buy pulpwood at about the same price and begin to switch from using old corrugated cardboard to pulpwood .

例如,再生纸材料价格,如古老的瓦楞纸板,根据供求波动明显。旧的瓦楞纸板的供应没有多大变化,因为有完善的回收计划,捕获超过70%的废弃的瓦楞纸板。然而,需求大幅波动取决于几个因素。决定需求的主要因素是经济状况。当经济强,人们买东西,这些东西通常装在瓦楞纸板的容器。这导致需求的增加和价格上涨纸板生产不买东西,不需要包装,需求强度的出口市场。

当其他国家购买旧的瓦楞纸板,少即是用于国内市场价格上涨。最后,当旧的瓦楞纸板的价格接近每吨125美元,纸板生产商可以以相同的价格购买木质纸浆,并开始从使用旧木质纸浆的瓦楞纸板。

Similarly , food production depend heavily on petroleum for the energy to plant , harvest ,and transport food crops . In addition , petrochemicals are used to make fertilizer and chemical pest-control agents .If the demand for energy exceed the supply , the price of petroleum increases . As petroleum price rise , farmers reduce their petroleum use . Perhaps they farm less land or use less fertilizer or pesticide .Because farmers are using less energy , they will produce less food , so the supply of food decreases .Thus , an increases in petroleum prices results in an increase in petroleum prices results in an increase in food prices . As the prices of certain foods rise ,consumers seek less costly foods.

同样,粮食产量严重依赖石油的能源植物,收获,和运输粮食作

物。此外,石化产品用于生产化肥和化学杀虫剂代理的企业。如果能源需求超过供应,石油的价格上涨。随着石油价格的上升,农民减少石油的使用。也许他们的农场更少的土地或少用化肥或农药。因为农民使用更少的能量,他们就会产生更少的食物,因此食物的供应减少。因此,石油价格的上涨导致石油价格的增加导致了食品价格的增加。随着某些食物的价格上涨,消费者寻求低成本的食品。

When the supply of a commodity exceeds the demand , producers must lower their prices to get rid of the product ,and eventually , some of the producers go out of business .Ironically, this happens to farmers when they have a series of good years. Production is high ,prices fall , and some farmers go out of business. 当一种商品的供应超过需求,生产者必须降低价格来摆脱产品,并最终,一些生产商破产。具有讽刺意味的是,这种情况给农民时,有一系列的好年。产量高,价格下跌,一些农民破产。 Assigning Value To Natural Resources and Ecosystem Services

将值分配给自然资源和生态系统服务