structures and processes that humans can use for their own purposes but cannot create. The agricultural productivity minerals

of

the

soil,

rivers ,and

,

,forests ,wildlife weather

(wind ,sunlight ,rainfall) are all examples of natural resources. The landscape is also a natural resources, as we see in countries with a combination of mountainous terrain and high rainfall that can be used to generate hydroelectric power or in those that have beautiful scenery or biotic resources that foster tourism.

经济学家看资源可用的供应可以使用的东西。经典,有三种资源:劳动、资本和土地。土地是通常被称为一个人力资源。资本是什么,使高效生产的商品和服务(技术和知识的例子)。土地可以被认为是地球的自然资源。自然资源结构和过程,人类可以使用自己的目的,但不能创建。土壤的农业生产率、河流、矿产、森林、野生动物、和天气(风、阳光、降雨)都是自然资源的例子。景观也是一种自然资源,如我们看到的国家结合山区降雨量和高,可用于生成水力发电或在那些美丽的风景或生物资源

Natural resources are usually categorized as either renewable or nonrenewable .Renewable resources can be formed

or

regenerated

by

natural

processes.

Soil ,vegetation ,animal ,air, and water are renewable primarily because they naturally undergo processes that repair, regenerate, or cleanse them when their quality or quantity is reduced .Just because a resource is renewable, however, does not mean that it is inexhaustible .Overuse of renewable resources can be result in their irreversible degradation .Nonrenewable resources are not replaced by natural processes, or the rate of replacement is so show as to be ineffective, F or example ,iron ore ,fossil fuels ,and mountainous landscapes

are

nonrenewable

on

human

timescales .Therefore ,when nonrenewable resources are used up , they are gone ,and a substitute must be found or we must do without.

通常分为可再生或不可再生的自然资源。可再生资源可以通过自然过程形成或再生。土壤、植被、动物、空气和水是可再

生主要是因为他们自然的接受过程,修复,再生,或洁净他们当他们的质量或数量减少。然而,仅仅因为一个资源是可再生,并不意味着它是无穷无尽的。过度使用可再生资源可以导致不可逆转的退化。不可再生资源不是自然过程所取代,或更换的速度显示是无效的,F或例子,铁矿石、化石燃料,和山地景观是人类时间尺度上不可再生。因此,当使用不可再生资源,他们都走了,必须找到替代或我们必须没有。 SUPPLY AND DEMAND 供给和需求

An economic good or service can be defines as anything that is scarce ,.Scarcity exists whenever the demand for anything exceeds its supply .We live in a world of general scarcity ,where resources are limited relative to the desires of humans to consume them .The mechanism by which resources and is set by the relationship among the supply of a good or services and society’s demand for it .

一种经济商品或服务可以被定义为任何稀缺,。稀缺的存在只要对任何的需求超过了供应。我们生活在这样一个世界的普遍

短缺,资源是有限的消费相对于人类的欲望。的机制,资源和设置一个好的或服务供应之间的关系和社会对它的需求。 The supply is the amount of a good or service people are willing to sell at a given price . Demand is the amount of a good or service that consumers are willing and able to buy at a given price of a good or service is its monetary value .One of the important mechanisms that determines the price is the relationship between the supply and demand ,which is often illustrated with a supply/demand curve. For any good or service, there is a constantly shifting relationship among supply , demand ,and price. The price of a product or service reflects the strength of the demand for and the availability of the commodity .When demand exceeds supply , the price rises .The increase in price results in a chain of economic events .price increases cause in price results in a chain of economic events. Price increases cause people to seek alternatives or to decide not to use a product or service, which results