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航空工程英语
Ground Primary 被分成 次要的 Are divided into Secondary Trim Rotate Amount Magnitude Total remain Angle Flight deck Feedback bus Drum 集团 方法、手段 位置 姿.态 操纵面 达到 对?起作用 稳定的 降低 操纵台 信号 驾驶盘操纵 Group Means Position Attitude Control surface Reach Act on Stable Lose Control stand Signal Control wheel steering Consider 地面 主要的 驾驶盘 导致 角度 建立 再成流线型 平衡 坡度 命令 传感器 自动驾驶仪 Control wheel 配平 Cause Angular Establish Refair Balance bank Command Sensor Autopilot 转 动 量； 值 大小、尺寸 全部的 保持 角度 驾驶舱 反馈 转动鼓轮 换能器 transducer 副翼操纵力限制 Aileron force limiter Center gravity Pitch rate Tab Crank 考虑 升力中心 横滚 扭力管 操纵杆 Center lift Roll Torque tube Control rod 重心 俯仰（率） 调整片 曲柄 反向力 驾驶杆 扇形盘 供给、容许 Counter force Control column quadrant admit 二、TEXT 1. the flight controls provide maneuvering control about the lateral, longitudinal, and vertical axes. They also provide increased lift for take off and landing as well as increased aerodynamic drag both in flight and on ground. Flight controls are divided into two major groups: primary and secondary. The primary flight controls consist of the ailerons, elevators, and rudder. The secondary flight controls consist of the spoilers, trailing edge flaps, leading edge devices, and the stabilizer. We will introduce the primary flight controls in this lesson. 飞行控制系统提供水平、纵向及垂直方向上的机动控制。它们同时也为飞机在地面起飞时提供升力及从空中降落时提供空气阻力。飞控系统分为两个主要部分：主飞控系统及次飞控系统。主飞行控制系统包含副翼、升降舵及方向舵。次飞控系统包含扰流板、后缘襟翼、前缘襟翼及水平安定面。本课主要讲述主飞控系统。 2. The aileron control system provides the means of rotating the airplane about the longitudinal axis. The aileron control system is actuated by rotation of either the captain’s or first officer’s aileron control wheel. The autopilot system also provides a control input. These inputs control a hydraulic powered system which drives the ailerons. Moving the ailerons out of their trimmed position causes the airplane to ratote and change attitude. The angular amount of control surface moved establishes the “rate-of –change”. When the desired magnitude of attitude change has been reached, the control surfaces are refaired, total forces acting on the airplane are balanced and the airplane remains stable in a bank angle. Since the airplane is in a bank, the wing loses some of its lift, so up elevator command is used by the pilot or by the autopilot.
副翼控制系统提供飞机纵向转动的方式。副翼控制系统通过转动机长或副驾位的副翼控制轮作动。自动驾驶系统也可提供控制输入。这些输入控制驱动副翼的液压动力系统。转动副翼离开配平位置，致使飞机转动并改变姿态。控制面角度的移动形成“变化率”。当姿态变化达到希望的量值时，控制面再成流线型，作用在飞机上的合力达到平衡，同时飞机在一个角度上保持稳定。因飞机有一定的角度，机翼升力降低，所以驾驶员或自动驾驶系统会给出升降舵上升的命令。 3. The ailerons are located on the outboard trailing edge of each wing. Other aileron components are located in 3 main areas:
Flight deck ?
The control wheels are located in the forward portion of the flight deck. The aileron trim switch is located on the control stand.
Wheel well area ?
The aileron power control units(PCU, convert a pilot or autopilot mechanical driven input to a hydraulic power driven mechanical output to drive the aileron) are located on the forward wall of the main wheel well. The autopilot
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航空工程英语
aileron actuators are located on the forward wall of the main wheel well. The aileron position sensor provides two feedback postion signal from the aileron system to the A/P system.
Lower nose compartment ?
The control drum and bus drum are connected to the control wheel, located in the lower nose compartment. The roll CWS force transducer is connected between the bus drum and the control drum, the output of the force transducer provides signals to the autopilot. The aileron force limiter limits control wheel movement during A/P operation, the control wheel rotation is limited to 17°with flaps up and 25°with flaps down. 副翼位于每个机翼前缘外侧，其它副翼组件位于3个主要区域：
驾驶舱 ?
控制轮位于驾驶舱前部。副翼配平开关位于控制台上。
轮舱区域 ?
副翼动力控制组件（PCU，转变驾驶员或自动驾驶系统机械驱动的输入为液压驱动机械输出，用以驱动副翼）位于主轮舱前壁。自动驾驶副翼作动筒主轮舱前壁。副翼位置传感器从副翼系统提供两个位置反馈信号给自动驾驶系统。
机头下方 ?
控制鼓及转动鼓轮连接到控制轮上，位于机头下方。横滚驾驶盘操纵反向换能器连接在转 动鼓轮与控制鼓之间，力量转换器的输出为自动驾驶提供信号。副翼操纵力限制器限制控制轮在自动驾驶仪操作时移动。控制轮的转动被限制在襟翼上升17°及襟翼下降25°之间。
To understand elevator poeration consider the airplane balanced about the center of lift (CL). ?
The center of gravity (CG) is shown forward of the center of lift. The stabilizer provides a counter force to the CG. The stabilizer may be trimmed to changer the force as required to maintain balance.
The elevators are used to change the pitch attitude. Moving the elevators out of their faired position causes the airplane to change the pitch attitude about the lateral axis. The amount of elevator movement establishes the airplane pitch rate. When the desired attitude is reached, the elevators are faired and the air-plane maintains the new pitch attitude.
升降舵操作要考虑飞机相对于升力中心的平衡。重力中心一般在升力中心的前面。安定面提供一个反向力给重力中心。安定面也可以在需要时通过配平改变力量以保持平衡。
升降舵用来改变飞机俯仰姿态。移动升降舵离开它们的流线型位置，使得飞机改变水平轴上的俯仰姿态。升降舵的移动量形成俯仰率。当达到希望的姿态时，升降舵再成流线型，飞机保持新的俯仰姿态。 5. Two control columns provide pitch control of the airplane . each control column extends through the floor into the lower nose compartment. A torque tube connects the control columns together. The control columns allow the pilots to control the airplane about the lateral axis.
两个驾驶杆提供飞机俯仰控制。每个控制杆通过地板沿伸到前舱。一个扭个管将驾驶杆连在一起。驾驶杆允许驾驶员沿水平轴控制飞机。 6. Control about the vertical axis is provided by the rudder. Control is provided by a single rudder without tab. The rudder is pedal operated by the captain or the first officer. Pedal movement rotates the forward quadrants, which are cable connected to the aft quadrant. Rotation of the aft quadrant moves a control rod connected to a torque tube. Rotation of the torque tube moves a crank connected to the rudder power control unit linkage. This admits hydraulic fluid to the actuating cylinder, which moves the rudder. 飞机垂直方向上的控制由方向舵提供。通过一个单独的不含调整片的方向舵提供控制。方向舵由机长或副驾驶的脚蹬控制。随着脚蹬的移动，使得前扇形盘转动，前扇形盘由线缆连接到后扇形盘。后扇形盘的转动带动一个连接着一个扭力管的操纵杆。扭力管的转动带动了连接着方向舵动力控制组件的曲柄移动，它提供液压压力给员筒型作动筒，作的筒作的使得方向舵移动。
LESSON 16 POWER PLANT (1)
一、单词 动力装置 反推装置 高函道比 相同的 定子叶片 轴 独立的 燃烧 排气 Power plant Thrust reverser High bypass rate State vane shaft independent combusion Discharger air 推力 驱动 涡轮风扇 轴流 压缩机 涡轮 相互 环形的 能够 thrust drive turbofan axes compressure turbine Each other Is capable of 帮助 齿轮箱 装配 转子 经由 机械地 气流 提高 大约 aid gearbox fitting rotor Via mechanically Airstream increase approximately 18
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航空工程英语
major 组件 维护 入口 防护罩 加速 交付 起动手柄 照亮 过滤器 module maintenance inlet shroud accelerate deliver Start lever illuminate filter 核心 助推器 支架 转换 引导 用泵抽 警告 暗淡的 失败 core booster frame transfer direct pump waring dim failure leave In conjunction with transmitter 主要的 附件齿轮箱 Accessory gearbox 轴承支座 喷嘴 继续 结果 截流阀 Bearing support nozzle continue result Shutoff valve 头顶上方的 overhead 热交换器 堵塞 转入 转/分 Heat exchange blockage Is ported to Revolution per minute measure Bypass valve 主发动机控制器 Main engine control 离开 机械 测量 mechanism meter 和?一起 发射机 测量 旁通活门 指示器 indicator 回油 scavenge 二、TEXT 1. the power plant on the 737-300/400/500 provides the thrust required for flight and also supplies power to in stopping the airplane (thrust reversers ), provides bleed air for air conditioning, pressurization, anti-icing , and drives a gearbox used for electrical power and hydraulic power. The 737 airplane are powered by two wing-mounted CFM 56-3 high bypass-ratio turbofan engine, the engine buildup is identical for left or right engines.
B737-300/400/500上的动力装置提供飞机飞行所需的推力及飞机停止时的反推力，同时为空调、增压系统及防冰系统提供引气，并驱动一个电源及液压系统使用的齿轮箱。B737飞机的动力来自于安装于机翼上的两台CFM56-3型高函道比的涡扇发动机，左右发动机的结构是相同的。 2. The engine is an axial flow turbofan with two rotors and variable stator vanes. The single-stage fan and three –stage low pressure compressor(LPC) are driven, via the low –speed(N1) shaft, by a four-stage low pressure turbine(LPT), the nine stage high pressure compressor(HPC) is driven, via the high speed(N2) shaft, by a single stage high pressure turbine(HPT). The two rotors are mechanically independent of each other. Air entering the engine is divided into a primary(inner) and a secondary (outer) airstream. After the primary airstream has been compressed by the LPC and HPC , combustin of fuel in the annular combustion chamber increases the HPC discharge air velocity to drive the high and low pressure turbines. The engine is capable of producing approximately 18,500 to 23,500 pounds of thrust at sea level static condition. 发动机是一个有两个转子和不同的定子叶片的轴流式涡轮风扇发动机。单级风扇和三级低压压气机被驱动，经由N1低速轴，通过一个四级低压涡轮。九级高压压气机被驱动，经由N2高速轴，通过一个单级高压涡轮。两个转子是彼此独立的机械结构。进入发动机的空气被分成主（内）次（外）两个气流。当主气流被低压压气机和高压压气机压缩后，环形燃烧室内的燃油开始燃烧，增加了高压压气机的排气速度以驱动高、低压涡轮。发动机能够产生在海平面条件下大约18，500到23，500磅的推力。 3. The engine consist of 4 major modules; fan, core, low pressure turbine and accessory gearbox. The fan major module consists of 4 maintenance modules, they are fan and booster, No.1 and No.2 bearing support, inlet gearbox. No.3 bearing and fan frame. The core major module consist of 8 maintenance modules, they are high pressure compressor (HPC) rotor, HPC front stator, HPC rear stator, combustion outer case, combustion chamber,
st
high pressure turbine (HPT) nozzle, HPT rotor, HPT shroud and 1 – stage LPT nozzle. The low pressure turbine module consisis of 3 maintenance modules, they are low pressure turbine, low pressure turbine shaft and turbine frame. The accessory drive module consists of 2 maintenance modules, they are the transfer gear box and the accessory gearbox.
发动机包含四个组要组件：风扇、主体、低压涡轮及附件齿轮箱。风扇又包含四个主要的维护部件，它们是：风扇和助推器、1#、2#轴承支架，入口齿轮箱、3#轴承及风扇骨架。发动机主体主要组件包括8个维护组件，它们是高压压气机转子、高压压气机前定子、高压压气机后端定子、燃烧室外壳、燃烧室、高压涡轮喷嘴、高压涡轮转子、高压涡轮保护罩及第一级高压涡轮喷嘴。低压涡轮组件包括3个维护组件，它们是低压涡轮、低压涡轮轴及涡轮支架。附件驱动组件包括2个维护组件，它们是传动齿轮箱和附件齿轮箱。
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航空工程英语
4. The fan and booster provide two separate air stream, the primary airflow passes through the inner portion of the fan rotor, then continues through the booster, the core engine and the LPT, exiting through the core exhaust nozzle. The secondary airflow passes through the fan outer portion and exits through the fan discharge duct(fan air ). The fan is located on the front of the engine, the main function of the fan is to accelerate the air directed to the engine secondary airflow nozzle. This results in producing approximately 78% of the total engine thrust.
风扇及助推器提供两个隔离的气流，主气流通过风扇转子内部，接着穿过助推器、发动机主体及低压压气机，从排放喷嘴核心排出。次级气流通过风扇外部从风扇排气管道喷出。风扇安装于发动机前端，其主要功能是给气流加速引导气流到发动机次级气流喷嘴。这样产生的动力占发动机总推力的78%。 5. Fuel is delivered to the fuel nozzles at pressure and flow-rate required to obtain the desired engine thrust. Fuel is pumped from the fuel tank and enters through the engine fuel shutoff valve. The engine fuel shutoff valve is controlled by the engine start lever and the engine fire warning switch. When the engine fuel shutoff valve is closed ,the FUEL VALVE CLOSED light located on the forward overhead panel illuminates dim. 燃油根据发动机推力的需求在压力作用下流到燃油喷嘴。燃油在油箱中用泵抽出并流过燃油关断活门。发动机燃油关断活门由发动机起动手柄和发动机火警开关控制。当发动机燃油关断活门关闭时，位于前顶置面板上的“FUEL VALVE CLOSED”灯燃亮。 6. Fuel passes from the first stage of the engine driven fuel pump through a fuel/oil heat exchanger to a filter. Provisions are made to bypass the filter in the event of failure or blockage. The second stage of the fuel pump provides high pressure fuel to the main engine control(MEC). As the fuel leaves the second stage fuel pump, it passes through another filter where a portion of the fuel is ported to a servo fuel heater before entering the MEC. The servo fuel heater uses engine oil to heat the servo fuel to prevent icing of control mechanisms control(PMC) uses power lever angle, fan inlet pressure and temperature, N1 rpm and N2 rpm to meter the correct amount of fuel to the combustor. A fuel-flow transmitter measures the rate of fuel flow from the MEC and provide a signal to the fuel flow indicator.
燃油从第一级发动机驱动燃油泵中通过燃油/滑油热交换器到一个油滤。当油滤万一失效或堵塞时将被旁通。燃油泵的第二级提供高压燃油给主发动机控制器。当燃油离开燃油泵第二级,流到另一个油滤，在那里，一部份燃油在进入主发动机控制器前前转到一个伺服燃油加热器。这个伺服燃油加热器用发动机滑油加热伺服燃油以防止控制机械内部主发动机控制器结冰。主发动机控制器与电源管理控制器相连，用动力杆角度、风扇入口压力及温度、N1转速和N2转速来测量燃烧室燃油量。燃油流量传感器从主发动机控制器测量燃油流率并为燃油流量指示器提供信号。 7. The oil system is pressurized by the engine driven oil pump. The oil leaves the oil pump, where sensors for oil pressure and the LOW OIL PRESSURE switch are located, passes through an oil filter and continues to the engine bearing and gearbox, the oil is returned to the oil tank by means of engine driven scavenge pump. From the scavenge pumps the oil passes through a scavenge filter. Bypass valve is mounted to prevent filter from blocking. scavenge oil temperature is sensed as the oil returns to the scavenge pump. The oil then passes through the servo fuel heater and fuel/oil heat exchanger where it is cooled by fuel before returning to the oil tank. 滑油系统通过发动机驱动的滑油泵增压。滑油离开装有滑油压力传感器及“LOW OIL PRESSURE”开关的滑油泵，流向一个滑油油滤并流到发动机轴承及齿轮箱。滑油通过发动机驱动的回油泵回到滑油箱。从回油泵返回的滑油流经一个油滤，旁通活门用来防止油滤堵塞。当滑油回到回油泵时，通过一个传感器来感受回油滑油温度，然后，滑油通过伺服燃油加热器及燃油/滑油热交换器，在这，滑油在回到滑油箱之前被燃油冷却。
LESSON 17 PPOWER PLANT （2）
一、单词 起动 转动 起动器 Start Rotate Starter 点火 加速 一套电路 Ignition Accelerate Circuitry 扭矩 慢车 Torque Idle 高压压气机 High pressure compressor 完成 把?转换 地面源 与?有关 起飞 天气 点火 屏蔽 Accomplish Convert into Ground source Related to Take off Weather Ignite Shield 20
外壳 级 能量 交叉引气 火花 着落 情况 励磁器 Case Stage Energy Crossbleed Spark Landing Condition Exciter 位置 Position 空气涡流发动机 Turbine-air motor 足够的 另一个 混合物 有害的 要求 三维的 Sufficient Another Mixture Adverse Require triaxial